2016 en paleontología

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Overview of the events of 2016 in paleontology

La paleontología o paleontología es el estudio de las formas de vida prehistóricas en la Tierra a través del examen de fósiles de plantas y animales . ^[1] Esto incluye el estudio de fósiles corporales, huellas ( icnitas ), madrigueras , partes desechadas, heces fosilizadas ( coprolitos ), palinomorfos y residuos químicos . Debido a que los humanos han encontrado fósiles durante milenios, la paleontología tiene una larga historia tanto antes como después de formalizarse como ciencia . Este artículo registra descubrimientos y eventos significativos relacionados con la paleontología que ocurrieron o fueron publicados en el año 2016.

Flora

Plantas

Hongos

Nombre	Novedad	Estado	Autores	Edad	Unidad	Ubicación	Notas
Cultoraquaticus ^[2]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Strullu-Derrien en Strullu-Derrien et al.	Devónico temprano	Sílex de Rhynie	Reino Unido	Hongo perteneciente al grupo Chytridiomycetes . La especie tipo es C. trewini .
Dennisiellinitas ^[3]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Bannister, Conran y Lee	Eoceno	Bosque fósil de Pikopiko	Nueva Zelanda	Un hongo . El género incluye la nueva especie D. pikopikoensis .
Gerontomyces ^[4]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Poinar	Eoceno	Ámbar báltico	Europa ( costa del mar Báltico )	Un hongo con láminas . La especie tipo es G. lepidotus .
Hipoxilonitas foyelensis ^[5]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Bianchinotti, Martínez & Saxena en Martínez et al.	Paleógeno (probablemente Eoceno)	Formación Troncoso	Argentina	Un hongo descrito sobre la base de esporas .
Monodictisporitas ^[6]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Klimyuk	Ypresiano	Sílex de Princeton de la Formación Allenby	Canadá ( Columbia Británica )	Un taxón de esporas de hongos ascomicotas . La especie tipo es M. princetonensis . Probablemente hospedado en Dennstaedtiopsis aerenchymata
Paleocado ^[7]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Poinar	Cretáceo	Ámbar de Birmania	Birmania	Hongo ecrináceo. Especie tipo P. burmiticus .
Pluricellaesporites patagonicus ^[5]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Bianchinotti, Martínez & Saxena en Martínez et al.	Paleógeno		Argentina	Un hongo descrito sobre la base de esporas parecidas a las de los miembros del género Bactrodesmium .
Trewinomyces ^[8]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Krings, Taylor y Martin	Devónico temprano	Sílex de Rhynie	Reino Unido	Hongo de ubicación filogenética incierta, que muestra similitudes con las especies Macrochytrium ( Chytridiomycota ) y Blastocladiella ( Blastocladiomycota ). La especie tipo es T. annulifer .

Cnidarios

Investigación

Yunnanoascus haikouensis , que anteriormente se pensaba que era miembro de Ctenophora , es reinterpretado como un medusozoo del grupo de la corona por Han et al. (2016). ^[9]
Frankowiak et al. (2016) publican un estudio sobre los corales fósiles de los afloramientos del Triásico Tardío ( Noriano ) en la provincia de Antalya ( Turquía ), que indica que los corales vivían en simbiosis con algas dinoflageladas fotosintetizadoras . ^[10]

Nuevos taxones

Nombre	Novedad	Estado	Autores	Edad	Unidad	Ubicación	Notas
Afilum pachystele ^[11]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Munson y Jell	Silúrico ( Wenlock tardío )	Formación Jack	Australia	Un coral rugoso perteneciente a la familia Tryplasmatidae.
Aulokoninckophyllum potyi ^[12]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Somerville, Rodríguez y Said	Carbonífero	Cuenca de Azrou-Khenifra	Marruecos	Un coral aulado .
Axuolites higoensis ^[13]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Nico	Silúrico ( Ludlow )	Formación Fukami	Japón	Un coral tabulado perteneciente al orden Favositida y a la familia Coenitidae .
Bjarmia ^[14]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Grazhdankin	Ediacárico tardío (~550 Ma)	Formación Erga	Rusia	Organismo parecido a una medusa , posible pariente de las scyphomedusae . El género incluye la nueva especie B. cycloplerusa .
Byronia jaegeri^[15]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Vinn y otros.	Ordovícico ( Katian )		Estonia	Un posible escifozoo tecado .
Calceola collini ^[16]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Wright, Plusquellec y Gourvennec	Devónico ( Eifeliense )	Formación Saint-Fiacre	Francia	Un coral operculado perteneciente a la familia Calceolidae; una especie de Calceola .
Cambroctoconus coreaensis ^[17]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Parque y otros.	cambriano	Formación Daegi	Corea del Sur	Un tallo - cnidario .
Caninophyllum charli ^[18]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Denegador	Carbonífero ( Tournaisiano )	Formación Yılanlı	Pavo	Un coral rugoso perteneciente a la familia Bothrophyllidae; una especie de Caninophyllum .
Cistodactylon ^[19]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Denayer y Webb	Carbonífero ( Tournaisiano )	Formación Gudman	Australia	Un coral rugoso . El género incluye la nueva especie C. orbum .
Dokophyllum hillae ^[11]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Munson y Jell	Silúrico ( Ludfordiano )	Formación Jack	Australia	Un coral rugoso perteneciente a la familia Ketophyllidae.
Edaphophyllum zhaotongense ^[20]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Liao y Ma	Devónico ( Emsiano )		Porcelana	Un coral rugoso .
Eoaequorea ^[21]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Tang y otros.	Ediacárico	Formación Doushantuo	Porcelana	Miembro de Hydrozoa de ubicación filogenética incierta. La especie tipo es Eoaequorea xingi .
Eosiderastrea ^[22]	Gen. y comb. y 2 sp. nov.	Válido	Perdedor	Cretácico ( Valanginiano tardío a Santoniano )		Austria Francia Alemania Grecia Irán Italia Japón México Polonia España Ucrania Estados Unidos Uzbekistán	Coral pétreo perteneciente a la familia Siderastreidae . La especie tipo es " Siderastrea " cuyleri Wells (1932); el género también incluye " Phyllocoenia " cotteaui Orbigny (1850), " Diploastrea " crassa Kuzmicheva (1980), " Diploastrea " crassicostata Morycowa & Masse (1998), " Phyllocoenia " cyclops Felix (1891), " Confusastrea " dollfusi Prever (1909), " Confusastrea " felixi Prever (1909); "Stephanocoenia" grandipora Orbigny (1849), "Diploastrea" harrisi Wells (1932), "Diploastrea" hilli Wells (1933), " Montastraea " nagaoi Eguchi (1951), "Pleurocora" reussi Milne Edwards (1857), "Diplocoenia" splendida Prever (1909), "Diploastrea" vaughani Wells ( 1933) y "Plesiofavia" villaltai Reig Oriol (1991), así como nuevas especies E. paragrandipora Löser (2016) y E. stefani Löser (2016). ^[23]
Famastría ^[24]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Berkowski, Zapalski y Wrzołek	Devónico ( Fameniano )		Polonia	Coral perteneciente al grupo Rugosa y a la familia Campophyllidae . La especie tipo es Famastraea catenata .
Fomichevella najafi ^[25]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Badpa y otros.	Carbonífero ( Bashkirio )	Formación Sardar	Irán	Un miembro de Rugosa perteneciente al grupo Stauriida y a la familia Kleopatrinidae.
Gertholites haikawai ^[26]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Niko y Fujikawa	Carbonífero temprano	Grupo de piedra caliza de Akiyoshi	Japón	Un coral tabulado .
Gervifilo ^[16]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Wright, Plusquellec y Gourvennec	Devónico temprano (probablemente del final del Lochkoviense al comienzo del Pragiano )		Francia	Un coral operculado perteneciente a la familia Calceolidae; un nuevo género para "Calceola" gervillei Bayle (1878).
Gudmania ^[19]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Denayer y Webb	Carbonífero ( Tournaisiano )	Formación Gudman	Australia	Un coral rugoso . El género incluye la nueva especie G. darumbalae .
Heintzella fluegeli ^[25]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Badpa y otros.	Carbonífero ( Bashkirio )	Formación Sardar	Irán	Un miembro de Rugosa perteneciente al grupo Stauriida y a la familia Kleopatrinidae.
Kullingia rotadiscopsis ^[21]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Tang y otros.	Ediacárico	Formación Doushantuo	Porcelana	Un miembro de Hydrozoa de ubicación filogenética incierta; una especie de Kullingia .
Madrepora mitsukurii ^[27]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Niko, Suzuki y Taguchi	mioceno	Grupo Katsuta	Japón	Una madrépora .
Marekostragulum grafi ^[28]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Plusquellec, Galle y Franke	Devónico ( Emsiano )		Alemania	Un coral tabulado perteneciente a la familia Hyostragulidae.
Mesoconularia (?) lukesi ^[29]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Mergl, Ferrova y Frýda	Devónico ( Emsiano tardío )	Caliza Suchomasty	República Checa	Un miembro de Conulariida , posiblemente una especie de Mesoconularia .
?Michelinia vinni ^[30]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Zapalski, Berkowski y Wrzołek	Devónico ( Fameniano tardío )		Polonia	Un coral tabulado perteneciente a la familia Micheliniidae; posiblemente una especie de Michelinia .
Multicarinophyllum vepreculatum ^[11]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Munson y Jell	Silúrico ( Ludfordiano )	Formación Jack	Australia	Un coral rugoso perteneciente a la familia Amsdenoididae.
Oligophylloides maroccanus ^[31]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Weyer	Devónico ( Fameniano tardío )		Marruecos	Un miembro de Heterocorallia.
Paleosiderofungia ^[22]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Perdedor	Cretácico ( Aptiano a Santoniano )		Austria República Checa Francia Alemania Grecia Serbia	Un coral pétreo perteneciente a la familia Siderastreidae ; un nuevo género para " Thamnasteria " exigua Reuss (1854).
Parostragulo ^[28]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Plusquellec, Galle y Franke	Devónico ( Emsiano )		Alemania	Coral tabulado perteneciente a la familia Hyostragulidae. La especie tipo es P. problematicum .
Pleurodictyum goldfussi^[32]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Plusquellec y Franke	Devónico ( Emsiano )	Camas Wiltz	Alemania Luxemburgo	Un coral tabulado perteneciente al grupo Favositida y a la familia Micheliniidae.
Pleurodictyum pruemensis^[32]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Plusquellec y Franke	Devónico ( Emsiano )	Camas Wiltz	Alemania	Un coral tabulado perteneciente al grupo Favositida y a la familia Micheliniidae.
Potifilo ^[33]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Coen-Aubert	Devónico ( Frasniano tardío )		Bélgica República Checa Francia Alemania Polonia Rusia Reino Unido	Coral rugoso perteneciente a la familia Phillipsastreidae. La especie tipo es "Cyathophyllum" ananas Goldfuss (1826); El género también incluye "Pseudoacervularia" dybowskii Różkowska (1953), "Pseudoacervularia" intercellulosa (Phillips, 1841) sensu Pickett (1967), "Schlüteria" lyskovensis Ermakova (1957), " Acervularia " macrommata Roemer (1855), "Phillipsastrea" plantana Różkowska (1979), "Cyathophyllum" profundum Michelin (1845), "Phillipsastrea" rozkowskae Scrutton (1968), "Pseudoacervularia" cf. smithi (Różkowska, 1953) sensu Pickett (1967), "Phillipsastrea" ananas veserensis Coen-Aubert (1974) y "Phillipsastrea" zerda Galle, 1992 en Hladil et al. (1992).
Preisingerella ^[34]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Kossovaya, Novak y Weyer	Pérmico temprano		Eslovenia	Un coral similar a los miembros del género Caninia . La especie tipo es P. stegovnikensis .
Ptychophyllum variatum ^[11]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Munson y Jell	Silúrico ( Gorstiense tardío a Ludfordiano )	Formación Jack	Australia	Un coral rugoso perteneciente a la familia Ptychophyllidae.
Pycnostylus polyphyllodus ^[11]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Munson y Jell	Silúrico ( Wenlock tardío )	Formación Jack	Australia	Un coral rugoso perteneciente a la familia Pycnostylidae.
Sokolovia ^[35]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Homónimo junior	Tsyganko	Devónico tardío ( Fameniano )		Rusia ( República de Komi )	Coral tabulado perteneciente a la familia Pachyporidae. La especie tipo es Sokolovia pershinae . El nombre genérico es obra de Sokolovia Ilovaisky (1934) y Sokolovia Shishkinskaya (1964).
Espinaxón ^[36]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Weyer	Devónico ( Frasniano tardío )		Francia Alemania	Miembro de Rugosa perteneciente a la familia Petraiidae. La especie tipo es Spinaxon potyi .
Syringopora hilarowiczi ^[30]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Zapalski, Berkowski y Wrzołek	Devónico ( Fameniano tardío )		Polonia	Un coral tabulado perteneciente a la familia Syringoporidae ; una especie de Syringopora .
Syringopora kowalensis ^[30]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Zapalski, Berkowski y Wrzołek	Devónico ( Fameniano tardío )		Polonia	Un coral tabulado perteneciente a la familia Syringoporidae ; una especie de Syringopora .
Talfanía ^[37]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Peel y McDermott	Ordovícico ( Katian )	Formación de piedra caliza Sholeshook	Reino Unido	Un coral solitario . La especie tipo es Talfania calicula .
Thamnoptychia mistiaeni ^[30]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Zapalski, Berkowski y Wrzołek	Devónico ( Fameniano tardío )		Polonia	Un coral tabulado perteneciente a la familia Pachyporidae; una especie de Thamnoptychia .
Turbinolia (Turbinolia) deformis ^[38]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Berezovsky en Berezovsky y Berezovsky	Eoceno		Ucrania	Un coral pétreo .
Emendata de Turbinolia (Turbinolia) ^[38]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Berezovsky en Berezovsky y Berezovsky	Eoceno		Ucrania	Un coral pétreo .
Utaratuia yunnanensis ^[20]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Liao y Ma	Devónico ( Eifeliense )		Porcelana	Un coral rugoso .
Vassiljukia ^[39]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Denayer y Ogar	Carbonífero ( Viséano )		Turquía Ucrania	Un coral rugoso colonial ; un nuevo género para " Lithostrotion " columnariformis Vassiljuk (1960).
Vesicospina ^[11]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Munson y Jell	Silúrico ( Ludfordiano )	Formación Jack	Australia	Coral rugoso perteneciente a la familia Kyphophyllidae. La especie tipo es V. julli .
Vulijia ^[40]	Nombre. noviembre	Válido	Pasador	Ordovícico tardío		Mongolia	Un antozoo perteneciente a la superfamilia Heliolitoidea; un nombre de reemplazo para Concavites Bondarenko y Minzhin (1981).

