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Cara ranurada del Disco de Oro de la Voyager lanzado junto con las sondas Voyager al espacio, que contiene música de todo el mundo

La música es la disposición del sonido para crear alguna combinación de forma , armonía , melodía , ritmo u otro contenido expresivo . En general, se acepta que la música es un universal cultural que está presente en todas las sociedades humanas. Las definiciones de música varían ampliamente en sustancia y enfoque. Si bien los académicos coinciden en que la música se define por un pequeño número de elementos específicos , no hay consenso en cuanto a cuáles son estos elementos necesarios. La música a menudo se caracteriza como un medio muy versátil para expresar la creatividad humana . En la creación de música intervienen diversas actividades, y a menudo se dividen en categorías de composición , improvisación e interpretación . La música puede interpretarse utilizando una amplia variedad de instrumentos musicales , incluida la voz humana . También puede componerse, secuenciarse o producirse de otro modo para ser tocada indirectamente de forma mecánica o electrónica, como a través de una caja de música , un organillo o un software de estación de trabajo de audio digital en una computadora.

La música suele desempeñar un papel fundamental en eventos sociales y ceremonias religiosas . Las técnicas de creación musical suelen transmitirse como parte de una tradición cultural. La música se interpreta en contextos públicos y privados y se destaca en eventos como festivales y conciertos para distintos tipos de conjuntos. La música se utiliza en la producción de otros medios, como bandas sonoras de películas, programas de televisión, óperas y videojuegos.

Escuchar música es una forma habitual de entretenimiento . La cultura que rodea a la música se extiende a áreas de estudio académico, periodismo , filosofía , psicología y terapia . La industria musical incluye a compositores, intérpretes, ingenieros de sonido , productores, organizadores de giras, distribuidores de instrumentos, accesorios y editores de partituras y grabaciones . La tecnología que facilita la grabación y reproducción de música ha incluido históricamente partituras , micrófonos , fonógrafos y grabadoras de cintas , siendo la reproducción de música digital un uso común para reproductores de MP3 , reproductores de CD y teléfonos inteligentes . ( Artículo completo... )

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Imágenes seleccionadas

  • Imagen 1 Billy Strayhorn Crédito de la fotografía: William P. Gottlieb; restaurada por Adam Cuerden Billy Strayhorn (29 de noviembre de 1915 - 31 de mayo de 1967) fue un compositor, pianista, letrista y arreglista de jazz estadounidense, mejor recordado por su larga colaboración con el director de orquesta y compositor Duke Ellington que duró casi tres décadas. Aunque la música clásica fue el primer amor de Strayhorn, su ambición de convertirse en compositor clásico no se hizo realidad debido a la dura realidad de un hombre negro que intentaba abrirse camino en el mundo de la música clásica, que en ese momento era casi completamente blanco. Conoció la música de pianistas como Art Tatum y Teddy Wilson a los 19 años, y la influencia artística de estos músicos lo guió hacia el reino del jazz, donde permaneció por el resto de su vida. Esta fotografía de Strayhorn fue tomada por William P. Gottlieb en la década de 1940. Más imágenes seleccionadas
    Image 1
    Crédito de la fotografía: William P. Gottlieb ; restaurada por Adam Cuerden
    Billy Strayhorn (29 de noviembre de 1915 - 31 de mayo de 1967) fue un compositor, pianista, letrista y arreglista de jazz estadounidense , más recordado por su larga colaboración con el director de orquesta y compositor Duke Ellington , que duró casi tres décadas. Aunque la música clásica fue el primer amor de Strayhorn, su ambición de convertirse en compositor clásico no se hizo realidad debido a la dura realidad de un hombre negro que intentaba abrirse camino en el mundo de la música clásica, que en ese momento era casi completamente blanco. Conoció la música de pianistas como Art Tatum y Teddy Wilson a los 19 años, y la influencia artística de estos músicos lo guió hacia el reino del jazz, donde permaneció por el resto de su vida. Esta fotografía de Strayhorn fue tomada por William P. Gottlieb en la década de 1940.
  • Image 2 Thomas Linley the elder Painting: Thomas Gainsborough Thomas Linley the elder (17 January 1733 – 19 November 1795) was an English bass singer and musician. He began his musical career at age 11 in Bath, becoming apprentice to the organist Thomas Chilcot. Linley married in 1752 and fathered eight children, supporting the family by working as a music teacher. As his children grew he developed their musical talent and was able to draw an increasing amount of income from their concerts. When the Bath Assembly Rooms opened in 1771, Linley became musical director and continued to promote his children's careers. He was eventually able to move to London with the thousands of pounds which he had amassed from their concerts. In addition to his children Linley taught tenor Charles Dignum, singer and actress Anna Maria Crouch, and novelist Frances Sheridan. He collaborated with his son Thomas Linley the younger in penning the comic opera The Duenna, with libretto by his son-in-law Richard Brinsley Sheridan. This picture is an oil-on-canvas painting created around 1770 by Thomas Gainsborough, showing Linley holding his "Elegies for Three Voices". It hangs in the Dulwich Picture Gallery, London. More selected pictures
    Image 2
    Painting: Thomas Gainsborough
    Thomas Linley the elder (17 January 1733 – 19 November 1795) was an English bass singer and musician. He began his musical career at age 11 in Bath, becoming apprentice to the organist Thomas Chilcot. Linley married in 1752 and fathered eight children, supporting the family by working as a music teacher. As his children grew he developed their musical talent and was able to draw an increasing amount of income from their concerts. When the Bath Assembly Rooms opened in 1771, Linley became musical director and continued to promote his children's careers. He was eventually able to move to London with the thousands of pounds which he had amassed from their concerts. In addition to his children Linley taught tenor Charles Dignum, singer and actress Anna Maria Crouch, and novelist Frances Sheridan. He collaborated with his son Thomas Linley the younger in penning the comic opera The Duenna, with libretto by his son-in-law Richard Brinsley Sheridan.