Artrópodos

Briozoos

Nombre	Novedad	Estado	Autores	Edad	Unidad	Ubicación	Notas
Anisotrypa kjarkiensis ^[41]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Tolokonnikova	Carbonífero ( Tournaisiano )		Armenia	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Trepostomata y a la familia Anisotrypidae.
Beisselina skyscanica ^[42]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Koromyslova y Pakhnevich	Cretácico tardío ( Campaniano )		Bielorrusia	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Ascophora y a la familia Tessaradomidae ; una especie de Beisselina .
Celleporaria pirabasensis ^[43]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Muricy y otros.	Oligoceno-Mioceno	Formación Pirabas	Brasil	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cheilostomata y a la familia Lepraliellidae .
Celleporaria triangulavicularis ^[43]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Muricy y otros.	Oligoceno-Mioceno	Formación Pirabas	Brasil	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cheilostomata y a la familia Lepraliellidae .
Dybowskiella hupehensiformis ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Ernesto	Pérmico	Formación Zongba	Porcelana	Un miembro de Cystoporata perteneciente a la familia Fistuliporidae .
Discritella lii^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Ernesto	Pérmico	Formación Zongba	Porcelana	Un miembro de Trepostomata perteneciente a la familia Dystritellidae.
Ehrhardina ^[45]	Gen. y 2 sp. nov.	Válido ^[46]	Martha y Taylor	Cretácico tardío ( Cenomaniano )		Francia Alemania Reino Unido	Briozoo perteneciente al grupo Flustrina y a la familia Onychocellidae . La especie tipo es Ehrhardina voigti ; El género también incluye a Ehrhardina pikeae .
Eridotrypella danzikensis ^[47]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Tolokonnikova	Devónico ( Fameniano )		Azerbaiyán	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Trepostomata y a la familia Eridotrypellidae.
Etherella tibetensis ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Ernesto	Pérmico	Formación Zongba	Porcelana	Un miembro de Cystoporata perteneciente a la familia Etherellidae.
Fistulifragma moniliforme^[48]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Mesentseva	Devónico ( Emsiano )		Rusia	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cystoporida .
Fistuliphragma sibirica^[48]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Mesentseva	Devónico ( Emsiano )		Rusia	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cystoporida .
Fistulipora sakagamii ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Ernesto	Pérmico	Formación Zongba	China Tailandia	Un miembro de Cystoporata perteneciente a la familia Fistuliporidae .
Fistulipora salairiensis ^[48]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Mesentseva	Devónico ( Emsiano )		Rusia	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cystoporida .
Fascículo fistulíramo ^[48]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Mesentseva	Devónico ( Emsiano )		Rusia	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cystoporida .
Fistulocladia cincinnata ^[48]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Mesentseva	Devónico ( Emsiano )		Rusia	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cystoporida .
Margaretta amplipora ^[49]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Sonar y Gaikwad	Cenozoico		India	Un ascóforo perteneciente a la familia Margarettidae .
Margaretta Guhai ^[49]	Nombre. noviembre	Válido	Sonar y Gaikwad	Cenozoico		India	Un ascóforo perteneciente a la familia Margarettidae .
Margaretta hariparensis ^[49]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Sonar y Gaikwad	Cenozoico		India	Un ascóforo perteneciente a la familia Margarettidae .
Metastenodisco^[50]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Ernst, Schäfer y Grant-Mackie	Triásico tardío		Nueva Caledonia Nueva Zelanda	Un briozoo trepostoma . Un nuevo género para " Stenodiscus " zealandicus Schäfer & Grant-Mackie (1994) y "Stenodiscus" kawhiae Schäfer & Grant-Mackie (1994).
Nikiforopora arpaensis ^[41]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Tolokonnikova	Carbonífero ( Tournaisiano )		Azerbaiyán	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Trepostomata y a la familia Stenoporidae.
Pachydermopora grodnoensis ^[42]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Koromyslova y Pakhnevich	Cretácico tardío ( Campaniano )		Bielorrusia	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Ascophora y a la familia Tessaradomidae ; una especie de Pachydermopora .
Petalotrypa myunkhbalaensis ^[47]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Tolokonnikova	Devónico ( Fameniano )		Azerbaiyán	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Trepostomata .
Planicellaria walsariensis ^[51]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Sonar y Pawar	Cenozoico		India	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cheilostomata y a la familia Calloporidae .
Protoretepora irregular ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Ernesto	Pérmico	Formación Zongba	Porcelana	Un miembro de Fenestrata perteneciente a la familia Polyporidae.
Pyriporella charopadiiensis ^[51]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Sonar y Pawar	Cenozoico		India	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cheilostomata y a la familia Calloporidae .
Pyriporella vadsariensis ^[51]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Sonar y Pawar	Cenozoico		India	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cheilostomata y a la familia Calloporidae .
Rectifenestella famanniensis ^[47]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Tolokonnikova	Devónico ( Fameniano )		Azerbaiyán	Un briozoo perteneciente a la familia Fenestellidae .
Rectifenestella kadrluiensis ^[47]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Tolokonnikova	Devónico ( Fameniano )		Armenia	Un briozoo perteneciente a la familia Fenestellidae .
Stenophragmidium buckhornensis ^[52]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Ernst y otros.	Carbonífero ( Pensilvaniano )	Formación pantanosa	Estados Unidos ( Oklahoma )
Streblotrypa (Streblotrypa) heltzelae ^[52]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Ernst y otros.	Carbonífero ( Pensilvaniano )	Formación pantanosa	Estados Unidos ( Oklahoma )
Streblotrypa (Streblotrypa) parviformis ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Ernesto	Pérmico	Formación Zongba	Porcelana	Un miembro de Cryptostomata perteneciente a la familia Hyphasmoporidae.
Tabuliporella nakhichevanica ^[41]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Tolokonnikova	Carbonífero ( Tournaisiano )		Azerbaiyán	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Trepostomata y a la familia Crustoporidae.
Tibetiporella ^[44]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Ernesto	Pérmico	Formación Zongba	Porcelana	Miembro de Fenestrata perteneciente a la familia Polyporidae. La especie tipo es T. ornata .
Timanotrypa australis ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Ernesto	Pérmico	Formación Noonkanbah Caliza Rat Buri Formación Zongba	Australia China Tailandia	Un miembro de Cryptostomata perteneciente a la familia Timanodictyidae.
Zigzag pora^[53]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Wilson y Taylor	Ordovícico ( Sandia )	Formación de bromuro	Estados Unidos ( Oklahoma )	Briozoo ciclóstomo . El género incluye la nueva especie Z. wigleyensis .

Braquiópodos

Nombre	Novedad	Estado	Autores	Edad	Unidad	Ubicación	Notas
Acritosia ogamensis ^[54]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Tazawa y otros.	Pérmico temprano ( Kunguriense )	Formación Nabeyama	Japón
Acrosaccus scutatus ^[55]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Percival en Percival et al.	Ordovícico		Australia	Un miembro de Discinidae .
Alfaprotino ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero y Pérmico	Suite Holodninskaya	Rusia ( Krai de Krasnoyarsk )	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Spiriferoidea y a la familia Neospiriferidae. La especie tipo es "Tangshanella" byrangi Chernyak (1963); el género también incluye A. taimyrica (Einor, 1939).
Anathyris (Anathyris) calestiennensis ^[57]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Mottequin y otros.	Devónico ( Frasniano )	Formación Nismes	Bélgica
Angulispirifera ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	sinónimo de junior	Casa de agua	Pérmico		Australia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Trigonotretoidea y a la familia Georginakingiidae. La especie tipo es "Spirifer" phalaena Dana (1849). Lee et al. (2023) posteriormente consideraron que el género Angulispirifer era un sinónimo menor del género Sulciplica . ^[58]
Anisopleurella antiqua ^[59]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Popov, Kebriaee-Zadeh y Pour	Ordovícico ( Darriwiliano )	Formación Lashkarak	Irán	Un miembro de Strophomenida perteneciente a la familia Sowerbyellidae.
Anatolio anoskelidion ^[55]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Percival en Percival et al.	Ordovícico		Australia	Un miembro de Obolidae .
Apenosia ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Devónico (Frasniano)		Australia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Ambocoelioidea y a la familia Ladjiidae. La especie tipo es "Crurithyris" apena Veevers (1959).
Atansoria australis ^[55]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Percival en Percival et al.	Ordovícico		Australia	Un miembro de Obolidae .
Atryparia (Costatrypa) agricolae ^[60]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Halamski y Baliński en Baliński, Racki y Halamski	Devónico ( Frasniano )		Polonia	Un miembro de Atrypidae.
Aulacothyris maendlii ^[61]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Sulser	Jurásico medio ( Calloviano )		Suiza	Un miembro de Terebratulida perteneciente a la familia Zeilleriidae .
Aulacothyris waikatoensis ^[62]	noviembre esp.	Válido	MacFarlan	jurásico		Nueva Zelanda	Un miembro de Terebratulida .
Bellimurina fluctuosa ^[59]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Popov, Kebriaee-Zadeh y Pour	Ordovícico ( Darriwiliano )	Formación Lashkarak	Irán	Un miembro de Strophomenida perteneciente a la familia Strophomenidae.
Besnossoviella ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Cuenca de Kuznets	Rusia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Elythynoidea y a la familia Eomartiniopsidae. La especie tipo es "Eomartiniopsis" glaberiformis Besnossova (1963).
Biernatia pseudoplana ^[55]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Engelbretsen en Percival et al.	Ordovícico		Australia	Un miembro de Lingulata perteneciente a la familia Biernatiidae.
Biernatia wrighti ^[55]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Engelbretsen en Percival et al.	Ordovícico		Australia	Un miembro de Lingulata perteneciente a la familia Biernatiidae.
Biernatium menos ^[60]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Baliński en Baliński, Racki y Halamski	Devónico ( Frasniano )		Polonia	Un miembro de Mystrophoridae.
Bingleburria ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Bingleburra	Australia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Martinioidea y a la familia Brachythyridae. La especie tipo es Brachythyris elliptica Roberts (1963).
Biramus ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Homónimo junior	Casa de agua	Carbonífero		Rusia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Elitoidea y a la familia Condrathyridae. La especie tipo es "Phricodothyris" mosquensis Ivanova (1960). El nombre genérico es obra de Biramus Oswald (1993).
Buxtonia inexpletucosta ^[63]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Torres-Martínez y Sour-Tovar	Carbonífero ( Pensilvaniano medio )	Formación Ixtaltepec	México	Miembro de Productoidea.
Canalilato musculoso ^[64]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Percival, Engelbretsen y Peng	cambriano	Formación Huaqiao	Porcelana	Un braquiópodo lingulado perteneciente a la familia Zhanatellidae.
Carteriopsis ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero		Estados Unidos ( Illinois )	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Elythynoidea y a la familia Eomartiniopsidae. La especie tipo es "Eomartiniopsis" kinderhookensis Carter (1988).
Catatonaria ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico		Estados Unidos ( Texas )	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Elitoidea y a la familia Phricodothyridae. La especie tipo es "Neophricadothyris" catatona Cooper & Grant.
Centreplicato ^[65]	Gen. nov	Válido	Zeng, Zhang y Han en Zeng et al.	Ordovícico ( Hirnantiense )		Porcelana	Un miembro de Pentamerida perteneciente a la familia Pentameridae.
Cerasinella ^[66]	Nombre. noviembre	Válido	Cobre	Silúrico ( Llandovery )	Formación Merrimack	Canadá ( Quebec )	Un braquiópodo atripoide; un nombre de reemplazo para Cerasina Copper (1995) (preocupado).
Chapinella belkovskensis ^[67]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Baranov, Sokiran y Blodgett	Devónico ( Fameniano )	Formación Nerpalakhsk	Rusia ( República de Sakha )	Un miembro de Rhynchonellida perteneciente a la familia Pugnacidae.
Chilcatreta ^[68]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Lavié y Benedicto	Ordovícico ( Darriwiliano )	Formación San Juan	Argentina	Braquiópodo sifonotrétido. El género incluye la nueva especie C. tubulata .
Collinus ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	devoniano		Estados Unidos	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Cyrtioidea y a la familia Eospiriferidae. La especie tipo es "Spinella" talenti Johnson (1970).
Crickmayoria ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	devoniano		Canadá ( Alberta )	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la familia Mucrospiriferidae. La especie tipo es "Eleutherokomma" beardi Crickmay (1950).
Crispithyris ^[62]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	MacFarlan	jurásico		Nueva Zelanda	Miembro de Terebratulida . El género incluye la nueva especie C. nauarchus .
Cyrtina transcaucasica ^[69]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Gretchishnikova y Oleneva en Oleneva	Devónico ( Givetiano )		Azerbaiyán	Un miembro de Spiriferinida perteneciente a la familia Cyrtinidae.
Davidsonia enmerkaris ^[60]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Halamski en Baliński, Racki y Halamski	Devónico ( Frasniano )		Polonia	Un miembro de Davidsoniidae.
Dictyoclosto transverso^[63]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Torres-Martínez y Sour-Tovar	Carbonífero ( Pensilvaniano medio )	Formación Ixtaltepec	México	Miembro de Productoidea.
Disculina mancenidoi ^[62]	noviembre esp.	Válido	MacFarlan	jurásico		Nueva Zelanda	Un miembro de Terebratulida .
Dolerorthis nadruvensis^[70]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Paškevičius y consejos	Ordovícico ( Katian )		Lituania	Un miembro de Orthida perteneciente a la familia Hesperorthidae.
Dulankarella hyrcanica ^[59]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Popov, Kebriaee-Zadeh y Pour	Ordovícico ( Darriwiliano )	Formación Lashkarak	Irán	Un miembro de Strophomenida perteneciente a la familia Leptellinidae.
Dyoros (Lissosia) maya ^[71]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Torres-Martínez, Sour-Tovar & Barragán	Pérmico ( Leonardiano )	Formación Paso Hondo	México
Echinocoelia parva ^[60]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Baliński en Baliński, Racki y Halamski	Devónico ( Frasniano )		Polonia	Un miembro de Ambocoeliidae.
Engania ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Arenisca de Enga	Australia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Elythynoidea y a la familia Eomartiniopsidae. La especie tipo es "Eomartiniopsis" costata Roberts (1971).
Eochonetes maearum ^[72]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Bauer y Stigall	Ordovícico tardío		Estados Unidos ( Wyoming )
Eochonetes minerva ^[72]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Bauer y Stigall	Ordovícico tardío		Estados Unidos ( Texas )
Eochonetes voldemortus ^[72]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Bauer y Stigall	Ordovícico tardío	Formación de montaña del sábado	Estados Unidos ( Idaho )
Eoconulus puteus ^[55]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Engelbretsen en Percival et al.	Ordovícico		Australia	Un miembro de Lingulata perteneciente a la familia Eoconulidae.
Eolingularia ^[73]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Bitner y Emig	Carbonífero al Triásico		China Rusia España	Miembro de Lingulata perteneciente al grupo Lingulida y a la familia Lingulidae . La especie tipo es "Lingularia" siberica Biernat & Emig (1993).
Experimentación larga ^[64]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Percival, Engelbretsen y Peng	cambriano	Formación Huaqiao	Porcelana	Un miembro de Obolidae .
Flexaria magna ^[63]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Torres-Martínez y Sour-Tovar	Carbonífero ( Pensilvaniano medio )	Formación Ixtaltepec	México	Miembro de Productoidea.
Georginakingia aviculiformis ^[56]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico (Guadalupiano)	Formación Malbina	Australia	Un miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Trigonotretoidea y a la familia Georginakingiidae.
Gibbospirifer nazeri ^[56]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Ettrain	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Spiriferoidea y a la familia Spiriferidae.
Globiella kamiyassensis ^[74]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Tazawa	Pérmico ( Wordiano )		Japón
Glossella cuyanica ^[68]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Lavié y Benedicto	Ordovícico ( Darriwiliano )	Formación San Juan	Argentina
Gondwanorthis ^[75]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido ^[76]	Benedicto y Muñoz	Ordovícico temprano		Argentina Irán	Un braquiópodo plectortoide. Un nuevo género para "Nanorthis" calderensis Benedetto (2007); El género también incluye "Nanorthis" bastamensis Ghobadi Pour, Kebriaee-Zadeh & Popov (2011).
Gowanella ^[77]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Hiller	Cretácico tardío (probablemente Maastrichtiano )	Formación del río roto	Nueva Zelanda	Miembro de Terebratulida relacionado con Ostreathyris . La especie tipo es G. capralis .
Grandispirifer qaidamensis ^[78]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Lee, Shi y Chen en Shi et al.	Carbonífero ( Serpujoviense )	Formación Huaitoulata	Porcelana	Un miembro de Spiriferoidea perteneciente a la familia Spiriferidae.
Gretchispifera ^[69]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Oleneva	Devónico ( Emsiano – Eifeliano )	Formación Sharur	Azerbaiyán	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la familia Adolfiidae. La especie tipo es G. dagnensis .
Gundaria ^[79]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Angiolini y col.	Pérmico		Tayikistán	La especie tipo es G. insolita .
Harperoides ^[80]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Baranov y Blodgett	Devónico ( Pragiano )	Caliza de Soda Creek	Estados Unidos ( Alaska )	Miembro de Strophomenida perteneciente a la subfamilia Mesodouvillininae. La especie tipo es Harperoides alaskensis .
Hemileurus politus ^[79]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Angiolini y col.	Pérmico		Tayikistán
Holcothyris campbelli ^[62]	noviembre esp.	Válido	MacFarlan	jurásico		Nueva Zelanda	Un miembro de Terebratulida .
Huaitakithyris ^[56]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico (Changsingiano)	Formación Huai Tak	Tailandia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Elitoidea y a la familia Condrathyridae. La especie tipo es "Squamularia" postgrandis Waterhouse (1983).
Enomena de Hube ^[65]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Cuestionado	Zeng, Chen y Han en Zeng et al.	Ordovícico ( Hirnantiense )		Porcelana	Miembro de Strophomenida perteneciente a la familia Sinomenidae. El género incluye la nueva especie H. wangjiawanensis . Rong et al. (2019) lo consideraron un sinónimo menor de Coolinia . ^[81]
Hustedia shumardi ^[71]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Torres-Martínez, Sour-Tovar & Barragán	Pérmico ( Leonardiano )	Formación Paso Hondo	México
Inflatia coodzavuii ^[63]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Torres-Martínez y Sour-Tovar	Carbonífero (finales del Misisipiano , mediados del Pensilvánico )	Formación Ixtaltepec	México	Miembro de Productoidea.
Iridistrofia (Flabellistrofia) ^[82]	Subgen. et comb. sp. nov	Válido	Jansen	Devónico (finales del Emsiense hasta el Eifeliano )		Alemania Venezuela ?	Miembro de Chilidiopsidae ; un subgénero de Iridistrophia . La especie tipo es " Orthis " hipponyx Schnur (1851); el subgénero también incluye nuevas especies Iridistrophia (Flabellistrophia) musculosa y posiblemente también "Orthis" undifera Schnur (1853) e Iridistrophia dendritica Benedetto (1984).
Ishimia inflata ^[59]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Popov, Kebriaee-Zadeh y Pour	Ordovícico ( Darriwiliano )	Formación Lashkarak	Irán	Un miembro de Strophomenida perteneciente a la familia Leptellinidae.
Isograma nakamurai ^[74]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Tazawa	Pérmico ( Wordiano )		Japón
Jakutoproductus lenensis ^[83]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Makoshin	Pérmico temprano		Rusia
Jakutoproductus talchanensis ^[83]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Makoshin	Pérmico temprano		Rusia
Johnsononia ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Devónico (Eifeliense)		Estados Unidos ( Alaska )	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Ambocoelioidea y a la familia Ambocoeliidae. La especie tipo es "Verneuilia" langenstrasseni Blodgett & Johnson (1994).
Junglamia ^[56]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero (Kasimoviense) a Pérmico (Sakmariano)	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Choristitoidea y a la familia Palaeochoristitidae. La especie tipo es J. ursus .
Khaophrikia ^[56]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico (roadiano)	Caliza de Rat Buri	Tailandia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Elitoidea y a la familia Condrathyridae. La especie tipo es T. ratburiensis .
Kjaerina (Kjaerina) gondwanensis ^[84]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Colmenar	Ordovícico ( Sandiense tardío – Katiense )	Formación Gabiana Formación Glauzy Formación Louredo Formación Portixeddu	Francia Italia Portugal	Un braquiópodo estrofoménido rafinesquínido , una especie de Kjaerina .
Kjaerina (Villasina) ^[84]	Subgen. y 3 sp. y comb. nov.	Válido	Colmenar	Ordovícico ( Katian )	Formación Cavá Formación Gabiana Calizas Portilla de Luna Formación Portixeddu Formación Porto de Santa Anna Formación Punta Serpeddi Formación Rosan	Francia Italia Portugal España	Braquiópodo estrofoménido rafinesquínido , subgénero de Kjaerina . La especie tipo del subgénero es Kjaerina (Villasina) pedronaensis ; el subgénero también contiene "Hedstroemina" almadenensis Villas (1995), así como las nuevas especies Kjaerina (Villasina) meloui y Kjaerina (Villasina) pyrenaica .
Kletsia ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico (Artinskiano)	Formación Wandagee	Australia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Elitoidea y a la familia Toryniferidae. La especie tipo es "Spirelytha" miloradovichi Archbold & Thomas (1984).
Koneviella fuscina ^[64]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Percival, Engelbretsen y Peng	cambriano	Formación Huaqiao	Porcelana	Un braquiópodo lingulado perteneciente a la familia Zhanatellidae.
Espirifera de Krabi ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Ko Yao Noi	Tailandia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la familia Martiniidae. La especie tipo es Spinomartinia prolifica Waterhouse (1981).
Kutchithyris challinori ^[62]	noviembre esp.	Válido	MacFarlan	jurásico		Nueva Zelanda	Un miembro de Terebratulida .
Kutchithiris waitomoensis ^[62]	noviembre esp.	Válido	MacFarlan	jurásico		Nueva Zelanda	Un miembro de Terebratulida .
Lagunas de Jaroslavi ^[85]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Mergl y Kraft	Ordovícico temprano	Formación Klabava	República Checa	Un braquiópodo paternalizado.
Lampazarorthis ^[75]	Gen. y comb. y sp. nov.	Válido ^[76]	Benedicto y Muñoz	Ordovícico temprano		Argentina	Un braquiópodo plectortoide. Un nuevo género para "Eoorthis" bifurcata Harrington (1937); El género también incluye la braquimia "Nanorthis" Benedetto en Benedetto & Carrasco (2002), así como la nueva especie Lampazarorthis alata .
Lepidomena multiplicata ^[59]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Popov, Kebriaee-Zadeh y Pour	Ordovícico ( Darriwiliano )	Formación Lashkarak	Irán	Un miembro de Strophomenida perteneciente a la familia Leptellinidae.
Leptathyris gornensis ^[60]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Baliński en Baliński, Racki y Halamski	Devónico ( Frasniano )		Polonia	Un miembro de Athyrididae.
Liaous ^[86]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Él y Chen en He et al.	Triásico medio ( Anisiano temprano )	Formación Xinyuan	Porcelana	Un pariente de Mentzelia y Paramentzelia . La especie tipo es Liaous shaiwensis .
Loboidothyris awakinoensis ^[62]	noviembre esp.	Válido	MacFarlan	jurásico		Nueva Zelanda	Un miembro de Terebratulida .
Loboidothyris grantmackiei ^[62]	noviembre esp.	Válido	MacFarlan	jurásico		Nueva Zelanda	Un miembro de Terebratulida .
Loboidothyris marokopaensis ^[62]	noviembre esp.	Válido	MacFarlan	jurásico		Nueva Zelanda	Un miembro de Terebratulida .
Longiusculo ^[56]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero (Viséano)		Japón	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Paeckelmanelloidea y a la familia Strophopleuridae. La especie tipo es L. yanagidai .
Lyonia rochacamposi ^[87]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Taboada y otros.	Pérmico temprano ( Asseliano tardío - Sakmariano temprano )	Formación Taciba	Brasil	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la familia Auriculispinidae, una especie de Lyonia .
Mandageryia ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	devoniano	Formación del Parque Mandagery	Australia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Delthyroidea y a la familia Xenomartiniidae. La especie tipo es "Quadrathyris robusta" molongensis Savage (1969), elevada al rango de especie M. molongensis .
Mendocinotreta ^[88]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Holmer y otros.	Ordovícico	Caliza del Valle Antílope Formación Lindero	Argentina Estados Unidos ( Nevada )	Miembro de Acrotretida perteneciente a la familia Acrotretidae . La especie tipo es "Conotreta" devota Krause & Rowell (1975).
Mesoleptostrophia belli ^[89]	noviembre esp.	Válido	oreja	Devónico temprano	Formación de la Cabaña Monty	Australia
Minatodina ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	devoniano		Bélgica	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Reticularioidea y a la familia Thomasariidae. La especie tipo es "Spirifer" maureri Holzapfel ( 1896 ).
Miniespinusuria ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Bingleburra	Australia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Reticularioidea y a la familia Reticulariidae. La especie tipo es "Thomasaria" voiseyi Roberts ( 1963 ).
Minutella bulgarica ^[90]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Bitner y Motchurova-Dekova	Mioceno (Badeniano)		Bulgaria
Minutomena ^[65]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Zeng, Zhang y Han en Zeng et al.	Ordovícico ( Hirnantiense )		Porcelana	Miembro de la familia Strophomenidae. El género incluye la nueva especie M. yichangensis .
Minuto de esto ^[65]	Gen. nov	Válido	Zeng, Chen y Zhang en Zeng et al.	Ordovícico ( Hirnantiense )		Porcelana	Un miembro de Orthida perteneciente a la familia Toxorthidae.
Monelasmina montisjosephi ^[60]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Baliński en Baliński, Racki y Halamski	Devónico ( Frasniano )		Polonia	Un miembro de Draboviidae.
Nasakia^[91]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Streng y col.	cambriano	Formación Henson Gletscher	Tierra Verde	Miembro de Rhynchonelliformea perteneciente a la clase Obolellata y al orden Naukatida . La especie tipo es Nasakia thulensis .
Nevadospirifera ^[56]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	devoniano		Estados Unidos ( Nevada )	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Hysterolitoidea y a la familia Howellellidae. La especie tipo es N. pulchrum .
Numéricoma rowelli ^[88]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Holmer y otros.	Ordovícico ( Darriwiliano )	Caliza del valle Antelope Formación Ponon Trehue	Argentina Estados Unidos ( Nevada )	Un miembro de Lingulata perteneciente a la familia Ephippelasmatidae.
Nushbiella kleithria ^[55]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Percival en Percival et al.	Ordovícico		Australia	Un miembro de Lingulata perteneciente a la familia Siphonotretidae .
Obliquorhynchia ^[92]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Schrøder, Lauridsen y Surlyk	Paleoceno ( Daniano )	Formación Faxe Formación Vigny	Dinamarca Francia Suecia	Un miembro de Rhynchonellida perteneciente a la superfamilia Pugnacoidea y a la familia Basiliolidae ; un nuevo género para " Terebratula " flustracea von Buch (1834).
Orthis dehmollaensis^[59]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Popov, Kebriaee-Zadeh y Pour	Ordovícico ( Darriwiliano )	Formación Lashkarak	Irán	Un miembro de Orthida perteneciente a la familia Orthidae .
Paramirorthis ^[65]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Cuestionado	Zeng, Wang y Peng en Zeng et al.	Ordovícico ( Hirnantiense )		Porcelana	Miembro de la familia Dalmanellidae. El género incluye la nueva especie P. minuta . Rong et al. (2019) lo consideraron un sinónimo menor de Mirorthis . ^[81]
Paraspirifer (Laurentispirifer) ^[82]	Subgen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Jansen	Devónico medio		Estados Unidos Venezuela	Subgénero de Paraspirifer . La especie tipo es Paraspirifer conradi Godefroid & Fagerstrom (1983); el subgénero también incluye "Delthyris" acuminata Conrad (1839), " Terebratula " acuminatissima de Castelnau (1843), " Spirifer " bownockeri Stewart (1927), Paraspirifer halli Godefroid & Fagerstrom (1983) y Paraspirifer clarkei Godefroid & Fagerstrom (1983).
Paraspirifer (Mosellospirifer) ^[82]	Subgen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Jansen	Devónico (finales del Emsiense hasta principios del Eifeliense)		Alemania , Canadá , China	Subgénero de Paraspirifer . La especie tipo es Paraspirifer sandbergeri Solle (1971); el subgénero también incluye a Spirifer auriculatus Sandberger & Sandberger (1856), Paraspirifer sandbergeri longimargo Solle (1971) (elevada al rango de especie), Paraspirifer eos Solle (1971) y Paraspirifer sandbergeri nepos Solle (1971). El subgénero también podría incluir a Paraspirifer gigantea Su (1976) y Paraspirifer desbiensi Bizzarro & Lespérance (1999).
Parazhanatella ^[64]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Percival, Engelbretsen y Peng	cambriano	Formación Huaqiao	Porcelana	Braquiópodo lingulado perteneciente a la familia Zhanatellidae. La especie tipo es P. paibia .
Pedrería ^[80]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Baranov y Blodgett	Devónico ( Pragiano )	Caliza de Soda Creek	Estados Unidos ( Alaska )	Miembro de Rhynchonellida perteneciente a la familia Pygmaellidae. La especie tipo es Pedderia fragosa .
Phragmorthis shahrudensis ^[59]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Popov, Kebriaee-Zadeh y Pour	Ordovícico ( Darriwiliano )	Formación Lashkarak	Irán	Un miembro de Orthida perteneciente a la familia Phragmorthidae.
Pliconodoso ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Silúrico		Suecia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Hysterolitoidea y a la familia Costispiriferidae. La especie tipo es "Spirifer" schmidti Lindstrom (1861).
Poltaevina ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero		Irlanda Reino Unido	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Paeckelmanelloidea y a la familia Pterospiriferidae. La especie tipo es "Spirifera" rhomboidea Phillips (1836); el género también incluye "Spirifer" distans Sowerby (1825).
Pristinus ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Branch Creek	Australia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Spiriferoidea y a la familia Spiriferidae. La especie tipo es "Neospirifer" pristinus Maxwell (1951).
Prospira pseudostruniana ^[93]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Mottequin y Brice	Devónico ( Fameniano tardío )	Formación de refuerzo	Francia	Un miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la familia Spiriferidae.
Psigmakantha ^[55]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Percival en Percival et al.	Ordovícico		Australia	Miembro de Lingulata perteneciente a la familia Ephippelasmatidae. La especie tipo es P. malachiensis .
Pulvinoconcha ^[56]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Cherry Canyon	Estados Unidos ( Texas )	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Elythynoidea y a la familia Eomartiniopsidae. La especie tipo es P. getaway .
Punctospirifer gerankalasus ^[69]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Oleneva	Carbonífero ( Tournaisiano )		Azerbaiyán	Un miembro de Spiriferinida perteneciente a la familia Punctospiriferidae.
Espirifera qaidamospirifera ^[78]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Chen, Lee y Shi en Shi et al.	Carbonífero ( Serpujoviense )	Formación Huaitoulata	Porcelana	Miembro de Spiriferoidea perteneciente a la familia Choristitidae. La especie tipo es Q. elongatus .
Radinovía ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	devoniano	Formación Bingleburra	Canadá ( Alberta )	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Theodossioidea y a la familia Theodossiidae. La especie tipo es "Vandergrachtella" radina Crickmay (1953).
Rafinesquina (Mesogeina) ^[84]	Subgen. y comb. y 2 sp. nov.	Válido	Colmenar	Ordovícico ( Katian )	Formación Bohdalec Formación Fombuena Formación Gabian Formación Ktaoua Inferior Formación Porto de Santa Anna Formación Tiouririne Superior Formación Zahorany	República Checa Francia Alemania Marruecos Portugal España	Braquiópodo estrofoménido rafinesquínido , un subgénero de Rafinesquina . La especie tipo del subgénero es " Leptaena " pseudoloricata Barrande (1848); el subgénero también incluye Rafinesquina pomoides Havlíček (1971), así como las nuevas especies Rafinesquina (Mesogeina) gabianensis y Rafinesquina (Mesogeina) loredensis .
Rhipidomella magna ^[74]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Tazawa	Pérmico ( Wordiano )		Japón
Rogorthis oriens ^[59]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Popov, Kebriaee-Zadeh y Pour	Ordovícico ( Darriwiliano )	Formación Lashkarak	Irán	Un miembro de Orthida perteneciente a la familia Orthidae .
Sampo suduvensis ^[70]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Paškevičius y consejos	Ordovícico tardío		Lituania Rusia ( Óblast de Kaliningrado )	Un miembro de Strophomenida perteneciente a la familia Leptestiidae.
Sartenaerirhynchus ^[82]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Jansen	Devónico ( Siegenio medio a Emsiense tardío )		Bélgica Alemania Luxemburgo	Miembro de Rhynchonellida perteneciente a la superfamilia Uncinuloidea. La especie tipo es " Terebratula " antiqua Schnur (1853); el género también incluye " Uncinulus " frontecostatus Drevermann (1902)
Escafelasma cuadrado ^[55]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Engelbretsen en Percival et al.	Ordovícico		Australia	Un miembro de Lingulata perteneciente a la familia Scaphelasmatidae.
Esquizocrania equestra ^[94]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Mergl y Nolčová	Ordovícico ( Katian )	Formación Bohdalec	República Checa	Un miembro de Discinoidea perteneciente a la familia Trematidae .
Septaliphoria felberi ^[61]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Sulser	Jurásico medio ( Calloviano )		Suiza	Un miembro de Rhynchonellida perteneciente a la superfamilia Hemithiridoidea y a la familia Cyclothyrididae.
Septimusia ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Caliza Septimus	Australia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Choristitoidea y a la familia Choristitidae. La especie tipo es "Tangshanella" fasciculatia Roberts (1971).
Siberioproductus ^[67]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Baranov, Sokiran y Blodgett	Devónico ( Fameniano )	Formación Chekursk	Rusia ( República de Sakha )	Miembro de Rhynchonelliformea perteneciente al grupo Productida y a la familia Productellidae. La especie tipo es S. boreus .
Sinómenos ^[65]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Cuestionado	Zeng, Chen y Han en Zeng et al.	Ordovícico ( Hirnantiense )		Porcelana	Miembro de Strophomenida perteneciente a la familia Sinomenidae. El género incluye la nueva especie S. typica . Rong et al. (2019) lo consideraron un sinónimo menor de Eostropheodonta . ^[81]
Skenidioides cretus^[60]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Halamski en Baliński, Racki y Halamski	Devónico ( Frasniano )		Polonia	Un miembro de Skenidiidae .
Espinobolo ^[95]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Zhang y otros.	cambriano	Formación Shuijingtuo	Porcelana	Braquiópodo linnguloideo . La especie tipo es Spinobolus popovi .
Spirelytha svartevaegensis ^[56]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico		Canadá ( Nunavut )	Un miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Elitoidea y a la familia Toryniferidae.
Suzannaria ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Devónico (Givetiano, posiblemente Frasniano)		Australia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Ambocoelioidea y a la familia Rhynchospiriferidae. La especie tipo es "Tingella" suchana Veevers (1959).
Tapongaspirifera ^[89]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	oreja	Devónico temprano	Formación de la Cabaña Monty	Australia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la familia Filispiriferidae. La especie tipo es Tapongaspirifer melodiae .
Espirifera de Tasmano ^[56]^[58]	Gen. y sp. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Caliza Berriedale	Australia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Trigonotretoidea y a la familia Georginakingiidae. La especie tipo es T. clarkei ; el género también incluye a "Spirifer" tasmaniensis Morris ( 1845 ).
Taungurungetes ^[89]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	oreja	Devónico temprano	Formación Montys Hut Arenisca Norton Gully	Australia	Un posible miembro de Devonochonetinae. La especie tipo es " Chonetes " taggertyensis Gill (1945) de la Formación Montys Hut; el género también contiene una segunda especie sin nombre de la Arenisca Norton Gully.
Tegulospirifer ogilvieensis ^[56]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Ettrain	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Spiriferoidea y a la familia Spiriferidae.
Terebratulina leeae^[62]	noviembre esp.	Válido	MacFarlan	jurásico		Nueva Zelanda	Un miembro de Terebratulida .
Terebratulina putiensis^[62]	noviembre esp.	Válido	MacFarlan	jurásico		Nueva Zelanda	Un miembro de Terebratulida .
Thaerodonta notable ^[96]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Paškevičius	Ordovícico ( Katian )	Formación Kaimynai	Lituania
Thulatrypa ^[97]	Gen. y sp. y comb. nov.	Válido	Huang y otros.	Silúrico		China Noruega	Braquiópodo atripoide . La especie tipo es Thulatrypa gregaria ; el género también contiene "Meifodia" orientalis. Rong, Xu y Yang (1974).
Tomteluva ^[91]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Streng y col.	cambriano	Formación Stephen	Canadá ( Columbia Británica )	Miembro de Rhynchonelliformea perteneciente a la clase Obolellata y al orden Naukatida . La especie tipo es Tomteluva perturbata .
Trentingula ^[98]	Gen. y 3 sp. y comb. nov.	Válido	Posenación	Pérmico tardío y Triásico temprano		Hungría Italia Estados Unidos ( Wyoming )	Miembro de Linguloidea perteneciente a la familia Lingulidae . La especie tipo es T. lorigae ; el género también incluye nuevas especies como T. mazzinensis y T. prinothi , así como Trentingula borealis (Bittner, 1899).
Triangulospirífera ^[78]	Nombre. noviembre	Válido	Lee en Shi et al.	Carbonífero		Reino Unido	Miembro de Spiriferida . Nombre que reemplaza a Triangularia Poletaev (2001).
Trimena ^[65]	Gen. nov	Válido	Zeng, Wang y Peng en Zeng et al.	Ordovícico ( Hirnantiense )		Porcelana	Un miembro de Plectambonitoidea perteneciente a la familia Xenambonitidae.
Triramo ^[56]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico (Asseliano)	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Elitoidea y a la familia Condrathyridae. La especie tipo es T. canadensis .
Vasculitis ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Ko Yao Noi	Tailandia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Trigonotretoidea y a la familia Angiospiriferidae. La especie tipo es "Brachythyrina" boonlomi Waterhouse (2004).
Veeversaria ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Devónico (Frasniano)		Australia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Ambocoelioidea y a la familia Ladjiidae. La especie tipo es "Emanuella" torrida Veevers (1959).
Waddingtonia ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	devoniano	Formación Delorme	Canadá ( Yukón )	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Reticularioidea y a la familia Reticulariidae. La especie tipo es "Reticulariopsis" warreni Perry ( 1984 ).
Producto weberiano ^[63]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Torres-Martínez y Sour-Tovar	Carbonífero ( Pensilvaniano medio )	Formación Ixtaltepec	México	Miembro de Productoidea. El género incluye la nueva especie W. donajiae .
Espiral de Wenjukov ^[69]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Oleneva	Devónico ( Fameniano )		Rusia	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la familia Cyrtospiriferidae . La especie tipo es " Spirifer " koscharicus Ljaschenko (1959); el género también incluye " Spirifer " archiaci Murchison (1840), " Spirifer " brodi Wenjukov (1886) y W. lebedjanicus (Nalivkin, 1947).
Xysticaria ^[56]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación de la Montaña Catedral	Estados Unidos ( Texas )	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Elythynoidea y a la familia Eomartiniopsidae. La especie tipo es "Rallacosta" xystica Cooper & Grant (1976).
Yichangomena ^[65]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Cuestionado	Zeng, Zhang y Han en Zeng et al.	Ordovícico ( Hirnantiense )		Porcelana	Miembro de Strophomenida perteneciente a la familia Sinomenidae. El género incluye la nueva especie Y. dingjiapoensis . Rong et al. (2019) lo consideraron un sinónimo menor de Eostropheodonta . ^[81]
Zeilleria opuatiaensis ^[62]	noviembre esp.	Válido	MacFarlan	jurásico		Nueva Zelanda	Un miembro de Terebratulida .
Zeilleria waiohipaensis ^[62]	noviembre esp.	Válido	MacFarlan	jurásico		Nueva Zelanda	Un miembro de Terebratulida .