    This picture is an oil-on-canvas painting created around 1770 by Thomas Gainsborough, showing Linley holding his "Elegies for Three Voices". It hangs in the Dulwich Picture Gallery, London.
  • Image 3 William Grant Still Photograph credit: Carl Van Vechten; restored by Adam Cuerden William Grant Still (1895–1978) was an American composer of nearly 200 works, including five symphonies and nine operas. Often referred to as the "Dean of Afro-American Composers", Still was the first American composer to have an opera produced by the New York City Opera. His first symphony, entitled Afro-American Symphony, was until 1950 the most widely performed symphony composed by an American. Born in Mississippi, he grew up in Little Rock, Arkansas, attended Wilberforce University and Oberlin Conservatory of Music, and was a student of George Whitefield Chadwick and later Edgard Varèse. Still was the first African American to conduct a major American symphony orchestra and the first to have an opera performed on national television. Due to his close association and collaboration with prominent African-American literary and cultural figures, he is considered to be part of the Harlem Renaissance movement. This picture of Still was taken by Carl Van Vechten in 1949; the photograph is in the collection of the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. More selected pictures
    Image 3
    Photograph credit: Carl Van Vechten; restored by Adam Cuerden
    William Grant Still (1895–1978) was an American composer of nearly 200 works, including five symphonies and nine operas. Often referred to as the "Dean of Afro-American Composers", Still was the first American composer to have an opera produced by the New York City Opera. His first symphony, entitled Afro-American Symphony, was until 1950 the most widely performed symphony composed by an American. Born in Mississippi, he grew up in Little Rock, Arkansas, attended Wilberforce University and Oberlin Conservatory of Music, and was a student of George Whitefield Chadwick and later Edgard Varèse. Still was the first African American to conduct a major American symphony orchestra and the first to have an opera performed on national television. Due to his close association and collaboration with prominent African-American literary and cultural figures, he is considered to be part of the Harlem Renaissance movement.