Moluscos

Equinodermos

Nombre	Novedad	Estado	Autores	Edad	Unidad	Ubicación	Notas
Alternocidaris ^[99]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	El Qot, Abdelhamid y Abdelghany	Cretácico tardío ( Cenomaniano , posiblemente Turoniano )		Egipto	Erizo de mar perteneciente al grupo Camarodonta y a la familia Glyphocyphidae . La especie tipo es "Tiaridia" weldoni Fourtau (1921).
Aplinocrino russelli ^[100]	noviembre esp.	Válido ^[101]	Vendaval	Cretácico tardío ( Maastrichtiano )	Formación Prairie Bluff	Estados Unidos ( Misisipi )	Un crinoideo perteneciente al grupo Articulata y a la familia Saccocomidae.
Apsidocrinus doreckae ^[102]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Konieczyński, Pisera y Fózy	Cretácico temprano		Hungría	Un crinoideo citocrinido , una especie de Apsidocrinus .
Arabodiadema ^[103]	Gen. y comb. y sp. nov.	Válido	Abdelhamid, El Qot y Abdelghany	Cretácico (Albiano a Cenomaniano)		Omán Emiratos Árabes Unidos	Erizo de mar heterodiademátido . La especie tipo es "Trochodiadema" dhofarense Roman (1991); el género también incluye la nueva especie Arabicodiadema alii .
Atalopegastro ^[104]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Blake y Guensburg	Jurásico tardío ( Oxfordiano )	Formación rápida	Estados Unidos ( Montana )	Estrella de mar perteneciente a la familia Stichasteridae . La especie tipo es A. gundersoni .
Bystrowicrinus (col.) depressus ^[105]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Donovan y Keighley	Silúrico tardío	Formación de West Point	Canadá ( Quebec )	Un crinoideo .
Calliderma lindneri ^[106]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Niebuhr y Seibertz	Cretácico tardío ( Turoniense )	Formación Schmilka	Alemania	Una estrella de mar perteneciente a la familia Goniasteridae , una especie de Calliderma .
Carolina del Norte ^[107]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Osborn, Mooi y Ciampaglio	Eoceno	Piedra caliza del castillo de Hayne	Estados Unidos ( Carolina del Norte )	Erizo de corazón perteneciente a la familia Prenasteridae . El género incluye la nueva especie C. varnami .
Comptoniaster michaelisi ^[106]^[108]	Nombre. noviembre	Válido	Niebuhr y Seibertz	Cretácico tardío ( Turoniense medio a Coniaciense medio )		República Checa Alemania Polonia	Una estrella de mar perteneciente a la familia Goniasteridae ; un nombre de reemplazo para Asterias schulzii Cotta sensu Roemer (1840, 1841).
Costatocrino ^[100]	Gen. y 2 sp. nov.	Válido ^[101]	Vendaval	Cretácico tardío ( Campaniano )	Formación Taylor	Reino Unido Estados Unidos ( Texas )	Crinoideo perteneciente al grupo Articulata y a la familia Saccocomidae. La especie tipo es C. brydonei ; el género también incluye a C. mortimorei .
Cultellacrinus ^[100]	Gen. y 2 sp. nov.	Válido ^[101]	Vendaval	Cretácico tardío		Suecia Reino Unido	Crinoideo perteneciente al grupo Articulata y a la familia Roveacrinidae. La especie tipo es C. gladius ; el género también incluye a C. labyrinthus .
Cunidentechinus ^[109]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Herrero	Jurásico temprano		Reino Unido	Un erizo de mar de tallo carináceo ; un nuevo género para " Echinus " minutus Buckman en Murchison (1845).
Darwinaster ^[110]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Cazador, Rushton y Stone	Devónico temprano	Formación de la bahía Fox	Islas Malvinas	Estrella frágil emparentada con miembros del género Protaster . El género incluye la nueva especie D. coleenbiggsae .
Echinolampas andalusiensis ^[107]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Osborn, Mooi y Ciampaglio	Eoceno	Formación de la sucursal de Moody's	Estados Unidos ( Alabama )	Un erizo de mar perteneciente a la familia Echinolampadidae .
Lámparas de twitchelli ^[107]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Osborn, Mooi y Ciampaglio	Eoceno	Caliza Santee	Estados Unidos ( Carolina del Sur )	Un erizo de mar perteneciente al grupo Cassiduloida .
Gliptocrino nodoso^[111]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Kallmeyer y Ausich	Ordovícico ( Katian )	Formación Kope	Estados Unidos ( Kentucky Ohio )	Un crinoideo camerado , una especie de Glyptocrinus .
Goniopygus macrotuberculatus ^[99]	noviembre esp.	Válido	El Qot, Abdelhamid y Abdelghany	Cretácico tardío ( Cenomaniano )	Formación Raha	Egipto	Un erizo de mar perteneciente al grupo Arbacioida y a la familia Acropeltidae.
Goniopygus subaequalis ^[99]	noviembre esp.	Válido	El Qot, Abdelhamid y Abdelghany	Cretácico tardío ( Cenomaniano )	Formación Raha	Egipto	Un erizo de mar perteneciente al grupo Arbacioida y a la familia Acropeltidae.
Haimea brooksi ^[107]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Osborn, Mooi y Ciampaglio	Eoceno	Caliza de Ocala	Estados Unidos ( Florida )	Un erizo de mar perteneciente al grupo Oligopygoida .
Hessicrino ^[100]	Gen. y 2 sp. nov.	Válido ^[101]	Vendaval	Cretácico tardío ( Campaniano )		Reino Unido	Crinoideo perteneciente al grupo Articulata y a la familia Roveacrinidae. La especie tipo es H. filigree ; el género también incluye a H. scalaensis .
Hiiumaacrinus ^[112]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Ausich y Wilson	Silúrico ( Rhuddaniano )	Formación Hilliste	Estonia	Un crinoideo . El género incluye la nueva especie H. vinni .
Jakeocrino ^[100]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido ^[101]	Vendaval	Cretácico tardío ( Campaniano temprano )	Formación Taylor	Estados Unidos ( Texas )	Crinoideo perteneciente al grupo Articulata y a la familia Roveacrinidae. La especie tipo es J. ellisensis .
Lakotacrino ^[113]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Hunter y otros.	Cretácico tardío ( Campaniano )	Pierre Shale	Estados Unidos ( Dakota del Sur )	Un crinoideo peciolado . La especie tipo es L. brezinai .
Lehmannaster ^[114]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Blake, Guensburg y Lefebvre	Ordovícico ( Darriwiliense tardío )	Formación Traveusot	Francia	Un asterozoo estenuroideo . El género incluye la nueva especie L. spinosus .
Lopidiaster ^[114]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Blake, Guensburg y Lefebvre	Ordovícico ( Floiano )	Formación de la ciudad jardín	Estados Unidos ( Utah )	Un asterozoo estenoideo . El género incluye la nueva especie L. jamisoni .
Loriolidiadema ^[103]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Abdelhamid, El Qot y Abdelghany	Cretácico (Aptiano-Cenomaniano)		Egipto Portugal Región fronteriza entre Siria y Líbano	Un erizo de mar heterodiademátido . La especie tipo es "Pseudodiadema" libanticum de Loriol (1887); El género también incluye Loriolidiadema sculptile (de Loriol, 1887).
Lucernacrino ^[100]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido ^[101]	Vendaval	Cretácico tardío		Reino Unido	Crinoideo perteneciente al grupo Articulata y a la familia Roveacrinidae. La especie tipo es L. woodi .
Maennilocystis ^[115]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Pablo y Rozhnov	Ordovícico tardío		Estonia	Cistoides pertenecientes a la familia Callocystitidae. La especie tipo es M. heckeri .
Manfredaster praebulbiferus ^[106]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Niebuhr y Seibertz	Cretácico tardío ( Cenomaniano a Coniaciense )	Formación Dölzschen Formación Schrammstein Formación Strehlen	Alemania	Una estrella de mar perteneciente al grupo Valvatida y a la familia Stauranderasteridae.
Mariania comaschicariae ^[116]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Stara, Borghi y Kroh	Mioceno ( Aquitano a principios del Burdigaliense )	Formación Nurallao	Italia	Un erizo de corazón perteneciente a la superfamilia Spatangoidea, una especie de Mariania .
Mariania stefaninii ^[116]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Stara, Borghi y Kroh	Mioceno (finales del Burdigaliense a principios del Langhiano )	Formación Pantano	Italia	Un erizo de corazón perteneciente a la superfamilia Spatangoidea, una especie de Mariania .
Meturaster ^[114]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Blake, Guensburg y Lefebvre	Ordovícico ( Darriwiliense medio )	Formación Lehman	Estados Unidos ( Nevada )	Una estrella de mar . El género incluye la nueva especie M. belli .
Monophoraster telfordi ^[117]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Mooi, Martínez & del Río	Mioceno temprano	Formación Chenque	Argentina	Un dólar de arena .
Nucleolitos utilizados ^[118]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Forner i Valls	Cretácico temprano ( Barremiano )	Formación Artoles	España	Un erizo de mar .
Osteocrinus sinensis ^[119]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Hess, Etter y Hagdorn	Triásico tardío ( Carniense temprano )	Formación Xiaowa	Porcelana	Un crinoideo perteneciente al grupo Roveacrinida, una especie de Osteocrinus .
Pentamerocrinus kosovi ^[120]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Rozhnov	Ordovícico		Rusia ( Óblast de Leningrado )	Un crinoideo perteneciente al grupo Inadunata , una especie de Pentamerocrinus .
Petraster crozonensis^[114]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Blake, Guensburg y Lefebvre	Ordovícico (principios del Katiense )	Formación Kermeur	Francia	Una estrella de mar .
Phyllocrinus bersekensis ^[102]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Konieczyński, Pisera y Fózy	Cretácico temprano		Hungría	Un crinoideo citocrinido , una especie de Phyllocrinus .
Placentinechinus ^[121]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido ^[122]	Borghi y Garilli	Pleistoceno ( Gelasiano – Calabrés )		Italia	A sea urchin belonging to the family Temnopleuridae. The type species is P. davolii.
Plagiochasma saurai^[118]	Sp. nov	Valid	Forner i Valls	Early Cretaceous (Barremian)	Artoles Formation	Spain	A sea urchin.
Platelicrinus longispinus^[100]	Sp. nov	Valid^[101]	Gale	Late Cretaceous		United Kingdom	A crinoid belonging to the group Articulata and the family Roveacrinidae.
Protaeropsis^[123]	Nom. nov	Valid	Doweld	Paleocene (Thanetian)		Spain	A heart urchin; a replacement name for Sphenaster Jeffery in Smith et al. (1999).
Protaxocrinus estoniensis^[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ausich & Wilson	Silurian (Rhuddanian)	Hilliste Formation	Estonia	A crinoid.
Pseudomilnia^[109]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Smith	Middle Jurassic		France United Kingdom	A salenioidan sea urchin; a new genus for "Acrosalenia" miliaria Paris (1908).
Sagittacrinus^[100]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[101]	Gale	Late Cretaceous (early Campanian)	Taylor Formation	United Kingdom United States ( Texas)	A crinoid belonging to the group Articulata and the family Saccocomidae. The type species is S. torpedo.
Salenia buddyi^[107]	Sp. nov	Valid	Osborn, Mooi & Ciampaglio	Eocene	Santee Limestone	United States ( South Carolina)	A sea urchin belonging to the group Salenioida.
Schuchertia sprinklei^[114]	Sp. nov	Valid	Blake, Guensburg & Lefebvre	Ordovician (Dapingian)	Kanosh Shale	United States ( Utah)	A starfish.
Stellacrinus^[100]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid^[101]	Gale	Late Cretaceous (Santonian and Campanian)	Gulpen Formation Taylor Formation Vaals Formation	Netherlands Sweden United Kingdom United States ( Texas)	A crinoid belonging to the group Articulata and the family Roveacrinidae. The type species is S. hugesae; genus also includes S. pannosus.
Stomechinus phillipsii^[109]	Sp. nov	Valid	Smith	Jurassic		United Kingdom	A sea urchin.
Thinocrinus akanthos^[124]	Sp. nov	Valid	Rhenberg, Ausich & Meyer	Carboniferous (Mississippian)	Fort Payne Formation	United States ( Kentucky)	A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Monobathrida and the family Actinocrinitidae.
Trochotiara aalensis^[109]	Sp. nov	Valid	Smith	Middle Jurassic		United Kingdom	A sea urchin.
Wrightechnus^[109]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Smith	Middle Jurassic		France United Kingdom	A sea urchin, possibly a stem-salenioidan; a new genus for "Acrosalenia" lycetti Wright (1851).

Conodonts

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Amydrotaxis corniculans truncus^[125]	Subsp. nov	Valid	Mathieson et al.	Early Devonian	Mountain Dam Limestone	Australia	A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae.
Cypricriodus^[126]^[127]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Murphy, Carls & Valenzuela-Ríos	Silurian and Early Devonian		Australia United States ( Nevada)	Genus includes "Caudicriodus" hesperius (Klapper & Murphy, 1975).
Eognathodus kuangi^[128]	Sp. nov	Valid	Earp	Early Devonian		China
Eognathodus sulcatus lanei^[125]	Subsp. nov	Valid	Mathieson et al.	Early Devonian	Mountain Dam Limestone	Australia	A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae.
Eognathodus sulcatus sicatus^[125]	Subsp. nov	Valid	Mathieson et al.	Early Devonian	Booth Limestone	Australia	A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae.
Gladigondolella okayi^[129]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kiliç	Triassic	Kayabaşı Limestone	Turkey
Gondolella wardlawi^[130]	Sp. nov	Valid	Nestell & Pope in Nestell, Wardlaw & Pope	Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian)	Excello Shale	United States ( Iowa)
Heliagnathus^[125]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mathieson et al.	Early Devonian	Mountain Dam Limestone	Australia	A member of Ozarkodinida of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is H. parvilabiatus.
Icriodus ampliatus^[125]	Sp. nov	Valid	Mathieson et al.	Early Devonian	Mountain Dam Limestone	Australia	A member of Prioniodontida belonging to the family Icriodontidae.
Icriodus michiganus^[131]	Sp. nov	Valid	Narkiewicz & Bultynck	Devonian (Eifelian)	Michigan Basin	United States
Icriodus praealternatus ferus^[132]	Subsp. nov	Valid	Wang et al.	Late Devonian (Frasnian/Famennian boundary)	Hongguleleng Formation	China	A subspecies of Icriodus praealternatus.
Icriodus plurinodosus^[132]	Sp. nov	Valid	Wang et al.	Late Devonian (early Famennian)	Hongguleleng Formation	China	A species of Icriodus.
Icriodus stenoancylus junggarensis^[132]	Subsp. nov	Valid	Wang et al.	Late Devonian (early Famennian)	Hongguleleng Formation	China	A subspecies of Icriodus stenoancylus.
Idiognathodus lateralis^[133]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hogancamp, Barrick & Strauss	Carboniferous (early Gzhelian)		China Russia Ukraine United States	Originally described as a species of Idiognathodus, but subsequently transferred to the genus Heckelina.^[134]
Idiognathodus tuberis^[130]	Sp. nov	Valid	Nestell, Wardlaw & Pope	Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian)	Excello Shale	United States ( Iowa)	A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Idiognathodontidae.
Neogondolella cuneiforme^[135]	Sp. nov	Valid	Golding & Orchard	Middle Triassic (Anisian)		Canada ( British Columbia)
Neogondolella curva^[135]	Sp. nov	Valid	Golding & Orchard	Middle Triassic (Anisian)		Canada ( British Columbia) United States ( Nevada)
Neogondolella dilacerata^[135]	Sp. nov	Valid	Golding & Orchard	Middle Triassic (Anisian)		Canada ( British Columbia)	Originally described as a species of Neogondolella, but subsequently transferred to the genus Magnigondolella.^[136]
Neogondolella hastata^[135]	Sp. nov	Valid	Golding & Orchard	Middle Triassic (Anisian)		Canada ( British Columbia) United States ( Nevada)
Neogondolella indicta^[135]	Sp. nov	Valid	Golding & Orchard	Middle Triassic (Anisian)		Canada ( British Columbia) United States ( Nevada)
Neogondolella panlaurentia^[135]	Sp. nov	Valid	Golding & Orchard	Middle Triassic (Anisian)		Canada ( British Columbia) United States ( Nevada)
Neogondolella tenera^[135]	Sp. nov	Valid	Golding & Orchard	Middle Triassic (Anisian)		Canada ( British Columbia) United States ( Nevada)
Neogondolella vellicata^[135]	Sp. nov	Valid	Golding & Orchard	Middle Triassic (Anisian)		Canada ( British Columbia) United States ( Nevada)
Neopolygnathus huijunae^[132]	Sp. nov	Valid	Wang et al.	Late Devonian (early Famennian)	Hongguleleng Formation	China	A species of Neopolygnathus.
Neospathodus planus^[137]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chen et al.	Early Triassic		Slovenia	Originally described as a species of Neospathodus; Bai et al. (2021) argued that it should be reassigned to the genus Triassospathodus.^[138]
Oulodus astriatus^[125]	Sp. nov	Valid	Mathieson et al.	Early Devonian	Booth Limestone	Australia	A member of Prioniodinida belonging to the family Prioniodinidae.
Ozarkodina multistriola^[125]	Sp. nov	Valid	Mathieson et al.	Early Devonian	Mountain Dam Limestone	Australia	A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae.
Ozarkodina scoliciformis^[125]	Sp. nov	Valid	Mathieson et al.	Early Devonian	Mountain Dam Limestone	Australia	A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae.
Ozarkodina selfi cordata^[125]	Subsp. nov	Valid	Mathieson et al.	Early Devonian	Mountain Dam Limestone	Australia	A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae.
Ozarkodina selfi lanceola^[125]	Subsp. nov	Valid	Mathieson et al.	Early Devonian	Mountain Dam Limestone	Australia	A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae.
Ozarkodina selfi lenticula^[125]	Subsp. nov	Valid	Mathieson et al.	Early Devonian	Mountain Dam Limestone	Australia	A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae.
Panderodus rhytiodus^[125]	Sp. nov	Valid	Mathieson et al.	Early Devonian	Mountain Dam Limestone	Australia	A member of the family Panderodontidae.
Pelekysgnathus inequalis^[125]	Sp. nov	Valid	Mathieson et al.	Early Devonian	Booth Limestone	Australia	A member of Prioniodontida belonging to the family Icriodontidae.
Pelekysgnathus jeppssoni^[139]	Sp. nov	Valid	Nazarova	Devonian (Eifelian)		Russia ( Bryansk Oblast)
Platyvillosus corniger^[137]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chen et al.	Early Triassic		Slovenia
Polygnathus abaimovae^[140]	Sp. nov	Valid	Baranov & Blodgett	Devonian (Emsian)		Russia
Polygnathus beckeri^[140]	Nom. nov	Valid	Baranov & Blodgett	Devonian (Emsian)		Russia	A replacement name for Polygnathus inflexus Baranov (1992).
Polygnathus datnensis^[140]	Sp. nov	Valid	Baranov & Blodgett	Devonian (Emsian)		Russia
Polygnathus dogdensis^[140]	Sp. nov	Valid	Baranov & Blodgett	Devonian (Emsian)		Russia
Polygnathus novozemelicus^[140]	Sp. nov	Valid	Baranov & Blodgett	Devonian (Emsian)		Russia
"Polygnathus" pseudocommunis^[132]	Sp. nov	Valid	Wang et al.	Late Devonian (early Famennian)	Hongguleleng Formation	China	Possibly a species of Polygnathus.
Polygnathus slastenovi^[140]	Sp. nov	Valid	Baranov & Blodgett	Devonian (Emsian)		Russia
Polygnathus tarabukini^[140]	Sp. nov	Valid	Baranov & Blodgett	Devonian (Emsian)		Russia
Praeicriodus^[126]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Murphy	Silurian		Canada	Genus includes "Pedavis" thorsteinssoni Uyeno (1980).
Siphonodella (Siphonodella) jii^[141]	Nom. nov	Disputed	Becker, Kaiser & Aretz	Carboniferous (Tournaisian)	Chappel Limestone	United States	A replacement name for Siphonodella (Siphonodella) hassi Ji (1985). Plotitsyn and Zhuravlev (2016) considered S. jii to be a junior synonym of Siphonodella quadruplicata (Branson et Mehl), because they considered the specimen selected as the holotype of S. jii to be more likely to represent an ontogenetic stage of S. quadruplicata.^[142]
Staeschegnathus^[143]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Koike	Triassic	Taho Formation	Japan	An ellisonid conodont. The type species is S. perrii.

Fishes

Amphibians

Research

A study on the histology and growth histories of the humeri of the specimens of Acanthostega recovered from the mass-death deposit of Stensiö Bjerg (Greenland) is published by Sanchez et al. (2016), who argue that even the largest individuals from this deposit are juveniles.^[144]
Fossils of a tetrapod resembling Ichthyostega and a probable whatcheeriid-grade tetrapod are described from two Devonian (Famennian) localities from Belgium by Olive et al. (2016).^[145]
A study on the functional significance of the interpterygoid vacuities (holes in the palate) in temnospondyls is published by Lautenschlager, Witzmann & Werneburg (2016).^[146]
A study on the stress distribution in the skulls of Edingerella madagascariensis and Stanocephalosaurus birdi during the bite, with implications for establishing the ecological niches occupied by these temnospondyls, is published by Fortuny et al. (2016).^[147]
A study on the anatomy, ecological niche and life history of members the population of Eocyclotosaurus appetolatus known from the Tecolotito bonebed (Moenkopi Formation; New Mexico, United States) is published by Rinehart & Lucas (2016).^[148]
A study on the morphology of the skull and braincase of Brachydectes newberryi is published by Pardo & Anderson (2016).^[149]
A study on the locomotor capabilities of Triadobatrachus massinoti is published by Lires, Soto & Gómez (2016).^[150]
A revised description of the holotype of Triadobatrachus massinoti based on X-ray micro-tomography data is published by Ascarrunz et al. (2016).^[151]
The first unambiguous frog fossil from the Jurassic of Asia (an atlantal centrum of a possible member of the genus Eodiscoglossus) is described from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Itat Formation (Russia) by Skutschas, Martin & Krasnolutskii (2016).^[152]

New taxa

Temnospondyls

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Cyclotosaurus buechneri^[153]	Sp. nov	Valid	Witzmann, Sachs & Nyhuis	Late Triassic (middle Carnian)	Stuttgart Formation	Germany	A mastodonsauroid temnospondyl, a species of Cyclotosaurus.
Konzhukovia sangabrielensis^[154]	Sp. nov	Valid^[155]	Pacheco et al.	Permian (early Guadalupian)	Rio do Rasto Formation	Brazil
Samarabatrachus^[156]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Novikov	Early Triassic	Sukhorechka Formation	Russia ( Samara Oblast)	A capitosaurid temnospondyl. The type species is S. bjerringi.
Selenocara rossica^[156]	Sp. nov	Valid	Novikov	Early Triassic	Sukhorechka Formation	Russia ( Orenburg Oblast Samara Oblast)	A capitosaurid temnospondyl.
Stanocephalosaurus amenasensis^[157]	Sp. nov	Valid	Dahoumane et al.	Early-Middle Triassic	Zarzaïtine Series, Illizi Basin	Algeria	A mastodonsauroid temnospondyl, a species of Stanocephalosaurus.
Syrtosuchus^[156]	Gen. et comb. et sp. nov	Valid	Novikov	Early Triassic	Sukhorechka Formation	Russia ( Orenburg Oblast Samara Oblast)	A benthosuchid temnospondyl. The type species is "Wetlugasaurus" samarensis Sennikov (1981); genus also includes new species S. morkovini.
Tomeia^[158]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Eltink, Da-Rosa & Dias-da-Silva	Early Triassic	Sanga do Cabral Supersequence	Brazil	A mastodonsauroid temnospondyl. The type species is T. witecki.
Yuanansuchus maopingchangensis^[159]	Sp. nov	Valid	Liu	Middle Triassic (Anisian)	Badong Formation	China	A mastodonsauroid temnospondyl, a species of Yuanansuchus.

Lissamphibians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Hyogobatrachus^[160]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ikeda, Ota & Matsui	Early Cretaceous	Sasayama Group	Japan	A frog. The type species is Hyogobatrachus wadai.
Kiyatriton krasnolutskii^[161]	Sp. nov	Valid	Skutschas	Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)	Itat Formation	Russia ( Krasnoyarsk Krai)	A salamander, a species of Kiyatriton.
Kuruleufenia^[162]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Gómez	Late Cretaceous (late Campanian–early Maastrichtian)	Allen Formation	Argentina	A member of Pipidae. The type species is Kuruleufenia xenopoides.
Litoria lundeliusi^[163]	Sp. nov	Valid	Tyler & Prideaux	Pleistocene		Australia	A species of Litoria.
Nuominerpeton^[164]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Jia & Gao	Early Cretaceous (Barremian–Aptian)	Guanghua Formation	China	A cryptobranchoid salamander of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is N. aquilonaris.
Palaeobatrachus eurydices^[165]	Sp. nov	Valid	Villa et al.	Early Pleistocene (Gelasian)		Netherlands
Phosphotriton^[166]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Tissier, Rage, Boistel, Fernandez, Pollet, Garcia and Laurin	Eocene		France	A salamander. The type species is Phosphotriton sigei.
Prospea^[167]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Chen et al.	Paleocene	Naranbulak Formation	Mongolia	A member of Scaphiopodidae. The type species is Prospea holoserisca.
Qinglongtriton^[168]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Jia & Gao	Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)	Tiaojishan Formation	China	A basal member of Salamandroidea. The type species is Qinglongtriton gangouensis.
Tambabatrachus^[160]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ikeda, Ota & Matsui	Early Cretaceous	Sasayama Group	Japan	A frog. The type species is Tambabatrachus kawazu.

Others

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Aytonerpeton^[169]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Otoo, Clack & Smithson in Clack et al.	Carboniferous (Tournaisian)	Ballagan Formation	United Kingdom	An early tetrapod of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is A. microps.
Diploradus^[169]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Clack & Smithson in Clack et al.	Carboniferous (Tournaisian)	Ballagan Formation	United Kingdom	An early tetrapod of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is D. austiumensis.
Koilops^[169]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Clack & Smithson in Clack et al.	Carboniferous (Tournaisian)	Ballagan Formation	United Kingdom	An early tetrapod of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is K. herma.
Ossirarus^[169]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Clack & Smithson in Clack et al.	Carboniferous (Tournaisian)	Ballagan Formation	United Kingdom	An early tetrapod of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is O. kierani.
Perittodus^[169]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Clack & Smithson in Clack et al.	Carboniferous (Tournaisian)	Ballagan Formation	United Kingdom	An early tetrapod of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is P. apsconditus.

Reptiles

Synapsids

Non-mammalian synapsids

Research

A study on the respiratory system and paleobiology of caseids is published by Lambertz et al. (2016), who argue that at least some caseids might have been predominantly aquatic and that a homologue of the mammalian diaphragm might have been present in caseids.^[170]
A redescription of the sphenacodontian taxa Palaeohatteria and Pantelosaurus is published by Spindler (2016), who assigns both these taxa to the clade Palaeohatteriidae, but considers it likely that they represent distinct valid taxa.^[171]
A study on the paleoneurology of non-mammaliaform therapsids is published by Benoit, Manger & Rubidge (2016), who argue that whiskers, body hair coverage and mammary glands might have been present in some non-mammaliaform therapsids.^[172]
A study on the occurrence and size of the parietal foramen (an opening in which the pineal eye is located) in non-mammaliaform therapsids (especially non-mammaliaform eutheriodonts) known from the Karoo Supergroup of South Africa is published by Benoit et al. (2016).^[173]
A study of life histories and growth patterns as indicated by bone tissue microstructure and body size in members of three synapsid groups that survived Permian–Triassic extinction event (dicynodonts, therocephalians and cynodonts) and one that didn't (gorgonopsians) is published by Botha-Brink et al. (2016).^[174]
A revision of the systematics of the gorgonopsian subfamily Rubidgeinae is published by Kammerer (2016).^[175]
A study on the anatomy and potential function of the cranial outgrowths of Choerosaurus dejageri is published by Benoit et al. (2016).^[176]
Benoit & Jasinoski (2016) present a digital reconstruction of the lost holotype specimen of the cynodont species Scalopocynodon gracilis (a junior synonym of Procynosuchus delaharpeae).^[177]
A study on the microstructure of the postcanine teeth of the trirachodontid cynodont Cricodon metabolus is published by Hendrickx, Abdala & Choiniere (2016).^[178]
A description of a new specimen of Massetognathus ochagaviae collected at the Middle Triassic Dinodontosaurus Assemblage Zone (Brazil) is published by Pavanatto et al. (2016).^[179]
A study comparing the growth patterns of the tritylodontid cynodont Oligokyphus and the basal mammaliaform Morganucodon is published by O'Meara & Asher (2016).^[180]
Hair-like structures found in a coprolite recovered from the Late Permian Vyazniki site (Russia), which might represent the oldest evidence of hair in the stem group of mammals, are described by Bajdek et al. (2016).^[181]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Abdalodon^[182]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Kammerer	Late Permian	Beaufort Group (Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone)	South Africa	An early cynodont related to Charassognathus gracilis. The type species is Abdalodon diastematicus.
Bonacynodon^[183]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Martinelli, Soares & Schwanke	Late Triassic (early Carnian)	Santa Maria Supersequence	Brazil	A member of Probainognathidae. The type species is B. schultzi.
Montirictus^[184]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Matsuoka, Kusuhashi & Korfe	Early Cretaceous (probably Barremian or Aptian)	Kuwajima Formation	Japan	A member of Tritylodontidae. The type species is Montirictus kuwajimaensis. Averianov et al. (2017) considered the genus Montirictus to be a junior synonym of the genus Stereognathus.^[185]
Mupashi^[186]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Huttenlocker & Sidor	Late Permian	Madumabisa Mudstone Formation	Zambia	A therocephalian related to Karenites. The type species is Mupashi migrator.
Rastodon^[187]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Boos et al.	Permian (Guadalupian/Lopingian)	Rio do Rasto Formation	Brazil	A dicynodont belonging to the group Bidentalia. The type species is R. procurvidens.
Santacruzgnathus^[183]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Martinelli, Soares & Schwanke	Late Triassic (early Carnian)	Santa Maria Supersequence	Brazil	A member of Probainognathia, probably closely related to prozostrodontians. The type species is S. abdalai.
Sauroscaptor^[188]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Kammerer, Bandyopadhyay & Ray	Late Permian	Kundaram Formation	India	A cistecephalid dicynodont. The type species is S. tharavati.
Vaughnictis^[189]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Brocklehurst et al.	Permian (Asselian-Sakmarian)	Cutler Group	United States ( Colorado)	A member of Eothyrididae; a new genus for "Mycterosaurus" smithae Lewis & Vaughn (1965).
Wantulignathus^[190]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Whitney & Sidor	Permian (Guadalupian)	Madumabisa Mudstone Formation	Zambia	A biarmosuchian. The type species is Wantulignathus gwembensis.