    This picture of Still was taken by Carl Van Vechten in 1949; the photograph is in the collection of the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C.
  • Image 4 Franz Lehár Photograph: Bain News Service; restoration: Adam Cuerden Franz Lehár (1870–1948) was an Austro-Hungarian composer mainly known for his operettas, the most successful and best known being The Merry Widow. He also wrote sonatas, symphonic poems and marches. More selected pictures
    Image 4
    Photograph: Bain News Service; restoration: Adam Cuerden
    Franz Lehár (1870–1948) was an Austro-Hungarian composer mainly known for his operettas, the most successful and best known being The Merry Widow. He also wrote sonatas, symphonic poems and marches.
  • Image 5 Fervaal Illustration credit: Carlos Schwabe; restored by Adam Cuerden Fervaal is an opera with a prologue and three acts by the French composer Vincent d'Indy. Fervaal is the son of a Celtic king and is destined to be the last advocate of the old gods. His mission is to save his homeland from invasion and pillage, but in doing so he must renounce love. This illustration, by the Swiss painter Carlos Schwabe, relates to the 10 May 1898 premiere of the opera at the Théâtre de l'Opéra-Comique in Paris. Here, Fervaal is depicted ascending a mountain while carrying the body of his beloved Guilhen at the end of the opera, as the pagan gods and their worshippers fade out of existence with the dawn of Christianity. More selected pictures
    Image 5
    Illustration credit: Carlos Schwabe; restored by Adam Cuerden
    Fervaal is an opera with a prologue and three acts by the French composer Vincent d'Indy. Fervaal is the son of a Celtic king and is destined to be the last advocate of the old gods. His mission is to save his homeland from invasion and pillage, but in doing so he must renounce love. This illustration, by the Swiss painter Carlos Schwabe, relates to the 10 May 1898 premiere of the opera at the Théâtre de l'Opéra-Comique in Paris. Here, Fervaal is depicted ascending a mountain while carrying the body of his beloved Guilhen at the end of the opera, as the pagan gods and their worshippers fade out of existence with the dawn of Christianity.
  • Image 6 Louis Armstrong Photo credit: New York World-Telegram and Sun Louis Armstrong, nicknamed "Satchmo" or "Pops", was an American jazz trumpeter and singer. Armstrong was a foundational influence on jazz, shifting the music's focus from collective improvisation to solo performers. With his distinctive gravelly voice, Armstrong was also an influential singer, demonstrating great dexterity as an improviser and as a scat singer. More selected pictures
    Image 6
    Photo credit: New York World-Telegram and Sun
    Louis Armstrong, nicknamed "Satchmo" or "Pops", was an American jazz trumpeter and singer. Armstrong was a foundational influence on jazz, shifting the music's focus from collective improvisation to solo performers. With his distinctive gravelly voice, Armstrong was also an influential singer, demonstrating great dexterity as an improviser and as a scat singer.
  • Image 7 Nina Sublatti Photograph: Ailura Nina Sublatti (b. 1995) is a Georgian singer, songwriter, and model. Having previously won the 2013 Georgian edition of Idol, she achieved international attention when she represented her country in Eurovision Song Contest 2015 with her song "Warrior". She has since served as a judge on X Factor Georgia and Idols. More selected pictures
    Image 7
    Photograph: Ailura
    Nina Sublatti (b. 1995) is a Georgian singer, songwriter, and model. Having previously won the 2013 Georgian edition of Idol, she achieved international attention when she represented her country in Eurovision Song Contest 2015 with her song "Warrior". She has since served as a judge on X Factor Georgia and Idols.
  • Image 8 Ariadne auf Naxos Illustration credit: unknown Ariadne auf Naxos ('Ariadne on Naxos'), Op. 60, is an opera by Richard Strauss with a German libretto by Hugo von Hofmannsthal. Combining slapstick comedy and consummately beautiful music, the opera's theme is the competition between high and low art for the public's attention. The opera was originally conceived as a 30-minute divertissement to be performed at the end of Hofmannsthal's adaptation of Molière's play Le Bourgeois gentilhomme. Besides the opera, Strauss provided incidental music to be performed during the play. In the end, the opera was ninety minutes long, and the performance of the play and opera together totalled over six hours. It was first performed at the Staatsoper Stuttgart on 25 October 1912, directed by Max Reinhardt. The combination of the play and opera proved to be unsatisfactory to the audience: those who had come to hear the opera resented having to wait until the play finished. The work was revised in 1916, with the play being replaced by a prologue, and first performed at the Vienna State Opera on 4 October of that year. This picture is the cover of a vocal score of the revised edition of Ariadne auf Naxos, published in 1916. More selected pictures
    Image 8
    Illustration credit: unknown
    Ariadne auf Naxos ('Ariadne on Naxos'), Op. 60, is an opera by Richard Strauss with a German libretto by Hugo von Hofmannsthal. Combining slapstick comedy and consummately beautiful music, the opera's theme is the competition between high and low art for the public's attention. The opera was originally conceived as a 30-minute divertissement to be performed at the end of Hofmannsthal's adaptation of Molière's play Le Bourgeois gentilhomme. Besides the opera, Strauss provided incidental music to be performed during the play. In the end, the opera was ninety minutes long, and the performance of the play and opera together totalled over six hours. It was first performed at the Staatsoper Stuttgart on 25 October 1912, directed by Max Reinhardt. The combination of the play and opera proved to be unsatisfactory to the audience: those who had come to hear the opera resented having to wait until the play finished. The work was revised in 1916, with the play being replaced by a prologue, and first performed at the Vienna State Opera on 4 October of that year.