Mammals

Other animals

Research

Traces of a wriggling, mucus-secreting animal are described from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation (China) by Wang et al. (2016), who name a new ichnotaxon Linbotulitaenia globulus.^[191]
New fossils of Ernietta plateauensis are described from the Ediacaran site in southern Namibia by Elliott et al. (2016).^[192]
Embryo-like fossils are described from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation (China) by Yin et al. (2016), who argue that at least some of these fossils represent crown-animal embryos.^[193]
New fossil material of Oesia disjuncta is described by Nanglu et al. (2016), who interpret this species as a primitive acorn worm that inhabited the tubes previously identified as the alga Margaretia.^[194]
A redescription of Helenodora inopinata and a study of its phylogenetic relationships is published by Murdock, Gabbott & Purnell (2016).^[195]
Description of the anatomy of the fossil velvet worm Cretoperipatus burmiticus and a study on its phylogenetic relationships is published by de Sena Oliveira et al. (2016).^[196]
A study on the anatomy of the mouth apparatus of the lobopodian Pambdelurion whittingtoni is published by Vinther et al. (2016), who show that its mouth apparatus was identical to the fossilized feeding apparatus described under the name Omnidens.^[197]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Acanthograptus lateralis^[198]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chen in Chen et al.	Ordovician		China	A graptolite.
Acoelia norica^[199]	Sp. nov	Valid	Senowbari-Daryan & Link	Late Triassic (Norian)		Turkey	A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida.
Acrograptus tenuiculus^[198]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chen in Chen et al.	Ordovician		China	A graptolite.
Amblysiphonella aiyongcuoensis^[200]	Sp. nov	Valid	Deng	Permian		China	A sponge.
Annulitubus^[201]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Vinn et al.	Devonian (late Emsian)	Ponta Grossa Formation	Brazil	An annelid, possibly a polychaete. The type species is Annulitubus mutveii.
Antennipatus^[202]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Garwood, Edgecombe & Giribet in Garwood et al.	Carboniferous (Stephanian)	Montceau-les-Mines Lagerstätte	France	A velvet worm. The type species is A. montceauensis.
Apoglossograptus uniformis^[198]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chen in Chen et al.	Ordovician		China	A graptolite.
Archiasterella dhiraji^[203]	Sp. nov	Valid	Gilbert, Hughes & Myrow	Cambrian	Parahio Formation	India
Archiclimacograptus columnus^[198]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chen in Chen et al.	Ordovician		China	A graptolite.
Baltichaeta^[204]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[205]	Slater et al.	Cambrian (Stage 4)	File Haidar Formation	Sweden	A member of the total group of Annelida. The type species is B. jormunganda.
Baltiscalida^[204]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[205]	Slater et al.	Cambrian (Stage 4)	File Haidar Formation	Sweden	A member of the total group of Priapulida. The type species is B. njorda.
Bistella^[206]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Fedorov in Fedorov, Parkhaev & Demidenko	Cambrian		Russia	A heteractinid sponge belonging to the group Heteractinellida and the family Heterostellidae. The type species is B. inexplicabila.
Bohemograptus praecox^[207]	Sp. nov	Valid	Štorch et al.	Silurian		Czech Republic	A graptolite.
Bolidium bertii^[208]	Sp. nov	Valid^[209]	Frisone, Pisera & Preto	Eocene (early Lutetian)		Italy	A sponge, a species of Bolidium.
Burejospermum punctatum^[210]	Sp. nov	Valid	McLoughlin et al.	Early Eocene	La Meseta Formation	Antarctica (Seymour Island)	A member of Clitellata of uncertain phylogenetic placement, described on the basis of fossilized cocoons; a species of Burejospermum.
Burejospermum seymourense^[210]	Sp. nov	Valid	McLoughlin et al.	Early Eocene	La Meseta Formation	Antarctica (Seymour Island)	A member of Clitellata of uncertain phylogenetic placement, described on the basis of fossilized cocoons; a species of Burejospermum.
Caelispongia^[199]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Senowbari-Daryan & Link	Late Triassic (Norian)	Kasımlar Basin	Turkey	A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and the family Stellispongiellidae. The type species is C. topukensis.
Camerospongia tuberculata^[208]	Sp. nov	Valid^[209]	Frisone, Pisera & Preto	Eocene (early Lutetian)		Italy	A sponge, a species of Camerospongia.
Camerospongia visentinae^[208]	Sp. nov	Valid^[209]	Frisone, Pisera & Preto	Eocene (early Lutetian)		Italy	A sponge, a species of Camerospongia.
Capsulocyathus petri^[211]	Sp. nov	Valid	Sundukov & Zhuravlev	Cambrian		Russia	A member of Archaeocyatha belonging to the family Cryptoporocyathidae.
Cavispongia scarpai^[208]	Sp. nov	Valid^[209]	Frisone, Pisera & Preto	Eocene (early Lutetian)		Italy	A sponge, a species of Cavispongia.
Conotheca hensoni^[212]	Sp. nov	Valid	Peel et al.	Cambrian	Henson Gletscher Formation	Greenland	A member of Hyolitha belonging to the group Orthothecida.
Constellatispongia^[213]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Botting & Peel	Early Cambrian	Buen Formation	Greenland	A sponge. The type species is C. canismajorii.
Corallistes multiosculata^[208]	Sp. nov	Valid^[209]	Frisone, Pisera & Preto	Eocene (early Lutetian)		Italy	A sponge, a species of Corallistes.
Cornulites vilcae^[214]	Sp. nov	Valid	Vinn & Gutiérez-Marco	Late Ordovician (probably late Sandbian)	Probably Calapuja Formation	Peru	A member of Cornulitida (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs), a species of Cornulites.
Cornulites zatoni^[214]	Sp. nov	Valid	Vinn & Gutiérez-Marco	Late Ordovician (Sandbian)	Calapuja Formation	Peru	A member of Cornulitida (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs), a species of Cornulites.
Coronispongia^[208]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[209]	Frisone, Pisera & Preto	Eocene (early Lutetian)		Italy	A sponge. The type species is Coronispongia confossa.
Corynites nanus^[198]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chen in Chen et al.	Ordovician		China	A graptolite.
Crassicoactum^[213]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Botting & Peel	Early Cambrian	Buen Formation	Greenland	A sponge. The type species is C. cucumis.
Daharella triassica^[199]	Sp. nov	Valid	Senowbari-Daryan & Link	Late Triassic (Norian)	Kasımlar Basin	Turkey	A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and the family Auriculospongiidae.
Dicranograptus ramosus angustus^[198]	Subsp. nov	Valid	Chen in Chen et al.	Ordovician		China	A graptolite.
Eoglyptograptus asymmetros^[198]	Sp. nov	Valid	Goldman & Zhang in Chen et al.	Ordovician		China	A graptolite.
Eolipastrotethya^[215]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[216]	Łukowiak & Pisera	Late Eocene	Pallinup Formation	Australia	A heteroscleromorph demosponge belonging to the group Bubarida. The type species is E. picketti.
Erismacoscinus lucanoi^[217]	Sp. nov	Valid	Menéndez et al.	Cambrian Stage 3	Pedroche Formation	Spain	A member of Archaeocyatha belonging to the family Asterocyathidae.
Esakovella^[206]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Fedorov in Fedorov, Parkhaev & Demidenko	Cambrian		Russia	A tommotiid belonging to the family Kelanellidae. The type species is E. grigorievae.
Fallocyathus accomodatus^[211]	Sp. nov	Valid	Sundukov in Sundukov & Zhuravlev	Cambrian		Russia	A member of Archaeocyatha belonging to the family Fallocyathidae.
Fallocyathus apheles^[211]	Sp. nov	Valid	Sundukov in Sundukov & Zhuravlev	Cambrian		Russia	A member of Archaeocyatha belonging to the family Fallocyathidae.
Geodia hopetouni^[215]	Sp. nov	Valid^[216]	Łukowiak & Pisera	Late Eocene	Pallinup Formation	Australia	A heteroscleromorph demosponge belonging to the group Tetractinellida, a species of Geodia.
Haddingograptus cuneatus^[198]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chen in Chen et al.	Ordovician		China	A graptolite.
Haddingograptus flexibilis^[198]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chen in Chen et al.	Ordovician		China	A graptolite.
Haddingograptus tarimensis^[198]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chen in Chen et al.	Ordovician		China	A graptolite.
Hadimopanella incubo^[218]	Sp. nov	Valid^[219]	Streng, Ebbestad & Berg-Madsen	Cambrian		Sweden	A palaeoscolecid worm.
Hadimopanella oelandiana^[218]	Sp. nov	Valid^[219]	Streng, Ebbestad & Berg-Madsen	Cambrian		Sweden	A palaeoscolecid worm.
Hallograptus echinatus^[198]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chen in Chen et al.	Ordovician		China	A graptolite.
Hamptonia limatula^[213]	Sp. nov	Valid	Botting & Peel	Early Cambrian	Buen Formation	Greenland	A sponge.
Hexactinella clampensis^[208]	Sp. nov	Valid^[209]	Frisone, Pisera & Preto	Eocene (early Lutetian)		Italy	A sponge, a species of Hexactinella.
?Hyalostelia spinula^[206]	Sp. nov	Valid	Fedorov in Fedorov, Parkhaev & Demidenko	Cambrian		Russia	A hexactinellid sponge belonging to the group Hexasterophora and the family Hyalostellidae.
Jiangxigraptus? delicatus^[198]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chen in Chen et al.	Ordovician		China	A graptolite.
Jiangxigraptus ultilis^[198]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chen in Chen et al.	Ordovician		China	A graptolite.
Kuonamia^{[citation needed]}	Nom. nov	Valid	Doweld	Cambrian Stage 4 to Guzhangian	Holm Dal Formation Kuonamka Formation	Greenland^[220] Russia ( Sakha Republic)	A sponge; a replacement name for Disparella Fedorov in Fedorov & Pereladov (1987).
Lenica perversa^[213]	Sp. nov	Valid	Botting & Peel	Early Cambrian	Buen Formation	Greenland	A sponge.
Lyrarapax trilobus^[221]	Sp. nov	Valid	Cong et al.	Early Cambrian		China
Milyasa^[199]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Senowbari-Daryan & Link	Late Triassic (Norian)	Dereköy Basin	Turkey	A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and the family Preperonidellidae. The type species is M. polysiphonata; genus also includes M. askomorpha.
Mimograptus tenuis^[198]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chen in Chen et al.	Ordovician		China	A graptolite.
Monocrepidium pauli^[215]	Sp. nov	Valid^[216]	Łukowiak & Pisera	Late Eocene	Pallinup Formation	Australia	A heteroscleromorph demosponge belonging to the group Bubarida.
Monocrepidium unispiculatum^[215]	Sp. nov	Valid^[216]	Łukowiak & Pisera	Late Eocene	Pallinup Formation	Australia	A heteroscleromorph demosponge belonging to the group Bubarida.
Nganki namak^[222]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kruse & Hughes	Cambrian	Khussak Formation	Pakistan	A member of Hyolitha (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs), a species of Nganki.
Obscurospongia^[199]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Senowbari-Daryan & Link	Late Triassic (Norian)	Kasımlar Basin	Turkey	An inozoid or chaetetid sponge. The type species is O. chaetetiformis
Oepikograptus originalis^[198]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chen in Chen et al.	Ordovician		China	A graptolite.
Orthograptus paracalcaratus^[198]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chen in Chen et al.	Ordovician		China	A graptolite.
Ottoia guizhouensis^[223]	Sp. nov	Valid	Yang, Zhao & Zhang	Cambrian	Kaili Formation	China	A stem-group priapulid, a species of Ottoia.
Pachastrella australis^[215]	Sp. nov	Valid^[216]	Łukowiak & Pisera	Late Eocene	Pallinup Formation	Australia	A heteroscleromorph demosponge belonging to the group Tetractinellida.
Pachastrella intermedia^[215]	Sp. nov	Valid^[216]	Łukowiak & Pisera	Late Eocene	Pallinup Formation	Australia	A heteroscleromorph demosponge belonging to the group Tetractinellida.
Palaeoscolex xinglongensis^[224]	Sp. nov	Valid	Liu et al.	Cambrian	Wulongqing Formation	China	A palaeoscolecid.
Palaeotubus^[225]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Sanfilippo et al.	Permian	Pietra di Salomone limestone	Italy	A polychaete, possibly a relative of serpulids. The type species is P. sosiensis.
Pegmatothylakos^[210]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	McLoughlin et al.	Early Eocene	La Meseta Formation	Antarctica (Seymour Island)	A member of Clitellata of uncertain phylogenetic placement, described on the basis of fossilized cocoons. The type species is Pegmatothylakos manumii.
Phycopsis arbusculum^[215]	Sp. nov	Valid^[216]	Łukowiak & Pisera	Late Eocene	Pallinup Formation	Australia	A heteroscleromorph demosponge belonging to the group Axinellida.
Preperonidella asymmetrica^[199]	Sp. nov	Valid	Senowbari-Daryan & Link	Late Triassic (Norian)	Kasımlar Basin	Turkey	A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and the family Preperonidellidae.
Proclimacograptus angustatus ultimus^[198]	Subsp. nov	Valid	Chen in Chen et al.	Ordovician		China	A graptolite.
Pronormalograptus^[198]	Gen. et 2 sp. et comb. nov	Valid	Chen in Chen et al.	Ordovician		China United Kingdom	A graptolite. The type species is P. acicularis; genus also includes new species P. regularis, as well as P. euglyphus (Lapworth, 1880) and P. siccatus (Elles and Wood, 1907).
Pseudosardospongia^[206]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Fedorov in Fedorov, Parkhaev & Demidenko	Cambrian		Russia	A calcareous sponge belonging to the family Polyactinellidae. The type species is P. plana; genus also includes P. miriculata.
Rajatubulus^[226]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Yang et al.	Early Cambrian		Kazakhstan	A member of Cloudinidae; a new genus for "Pseudorthotheca" costata Mambetov in Missarzhevsky & Mambetov (1981).
Rankenella zhangxianensis^[227]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lee, Woo & Lee	Cambrian	Zhangxia Formation	China	A sponge belonging to the family Anthaspidellidae.
Ratcliffespongia freuchenensis^[213]	Sp. nov	Valid	Botting & Peel	Early Cambrian	Buen Formation	Greenland	A sponge.
Rigonia^[208]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[209]	Frisone, Pisera & Preto	Eocene (early Lutetian)		Italy	A sponge. The type species is Rigonia plicata.
Rotundocyathus indistinctus^[211]	Sp. nov	Valid	Sundukov in Sundukov & Zhuravlev	Cambrian		Russia	A member of Archaeocyatha belonging to the family Ajacicyathidae.
Rugatotheca daibuica^[226]	Sp. nov	Valid	Yang et al.	Early Cambrian	Daibu Member of the Xiaotan section	China	A small shelly fossil of uncertain phylogenetic placement.
Saccoglossus testa^[228]	Sp. nov	Valid	Cameron	Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian)	Mazon Creek fossil beds	United States ( Illinois)	An acorn worm belonging to the family Harrimaniidae, a species of Saccoglossus.
Saetaspongia procera^[213]	Sp. nov	Valid	Botting & Peel	Early Cambrian	Buen Formation	Greenland	A sponge.
Sanxiascolex^[229]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Yang & Zhang	Cambrian	Shipai Formation	China	A palaeoscolecid. The type species is P. papillogyrus.
Sardospongia gigantea^[206]	Sp. nov	Valid	Fedorov in Fedorov, Parkhaev & Demidenko	Cambrian		Russia	A calcareous sponge belonging to the family Polyactinellidae.
Sardospongia triplexa^[206]	Sp. nov	Valid	Fedorov in Fedorov, Parkhaev & Demidenko	Cambrian		Russia	A calcareous sponge belonging to the family Polyactinellidae.
Sarmentofascis zamparelliae^[230]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schlagintweit, Frijia & Parente	Late Cretaceous (early Campanian)		Italy	A sponge, a species of Sarmentofascis.
Semigothograptus^[231]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Kozłowska	Silurian		Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom	A graptolite; a new genus for "Gothograptus" meganassa Rickards & Palmer (2002).
Sibirecyathus onkhoydokh^[211]	Sp. nov	Valid	Sundukov & Zhuravlev	Cambrian		Russia	A member of Archaeocyatha belonging to the family Ajacicyathidae.
Spathioconchus^[232]	Gen. et sp. nov		Zatoń et al.	Early Triassic (Induan)		Greenland	A member of Microconchida (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs). The type species is S. weedoni.
Spinuliconchus^[233]	Gen. et et comb. sp. nov	Valid	Zatoń & Olempska	Devonian		Poland United States	A member of Microconchida. The type species is "Spirorbis" angulatus Hall (1861); genus also includes new species S. biernatae.
Stauractinella eocenica^[208]	Sp. nov	Valid^[209]	Frisone, Pisera & Preto	Eocene (early Lutetian)		Italy	A sponge, a species of Stauractinella.
Talacastospongia^[234]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Carrera & Rustán	Devonian (Lochkovian)	Talacasto Formation	Argentina	A hexactinellid sponge. The type species is Talacastospongia minima.
Tanchajella^[206]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Fedorov in Fedorov, Parkhaev & Demidenko	Cambrian		Russia	A hexactinellid sponge belonging to the group Amphidiscophora and the family Hyalonematidae. The type species is T. aculeata.
Taurispongia^[199]	Gen. et 8 sp. nov	Valid	Senowbari-Daryan & Link	Late Triassic (Norian)	Dereköy Basin	Turkey	A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and the family Stellispongiellidae. The type species is T. oligocanalis; genus also includes new species T. polycanalis, T. tenuis, T. lamellicanalis, T. fascifera, T. siderifera, T. lamellata and T. polyforma.
Tenuipariespongia taurica^[199]	Sp. nov	Valid	Senowbari-Daryan & Link	Late Triassic (Norian)	Kasımlar Basin	Turkey	A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida.
Toulminia italica^[208]	Sp. nov	Valid^[209]	Frisone, Pisera & Preto	Eocene (early Lutetian)		Italy	A sponge, a species of Toulminia.
Triptolemma solida^[215]	Sp. nov	Valid^[216]	Łukowiak & Pisera	Late Eocene	Pallinup Formation	Australia	A heteroscleromorph demosponge belonging to the group Tetractinellida.
Tritonychus ^[235]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Zhang et al.	Early Cambrian		China	A lobopodian. The type species is T. phanerosarkus.
Tuberoconchus^[233]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Zatoń in Zatoń & Olempska	Silurian (Ludlow)	Kuressaare Formation	Estonia Sweden	A member of Microconchida (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs). The type species is "Palaeoconchus" wilsoni Zatoń, Vinn & Toom (2016).^[236]
Tulenicornus? frykmani^[212]	Sp. nov	Valid	Peel et al.	Cambrian	Henson Gletscher Formation	Greenland	A member of Hyolitha belonging to the group Hyolithida.
Tyanada^[199]	Gen. et comb. et sp. nov	Valid	Senowbari-Daryan & Link	Late Triassic (Norian-Rhaetian)		Australia Austria Iran Turkey	A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and the family Virgulidae. The type species is "Grossotubenella" variabilis Senowbari-Daryan (2005); genus also includes new species T. irregularis.
Unicornigraptus^[198]	Gen. et 3 sp. nov	Valid	Chen & Goldman in Chen et al.	Ordovician		China Sweden	A graptolite. Genus includes new species U. minimus Chen, U. scandinavicus Goldman and U. xinjiangensis Chen and Goldman.
Wildspongia? krystyni^[199]	Sp. nov	Valid	Senowbari-Daryan & Link	Late Triassic (Norian)	Dereköy Basin	Turkey	A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and the family Stellispongiellidae.
Wronascolex geyiensis^[237]	Sp. nov	Valid	Peng et al.	Cambrian		China	A palaeoscolecid worm, a species of Wronascolex.
Wronascolex? johanssoni^[218]	Sp. nov	Valid^[219]	Streng, Ebbestad & Berg-Madsen	Cambrian		Sweden	A palaeoscolecid worm.
Wronascolex yichangensis^[238]	Sp. nov	Valid	Yang & Zhang	Cambrian		China	A palaeoscolecid worm, a species of Wronascolex.
Xiphograptus aksuensis^[198]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chen in Chen et al.	Ordovician		China	A graptolite.