    This picture is the cover of a vocal score of the revised edition of Ariadne auf Naxos, published in 1916.
  • Image 9 Johann Strauss II Photograph credit: Fritz Luckhardt; restored by Adam Cuerden Johann Strauss II (25 October 1825 – 3 June 1899) was an Austrian composer of light music, particularly dance music and operettas. Part of the Strauss dynasty, his father demanded that none of his sons pursue music as a career, despite their display of musical talent. It was only after his father had abandoned the family for a mistress that the younger Strauss was able to develop his skills as a composer, with the encouragement of his mother. He eventually attained greater fame than his father, and became one of the most popular waltz composers of the era, conducting extensive tours of Austria, Poland and Germany with his orchestra. More selected pictures
    Image 9
    Photograph credit: Fritz Luckhardt; restored by Adam Cuerden
    Johann Strauss II (25 October 1825 – 3 June 1899) was an Austrian composer of light music, particularly dance music and operettas. Part of the Strauss dynasty, his father demanded that none of his sons pursue music as a career, despite their display of musical talent. It was only after his father had abandoned the family for a mistress that the younger Strauss was able to develop his skills as a composer, with the encouragement of his mother. He eventually attained greater fame than his father, and became one of the most popular waltz composers of the era, conducting extensive tours of Austria, Poland and Germany with his orchestra.
  • Image 10 Bessie Smith Photograph credit: Carl Van Vechten; restored by Adam Cuerden Bessie Smith (April 15, 1894 – September 26, 1937) was an American blues singer widely renowned during the Jazz Age. She is often regarded as one of the greatest singers of her era and was a major influence on fellow blues singers, as well as jazz vocalists. Born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, her parents died when Smith was young, and she and her sister survived by performing on the streets of Chattanooga, Tennessee. She began touring and performed in a group that included Ma Rainey, and then went out on her own. Her successful recording career began in the 1920s, until an automobile accident ended her life at age 43. More selected pictures
    Image 10
    Photograph credit: Carl Van Vechten; restored by Adam Cuerden
    Bessie Smith (April 15, 1894 – September 26, 1937) was an American blues singer widely renowned during the Jazz Age. She is often regarded as one of the greatest singers of her era and was a major influence on fellow blues singers, as well as jazz vocalists.

    Born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, her parents died when Smith was young, and she and her sister survived by performing on the streets of Chattanooga, Tennessee. She began touring and performed in a group that included Ma Rainey, and then went out on her own. Her successful recording career began in the 1920s, until an automobile accident ended her life at age 43.
  • Image 11 Jules Massenet Photograph credit: Eugène Pirou; restored by Adam Cuerden Jules Massenet (12 May 1842 – 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era, best known for his operas. Between 1867 and his death, he wrote more than forty stage works in a wide variety of styles, from opéra comique to grand depictions of classical myths, romantic comedies and lyric dramas, as well as oratorios, cantatas and ballets. Massenet had a good sense of the theatre and of what would succeed with the Parisian public. Despite some miscalculations, he produced a series of successes that made him the leading opera composer in France in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. By the time of his death, he was regarded as old-fashioned; his works, however, began to be favourably reassessed during the mid-20th century, and many have since been staged and recorded. This photograph of Massenet was taken by French photographer Eugène Pirou in 1875. More selected pictures
    Image 11
    Photograph credit: Eugène Pirou; restored by Adam Cuerden
    Jules Massenet (12 May 1842 – 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era, best known for his operas. Between 1867 and his death, he wrote more than forty stage works in a wide variety of styles, from opéra comique to grand depictions of classical myths, romantic comedies and lyric dramas, as well as oratorios, cantatas and ballets. Massenet had a good sense of the theatre and of what would succeed with the Parisian public. Despite some miscalculations, he produced a series of successes that made him the leading opera composer in France in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. By the time of his death, he was regarded as old-fashioned; his works, however, began to be favourably reassessed during the mid-20th century, and many have since been staged and recorded. This photograph of Massenet was taken by French photographer Eugène Pirou in 1875.
  • Image 12 Carl Nielsen Photograph: Georg Lindstrøm; restoration: Adam Cuerden Carl Nielsen (1865–1931) was a Danish musician, conductor and violinist, widely recognized as his country's most prominent composer. Initially playing in a military band before attending the Royal Danish Academy of Music in Copenhagen, he premiered his Op. 1, Suite for Strings, in 1888, at the age of 23. His early music was inspired by composers such as Brahms and Grieg, but he soon developed his own style. By the time of his death, he had produced 419 known works; some of these, such as his opera Maskarade (1906), have become integral to Denmark's national heritage. More selected pictures
    Image 12
    Photograph: Georg Lindstrøm; restoration: Adam Cuerden
    Carl Nielsen (1865–1931) was a Danish musician, conductor and violinist, widely recognized as his country's most prominent composer. Initially playing in a military band before attending the Royal Danish Academy of Music in Copenhagen, he premiered his Op. 1, Suite for Strings, in 1888, at the age of 23. His early music was inspired by composers such as Brahms and Grieg, but he soon developed his own style. By the time of his death, he had produced 419 known works; some of these, such as his opera Maskarade (1906), have become integral to Denmark's national heritage.
  • Image 13 Hera Hjartardóttir Photo: Kyle Cassidy Hera is an Icelandic singer-songwriter who emigrated to New Zealand as a teenager. She is known for her facial art, which is "inspired by moko and also by Celtic warrior paint" and intended to represent both her Icelandic and New Zealand heritage. In 2002 she was named Best Female Singer at the Icelandic Music Awards. More selected pictures
    Image 13
    Photo: Kyle Cassidy
    Hera is an Icelandic singer-songwriter who emigrated to New Zealand as a teenager. She is known for her facial art, which is "inspired by moko and also by Celtic warrior paint" and intended to represent both her Icelandic and New Zealand heritage. In 2002 she was named Best Female Singer at the Icelandic Music Awards.
  • Image 14 Frédéric Chopin Photo credit: Louis-Auguste Bisson The only known photograph of Frédéric Chopin, often incorrectly described as a daguerreotype. It is believed to have been taken in 1849 during the degenerative stages of his tuberculosis, shortly before his death. Chopin, a Polish pianist and composer of the Romantic era, is widely regarded as one of the most famous, influential, admired and prolific composers for the piano. He moved to Paris at the age of twenty, adopting the French variant of his name, "Frédéric-François", by which he is now known. More selected pictures
    Image 14
    Photo credit: Louis-Auguste Bisson
    The only known photograph of Frédéric Chopin, often incorrectly described as a daguerreotype. It is believed to have been taken in 1849 during the degenerative stages of his tuberculosis, shortly before his death. Chopin, a Polish pianist and composer of the Romantic era, is widely regarded as one of the most famous, influential, admired and prolific composers for the piano. He moved to Paris at the age of twenty, adopting the French variant of his name, "Frédéric-François", by which he is now known.
  • Image 15 Les Troyens Illustration credit: Antoine Barbizet; restored by Adam Cuerden Les Troyens (The Trojans) is a French grand opera in five acts by Hector Berlioz, with a libretto written by the composer himself based on Virgil's Aeneid. The score was composed between 1856 and 1858, but Berlioz did not live long enough to see the work performed in its entirety. The first two acts were performed separately under the title La Prise de Troie. This picture shows the cover of the first-edition vocal score for La Prise de Troie, published in 1863. More selected pictures
    Image 15
    Illustration credit: Antoine Barbizet; restored by Adam Cuerden
    Les Troyens (The Trojans) is a French grand opera in five acts by Hector Berlioz, with a libretto written by the composer himself based on Virgil's Aeneid. The score was composed between 1856 and 1858, but Berlioz did not live long enough to see the work performed in its entirety. The first two acts were performed separately under the title La Prise de Troie. This picture shows the cover of the first-edition vocal score for La Prise de Troie, published in 1863.


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