Other organisms

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Accordiella? tarburensis^[239]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schlagintweit & Rashidi	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Tarbur Formation	Iran	A foraminifer belonging to the group Textulariida and the family Chrysalidinidae.
Acuasiphonoria^[240]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Liu et al.	Ordovician	Tarim Basin	China	A member of Cyanobacteria. The type species is Acuasiphonoria ordovica.
Adnatosphaeridium ivoriense^[241]	Sp. nov	Valid	Awad & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Late Paleocene and early Eocene		Gulf of Guinea (Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana Transform Margin) Nigeria	A dinoflagellate belonging to the group Gonyaulacales.
Agathammina vachardi^[242]	Sp. nov	Valid	Zhang in Zhang et al.	Permian	Xiala Formation	China	A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolata and the family Cornuspiridae.
Amsassia koreanensis^[243]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lee et al.	Middle and Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Katian)	Duwibong Formation Xiazhen Formation	China South Korea	An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement, probably a calcareous alga.
Anchisolenopora^[244]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Vachard et al.	Ordovician-Carboniferous		China France Norway Sweden	A red alga, possibly related to the coralline algae. The type species is "Hedstroemia" serrana Vachard & Aretz (2004); genus also includes "Hedstroemia" nidarosiensis Høeg, 1932 emend. Roux, 1985, "Hedstroemia" koninckoporoides Vachard, 1988 and "Pseudosolenopora" owodenkoi sensu Mamet, 2002 non Chanton-Güvenç, 1972.
Annelaurea^[245]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Harper et al.	Carboniferous (late Viséan)		France	An oomycete. The type species is Annelaurea excornis.
Aulacoseira helianthus^[246]	Sp. nov	Valid	Mohan & Stone in Mohan, Stone & Campisano	Pliocene	Hadar Formation	Ethiopia	A diatom belonging to the group Aulacoseirales and the family Aulacoseiraceae.
Aulacoseira jewsonii^[246]	Sp. nov	Valid	Mohan & Stone in Mohan, Stone & Campisano	Pliocene	Hadar Formation	Ethiopia	A diatom belonging to the group Aulacoseirales and the family Aulacoseiraceae.
Baltinema^[204]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[205]	Slater et al.	Cambrian (Stage 4)	File Haidar Formation	Sweden	A filamentous organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is B. rana.
Barattolites andhuri^[247]	Sp. nov	Valid	Gallardo-Garcia & Serra-Kiel in Serra-Kiel et al.	Eocene	Dammam Formation	Oman Yemen	A foraminifer belonging to the group Globothalamea and the family Orbitolinidae.
Berkutaphycus^[248]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Schopf, Sergeev & Kudryavtsev	Early Cambrian	Kyrshabakta Formation	Kazakhstan	An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement; might be related to hormogonian cyanobacteria or to eukaryotic green or chrysophyte algae. The type species is Berkutaphycus elongatus.
Bianchina^[249]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Schiøler	Cretaceous (late Aptian–middle Cenomanian)	East Coast Basin	New Zealand	A dinoflagellate. The type species is Bianchina hieroglyphica.
Bolivinides intermedius^[250]	Sp. nov	Valid	Dubicka & Peryt	Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian)		Poland Ukraine	A foraminifer belonging to the group Rotaliina and the family Bolivinoididae.
Braarudosphaera insecta^[251]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bown	Late Paleocene		Tanzania	A haptophyte belonging to the family Braarudosphaeraceae.
Braarudosphaera wendleriae^[252]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lees & Bown	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)		Tanzania	A haptophyte belonging to the family Braarudosphaeraceae.
Bramletteius cultellus^[251]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bown	Paleocene (Selandian)		Tanzania	A haptophyte belonging to the order Coccolithales and the family Coccolithaceae.
Broccoliforma^[253]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mason & Narbonne	Ediacaran		Canada ( Newfoundland and Labrador)	A flabellate, lobate frond with at least superficial similarities to the ivesheadiomorph Blackbrookia. The type species is B. alta.
Bulbobaculites felixi^[254]	Sp. nov	Valid	Pleş, Bucur & Săsăran	Early Cretaceous (late Aptian)		Romania	A lituolid foraminifer.
Caelatimurus^[255]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Riedman & Porter	Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic	Alinya Formation Chuar Group Muhos Formation Roper Group	Australia Finland United States	An acritarch. Genus includes new species C. foveolatus.
Chinggiskhaania^[256]	Gen. et sp. nov		Dornbos et al.	Ediacaran	Zuun-Arts Formation	Mongolia	A multicellular benthic alga of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Chinggiskhaania bifurcata.
Clypeorbis? ultima^[257]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schlagintweit, Studeny & Sanders	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Kambühel Formation	Austria	A foraminifer, possibly a member of Clypeorbinae.
Coccolithus subcirculus^[251]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bown	Paleocene (Selandian)		Tanzania	A haptophyte, a species of Coccolithus.
Cretaciclavulina^[258]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Schlagintweit & Cvetko Tešović	Late Cretaceous (early Campanian)	Gornji Humac Formation Pučišća Formation	Croatia	A foraminifer belonging to the superfamily Textulariacea, possibly a member of the family Valvulinidae. The type species is C. gusici.
Cribrionella^[259]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Jovanovska et al.	Quaternary		Lake Ohrid	A diatom belonging to the group Thalassiosirales and the family Stephanodiscaceae. The type species is Cribrionella ohridana
Crinisdendrum^[260]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Dzik, Baliński & Sun	Ordovician (early Floian)	Fenxiang Formation	China	An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement; the authors of its description considered it most likely that it was a relative of pterobranchs. The type species is C. sinicum.
Cucurbita aggtelekensis^[261]	Sp. nov	Valid	Senowbari-Daryan	Late Triassic (Carnian)		Hungary	A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolina and the family Milioliporidae.
Cucurbita minima^[261]	Sp. nov	Valid	Senowbari-Daryan	Late Triassic (Carnian)	Mufara Formation	Hungary Italy Turkey?	A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolina and the family Milioliporidae.
Culcitulisphaera^[255]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Riedman & Porter	Late Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic	Alinya Formation Chuar Group Eleonore Bay Group Lakhanda Group Visingsö Group^[262]	Australia Botswana^[263] Greenland Moldova^[262] Russia Sweden^[262] Ukraine^[262] United States	An acritarch. Genus includes new species C. revelata.
Delphineis urbinai^[264]	Sp. nov	Valid	Gariboldi	Miocene	Pisco Formation	Peru	A diatom.
Diphyes digitum^[241]	Sp. nov	Valid	Awad & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Early Paleocene		Gulf of Guinea (Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana Transform Margin)	A dinoflagellate belonging to the group Gonyaulacales.
Discocyclina kutchensis^[265]	Sp. nov	Valid	Özcan & Saraswati in Özcan et al.	Eocene (Bartonian)	Fulra Limestone	India Pakistan	A foraminifer belonging to the family Discocyclinidae.
'Discocyclina' sulaimanensis^[265]	Sp. nov	Valid	Özcan, Ali & Hanif in Özcan et al.	Eocene (Bartonian)	Drazinda Formation	Pakistan	A foraminifer belonging to the family Discocyclinidae.
Elianella brasiliana^[266]	Sp. nov	Valid	Granier & Dias-Brito	Early Cretaceous (Albian)	Riachuelo Formation	Brazil	A red alga belonging to the group Corallinophycidae, possibly a member of Rhodogorgonales; a species of Elianella.
Ellipsolithus linnertii^[252]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lees & Bown	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)		Tanzania	A haptophyte of uncertain phylogenetic placement.
Ellipsolithus pumex^[251]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bown	Paleocene (Selandian)		Tanzania	A haptophyte of uncertain phylogenetic placement.
Endoceratium immarinum^[267]	Sp. nov	Valid	Razumkova	Early Cretaceous (Aptian)		Russia	A dinoflagellate belonging to the family Ceratiaceae.
Entosolenia intermillerelineata^[268]	Sp. nov	Valid	Margerel	Late Pliocene-early Pleistocene		France	A foraminifer belonging to the family Ellipsolagenidae.
Eocladopyxis furculum^[241]	Sp. nov	Valid	Awad & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleocene to Oligocene		Gulf of Guinea (Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana Transform Margin)	A dinoflagellate belonging to the group Gonyaulacales.
Eohalothece^[269]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Strother & Wellman	Precambrian	Cailleach Head Formation Diabaig Formation Kinloch Formation Nonesuch Formation	United Kingdom United States ( Michigan)	A member of Cyanobacteria belonging to the family Chroococcaceae. The type species is Eohalothece lacustrina.
Ercumentina^[270]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Serra-Kiel & Vicedo in Serra-Kiel et al.	Paleocene	Jafnayn Formation	Oman	A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolida and the superfamily Alveolinoidea. The type species is E. sayqensis.
Ericsonia aliquanta^[251]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bown	Paleocene (Selandian)		Tanzania	A haptophyte belonging to the order Coccolithales and the family Coccolithaceae.
Ericsonia media^[251]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bown	Late Paleocene		Tanzania	A haptophyte belonging to the order Coccolithales and the family Coccolithaceae.
Ericsonia monilis^[251]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bown	Paleocene (Selandian)		Tanzania	A haptophyte belonging to the order Coccolithales and the family Coccolithaceae.
Ericsonia orbis^[251]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bown	Paleocene (Selandian)		Tanzania	A haptophyte belonging to the order Coccolithales and the family Coccolithaceae.
Galerosphaera^[271]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Porter & Riedman	Neoproterozoic	Chuar Group	United States ( Arizona)	An organic-walled microfossil; a new genus for "Vandalosphaeridium" walcottii Vidal & Ford (1985).
Gemmaphyton^[191]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wang et al.	Ediacaran	Doushantuo Formation	China	A macrofossil organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly an alga. The type species is G. taoyingensis.
Glomospirella cantabrica^[272]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schlagintweit, Rosales & Najarro	Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian)	Las Peñosas Formation Reocín Formation	Spain	A foraminifer belonging to the class Tubothalamea, the order Ammodiscida and the family Ammodiscidae.
Gomphosiphon^[240]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Liu et al.	Ordovician	Tarim Basin	China	A possible member of Cyanobacteria. The type species is Gomphosiphon xinjiangensis.
Helicolithus blairiae^[273]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kita, Watkins & Bergen	Late Cretaceous (late Santonian)	Niobrara Formation	United States ( Kansas)	A haptophyte belonging to the family Eiffellithaceae.
Hyalolithus tumescens^[274]	Sp. nov	Valid	Abe, Tsutsui & Jordan	Eocene		Barbados United States ( California)	A haptophyte belonging to the group Prymnesiales.
Idalina grelaudae^[247]	Sp. nov	Valid	Gallardo-Garcia & Serra-Kiel in Serra-Kiel et al.	Eocene		Oman Yemen	A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolida and the family Hauerinidae.
Idalina pignattii^[247]	Sp. nov	Valid	Gallardo-Garcia & Serra-Kiel in Serra-Kiel et al.	Oligocene	Ashawq Formation	Oman Yemen	A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolida and the family Hauerinidae.
Jimenezberrocosoia^[252]	Gen. et comb. et sp. nov	Valid	Lees & Bown	Cretaceous (Aptian-Turonian)		North Sea Basin Tanzania	A haptophyte belonging to the family Biscutaceae. Genus includes "Crucibiscutum" bosunensis Jeremiah (2001), as well as new species J. birchiae.
Jodhpurophycus^[275]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Kumar & Ahmad	Ediacaran	Jodhpur Sandstone	India	A possible alga of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species J. marwarensis.
Kaibabia^[271]	Gen. et sp. nov	Disputed	Porter & Riedman	Neoproterozoic	Chuar Group	United States ( Arizona)	An organic-walled microfossil. Genus includes new species K. gemmulella. Loron & Moczydłowska (2018) considered the genus Kaibabia to be a junior synonym of the genus Leiosphaeridia, and transferred the species K. gemmulella to the latter genus.^[262]
Karenagare^[255]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Riedman & Porter	Neoproterozoic	Alinya Formation	Australia Russia?	An acritarch. Genus includes new species K. alinyaensis.
Kokia kayae^[252]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lees & Bown	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)		Tanzania	A microfossil.
Lacazinella rogeri^[270]	Sp. nov	Valid	Serra-Kiel & Vicedo in Serra-Kiel et al.	Paleocene	Jafnayn Formation	Oman	A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolida and the family Fabulariidae.
Lanternithus unicavus^[251]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bown	Paleocene (Selandian)		Tanzania	A haptophyte belonging to the family Calyptrosphaeraceae.
Lantianella^[276]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid^[277]	Wan et al.	Early Ediacaran	Lantian Formation	China	An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement; might be a cnidarian (the possibility considered to be most likely by the authors of its description), or a macroalga. The type species is Lantianella laevis; genus also includes L. annularis.
Lanulatisphaera^[271]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Porter & Riedman	Neoproterozoic	Alinya Formation Chuar Group Karuyarvinskaya Formation Visingsö Group	Australia Russia Sweden United States ( Arizona) Greenland? Norway?	An organic-walled microfossil; a new genus for "Trachysphaeridium" laufeldi Vidal (1976).
Latiortenuiphyton^[191]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wang et al.	Ediacaran	Doushantuo Formation	China	A macroscopic alga of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is L. robusta.
Lindavia cohenii^[246]	Sp. nov	Valid	Mohan & Stone in Mohan, Stone & Campisano	Pliocene	Hadar Formation	Ethiopia	A diatom belonging to the group Thalassiosirales and the family Stephanodiscaceae.
Macetadiscus^[247]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Hottinger, Serra-Kiel & Gallardo-Garcia in Serra-Kiel et al.	Eocene		Oman Yemen	A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolida and the family Soritidae. The type species is M. incolumnatus.
Mallomonas elephantus^[278]	Sp. nov	Valid	Siver & Wolfe	Eocene		Canada	A synurophyte, a species of Mallomonas.
Megacrassispirella^[242]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Zhang in Zhang et al.	Permian	Xiala Formation	China	A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolata and the family Cornuspiridae. A new genus for "Ammodiscus" xarlashanensis Wang (1986).
Microlepidopalla^[271]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Porter & Riedman	Neoproterozoic, possibly also Mesoproterozoic	Chuar Group Moosehorn Lake Formation Muhos Formation?	United States ( Arizona) Finland?	An organic-walled microfossil. Genus includes new species M. mira.
Morgensternia^[255]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Riedman & Porter	Neoproterozoic	Alinya Formation	Australia	An acritarch. Genus includes new species M. officerensis.
Nannoconus funiculus^[252]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lees & Bown	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)		Tanzania	A haptophyte belonging to the family Nannoconaceae.
Nodocantabricus^[279]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Rigaud & Schlagintweit	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Altamira Formation Bielba Formation	Spain	A foraminifer belonging to the family Polymorphinidae. Genus includes new species N. duplexmurus.
Nyktericysta sibirica^[267]	Sp. nov	Valid	Razumkova	Early Cretaceous (Aptian)		Russia	A dinoflagellate belonging to the family Ceratiaceae.
Omanodiscus^[247]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Hottinger, Serra-Kiel & Gallardo-Garcia in Serra-Kiel et al.	Eocene		Oman	A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolida and the family Soritidae. The type species is O. tenuissimus.
Oolina barkeri^[268]	Sp. nov	Valid	Margerel	Late Pliocene-early Pleistocene		France	A foraminifer belonging to the family Ellipsolagenidae.
Oolina falsoscalariformis^[268]	Sp. nov	Valid	Margerel	Early Pliocene		France	A foraminifer belonging to the family Ellipsolagenidae.
Ortonellopsis^[244]	Gen. et sp. et comb. nov	Valid	Vachard & Cózar in Vachard et al.	Silurian-Triassic		Canada France Greece Spain	A member of Cyanobacteria belonging to the family Garwoodiaceae. The type species is O. laxa; genus also includes "Ortonella" mansellensis (Poncet, 1986) and "Ortonella" myrae Rácz (1964).
Paragraptobranca^[191]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wang et al.	Ediacaran	Doushantuo Formation	China	A macrofossil organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement, might be a macroalga or an animal. The type species is P. curvus.
Perissothallus dekovensis^[280]	Sp. nov	Valid	Pšenička & Krings	Carboniferous (Gzhelian)	Slaný Formation	Czech Republic	An alga of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Perissothallus.
Petrarhabdus? kirenii^[252]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lees & Bown	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)		Tanzania	A haptophyte belonging to the family Prediscosphaeraceae.
Piyuania^[276]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[277]	Wan et al.	Early Ediacaran	Lantian Formation	China	An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a cnidarian-grade animal. The type species is P. cyathiformis.
Plumeropriscum^[253]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mason & Narbonne	Ediacaran		Canada ( Newfoundland and Labrador)	A mop-like rangeomorph. The type species is P. hofmanni.
Pontosphaera veta^[251]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bown	Paleocene (Selandian)		Tanzania	A haptophyte belonging to the order Zygodiscales and the family Pontosphaeraceae.
Proaulopora pachydermatica^[240]	Sp. nov	Valid	Liu et al.	Ordovician	Tarim Basin	China	A possible member of Cyanobacteria, a species of Proaulopora.
Pseudoaccordiella^[247]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Gallardo-Garcia & Serra-Kiel in Serra-Kiel et al.	Eocene		Oman Yemen	A foraminifer belonging to the group Globothalamea and the family Pfenderinidae. The type species is P. ayaki.
Pseudodoushantuophyton^[191]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wang et al.	Ediacaran	Doushantuo Formation	China	A probably a macroalga. The type species is P. wenghuiensis.
Pseudolituonella robineti^[247]	Sp. nov	Valid	Gallardo-Garcia & Serra-Kiel in Serra-Kiel et al.	Eocene	Aydim Formation	Oman Yemen	A foraminifer belonging to the group Globothalamea and the family Coskinolinidae.
Pseudonumoloculina kalantarii^[239]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schlagintweit & Rashidi	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Tarbur Formation	Iran	A foraminifer belonging to the family Hauerinidae.
Pseudorhapydionina bilottei^[281]	Sp. nov	Valid	Consorti, Boix & Caus	Late Cretaceous (Santonian)	La Cova Unit	Spain	A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolida and the family Praerhapydioninidae.
Qianchuania^[276]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[277]	Wan et al.	Early Ediacaran	Lantian Formation	China	An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a cnidarian-grade animal. The type species is Q. fusiformis.
Rogerella^[247]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Gallardo-Garcia & Serra-Kiel in Serra-Kiel et al.	Eocene	Aydim Formation	Oman Yemen	A foraminifer belonging to the group Globothalamea and the family Orbitolinidae. The type species is R. aydimi.
Rossanella^[282]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Rigaud & Blau	Early Jurassic (Hettangian–Sinemurian)	Schnöll Formation	Austria	A foraminifer belonging to the group Robertinida and the family Conorboididae. The type species is R. martinii.
Rothpletzella longita^[240]	Sp. nov	Valid	Liu et al.	Ordovician	Tarim Basin	China	A microorganism of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Rothpletzella.
Socotraella^[247]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Gallardo-Garcia & Serra-Kiel in Serra-Kiel et al.	Oligocene	Ashawq Formation Aydim Formation	Oman Yemen	A foraminifer belonging to the group Globothalamea and the family Valvulinidae. The type species is S. ashawqi.
Solisphaera palmula^[251]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bown	Middle-Late Paleocene		Tanzania	A haptophyte belonging to the order Syracosphaerales, related to the family Rhabdosphaeraceae.
Solisphaera tegula^[251]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bown	Middle Paleocene to Middle Eocene		Tanzania	A haptophyte belonging to the order Syracosphaerales, related to the family Rhabdosphaeraceae.
Sphenolithus pospichalii^[283]	Sp. nov	Valid	Jiang et al.	Early Miocene		Northern shelf of the South China Sea	A microfossil.
Spirolina? farsiana^[239]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schlagintweit & Rashidi	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Tarbur Formation	Iran	A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolida and the superfamily Soritoidea.
Surninia^[284]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Kolosov	Ediacaran		Russia	A microorganism. Genus includes new species S. implicata.
Tectatodinium nigeriaense^[241]	Sp. nov	Valid	Awad & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleocene		Gulf of Guinea (Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana Transform Margin) Nigeria	A dinoflagellate belonging to the group Gonyaulacales.
Tongrenphyton^[191]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wang et al.	Ediacaran	Doushantuo Formation	China	A probably a eukaryotic alga. The type species is T. komma.
Toweius patellus^[251]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bown	Paleocene (Selandian)		Tanzania	A haptophyte belonging to the order Isochrysidales and the family Prinsiaceae.
Toweius reticulum^[251]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bown	Late Paleocene		Tanzania	A haptophyte belonging to the order Isochrysidales and the family Prinsiaceae.
Trochoguembelitria liuae^[285]	Sp. nov	Valid	Arenillas, Arz & Náñez	Paleocene (early Danian)	El Haria Formation	Tunisia	A foraminifer belonging to the group Heterohelicacea and the family Guembelitriidae.
Trochoguembelitria olssoni^[285]	Sp. nov	Valid	Arenillas, Arz & Náñez	Paleocene (early Danian)	El Haria Formation	Tunisia	A foraminifer belonging to the group Heterohelicacea and the family Guembelitriidae.
Velleditsiella^[282]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Rigaud & Blau	Early Jurassic (Hettangian–Sinemurian)	Schnöll Formation	Austria	A foraminifer belonging to the group Robertinida and the family Trochosiphoniidae. The type species is V. felicitaszae; genus also includes V. spinaferra.
Vendophycus^[275]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Kumar & Ahmad	Ediacaran	Jodhpur Sandstone	India	A possible alga of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species V. rajasthanensis and V. sursagarensis.
Vidalopalla^[255]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Riedman & Porter	Mesoproterozoic^[286] and Neoproterozoic	Alinya Formation Baffin Bay Group Ekkerøy Formation Klubbnes Formation^[286] Ruyang Group^[286]	Australia China^[286] Greenland India^[286] Norway Russia^[286] United States^[286]	A microfossil. Genus includes "Kildinosphaera" verrucata Vidal in Vidal & Siedlecka (1983), as well as "Kildinosphaera" granulata Vidal in Vidal & Siedlecka (1983).^[286]
Volleyballia^[271]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Porter & Riedman	Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic	Alinya Formation^[255] Browne Formation Chuar Group Conselheiro Mata Group	Australia^[255] Botswana^[263] Brazil United States ( Arizona)	An organic-walled microfossil. Genus includes new species V. dehlerae.
Xianella^[287]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lee & Riding	Middle–Late Ordovician		China	A member of Cyanobacteria. The type species is X. hongii.
Xiuningella^[276]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[277]	Wan et al.	Early Ediacaran	Lantian Formation	China	An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement; might be a worm-like animal or an alga. The type species is X. rara.
Youngilithus bipons^[251]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bown	Paleocene (Selandian)		Tanzania	A haptophyte belonging to the family Calyptrosphaeraceae.
Youngilithus transversipons^[251]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bown	Middle-Late Paleocene		Tanzania	A haptophyte belonging to the family Calyptrosphaeraceae.
Zuunartsphyton^[256]	Gen. et sp. nov		Dornbos et al.	Ediacaran	Zuun-Arts Formation	Mongolia	A multicellular benthic alga of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Zuunartsphyton delicatum.

Research

Probable stromatolites are described from the 3,700-Myr-old rocks from the Isua supracrustal belt (Greenland) by Nutman et al. (2016);^[288] however, Allwood et al. (2018) subsequently argue that these putative stromatolites as more likely to be structures of non-biological origin.^[289]
Exceptionally large, organic, smooth-walled, coccoidal microfossils are described from the 2.52 Ga Gamohaan Formation (South Africa) by Czaja, Beukes & Osterhout (2016), who interpret them as fossils of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria similar to members of the modern genus Thiomargarita.^[290]
Macroscopic fossils up to 30 cm long and nearly 8 cm wide are described from the 1,56-billion-year-old Gaoyuzhuang Formation (Yanshan area, North China) by Zhu et al. (2016), who interpret them as probable fossils of benthic multicellular eukaryotes of size that is unprecedentedly large for eukaryotes older than the Ediacaran Period.^[291]
Organic-walled microfossils (at least some of which are eukaryote fossils) with holes in the walls similar to those formed by predatory protists in the walls of their prey to consume the contents inside are described from the 780–740 million-year-old Chuar Group (Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA) by Porter (2016).^[292]
Tubular microfossils showing similarities to modern coenocytic green and yellow-green algae are described from the ~2.8 to 2.7 Ga lacustrine deposits in South Africa by Kaźmierczak et al. (2016).^[293]
Soft-bodied discoidal specimens resembling Aspidella are described from the Ediacaran Cerro Negro Formation (Argentina) by Arrouy et al. (2016).^[294]

References

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[SaucrorthisFauna-59] Leonid E. Popov; Mohammad Reza Kebriaee-Zadeh; Mansoureh Ghobadi Pour (2016). "Emergence of the Saucrorthis Fauna in the middle Ordovician of Northern Iran". Australasian Palaeontological Memoirs. 49: 485–514.

[AGP662brachiopods-60] Andrzej Baliński; Grzegorz Racki; Adam T. Halamski (2016). "Brachiopods and stratigraphy of the Upper Devonian (Frasnian) succession of the Radlin Syncline (Holy Cross Mountains, Poland)". Acta Geologica Polonica. 66 (2): 107–156. doi:10.1515/agp-2016-0006. S2CID 54711396.

[RdPG352brachiopods-61] Heinz Sulser (2016). "Die Brachiopoden der Klippendecke (Préalpes médianes) in den Préalpes romandes der Südwestschweiz, des Chablais und der zentralschweizerischen Klippen: eine Übersicht und paläogeographische Beziehungen". Revue de Paléobiologie, Genève. 35 (2): 385–416. doi:10.5281/zenodo.269007.

[Crispithyris-62] ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Donald Alexander Bankier MacFarlan (2016). "Middle and Late Jurassic terebratulides from New Zealand". Palaeoworld. 25 (4): 467–495. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2016.07.001.

[Weberproductus-63] Miguel A. Torres-Martínez; Francisco Sour-Tovar (2016). "New productide brachiopods (Productoidea) from the Carboniferous of Ixtaltepec Formation, Oaxaca, Mexico". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (3): 418–432. Bibcode:2016JPal...90..418T. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.54. S2CID 132864637.

[Parazhanatella-64] Ian G. Percival; Michael J. Engelbretsen; Shanchi Peng (2016). "Drumian and Guzhangian (middle Cambrian) lingulate brachiopods from Hunan province, China". Australasian Palaeontological Memoirs. 49: 433–446.

[Minutomena-65] Q. L. Zeng; X. H. Chen; C. S. Wang; M. Zhang; H. Q. Han (2016). Hirnantia fauna of Yichang district, its paleoecology and extinction, and the biotic evolution in Llandovery. China University of Geosciences Press. pp. 1–112. ISBN 9787562538356.

[66] Paul Copper (2016). "Cerasinella, A replacement name for the Silurian brachiopod genus Cerasina Copper 1995, Anticosti Island". Journal of Paleontology. 89 (5): 894. doi:10.1017/jpa.2015.55. S2CID 130558774.

[Siberioproductus-67] Valeryi V. Baranov; Elena V. Sokiran; Robert B. Blodgett (2016). "Late Devonian (Famennian) brachiopods, conodonts, biogeography and sedimentary geology of Bel'kovsky Island (Russian Arctic)". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 74: 25–40.

[Chilcatreta-68] Fernando J. Lavié; Juan L. Benedetto (2016). "Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) linguliform and craniiform brachiopods from the Precordillera (Cuyania Terrane) of west-central Argentina". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (6): 1068–1080. Bibcode:2016JPal...90.1068L. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.111. S2CID 132148237.

[Gretchispirifer-69] N. V. Oleneva (2016). "Devonian brachiopods of the orders Spiriferida and Spiriferinida of the European Russia and Transcaucasia: Systematics, shell microstructure, and microornament". Paleontological Journal. 50 (11): 1207–1296. doi:10.1134/S0031030116110010. S2CID 132121592.

[EJES652brachiopods-70] Juozas Paškevičius; Linda Hints (2016). "New Early Katian species of Leptestiidae and Hesperorthidae (Brachiopoda) from Lithuania". Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences. 65 (2): 75–84. doi:10.3176/earth.2016.05.

[JSAESPasoHondoFm-71] Miguel A. Torres-Martínez; Francisco Sour-Tovar; Ricardo Barragán (2016). "Permian (Leonardian) brachiopods from Paso Hondo Formation, Chiapas, southern Mexico. Paleobiogeographical implications". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 71: 71–81. Bibcode:2016JSAES..71...71T. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2016.06.012.

[JP905brachiopods-72] Jennifer E. Bauer; Alycia L. Stigall (2016). "A combined morphometric and phylogenetic revision of the Late Ordovician brachiopod genera Eochonetes and Thaerodonta". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (5): 888–909. Bibcode:2016JPal...90..888B. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.56. S2CID 89279521.

[73] Maria Aleksandra Bitner; Christian C. Emig (2016). "On the type species of Lingularia, and description of Eolingularia n. gen". Carnets de Géologie. 16 (22): 543–555. doi:10.4267/2042/56006. Archived from the original on 2016-12-11. Retrieved 2016-12-07.

[PR202brachiopods-74] Jun-Ichi Tazawa (2016). "Three New Brachiopod Species from the Middle Permian (Wordian) of the South Kitakami Belt, Northeastern Japan". Paleontological Research. 20 (2): 80–89. doi:10.2517/2015PR021. S2CID 130187815.

[Gondwanorthis-75] Juan L. Benedetto; Diego F. Muñoz (2016). "Plectorthoid brachiopods from the Lower Ordovician of north-western Argentina; phylogenetic relationships with Tarfaya Havlíček and the origin of heterorthids". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 15 (1): 43–67. doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1144086. S2CID 131008337.

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[77] Norton Hiller (2016). "New Cretaceous brachiopods from the South Island, New Zealand" (PDF). Records of the Canterbury Museum. 30: 5–12.

[Qaidamospirifer-78] G.R. Shi; Zhong-Qiang Chen; Sangmin Lee; Li-Pei Zhan (2016). "Early Carboniferous spiriferoid brachiopods from the Qaidam Basin, Northwest China: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and biogeography". Palaeoworld. 25 (4): 581–599. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2016.07.003.

[Gundaria-79] Lucia Angiolini; Mark Campagna; Letizia Borlenghi; Tatiana Grunt; Daniel Vachard; Giovanni Vezzoli; Irene Vuolo; James Worthington; Alda Nicora; Andrea Zanchi (2016). "Brachiopods from the Cisuralian–Guadalupian of Darvaz, Tajikistan and implications for Permian stratigraphic correlations". Palaeoworld. 25 (4): 539–568. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2016.05.006. hdl:2434/448573.

[Harperoides-80] Valeryi V. Baranov; Robert B. Blodgett (2016). "Two New Brachiopod Genera from the Lower Pragian (Lower Devonian, Soda Creek Limestone) of West-Central Alaska". Paleontological Journal. 50 (1): 34–40. doi:10.1134/S0031030116010020. S2CID 131471145.

[Palaeoworld2019-81] Jia-Yu Rong; Kyi Pyar Aung; Ren-Bin Zhan; Bing Huang; David A.T. Harper; Di Chen; Hang-Hang Zhou; Xiao-Le Zhang (2019). "The latest Ordovician Hirnantia brachiopod Fauna of Myanmar: Significance of new data from the Mandalay Region" (PDF). Palaeoworld. 29 (1): 1–30. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2019.07.002. S2CID 199092416.

[Sartenaerirhynchus-82] Ulrich Jansen (2016). "Brachiopod faunas, facies and biostratigraphy of the Pridolian to lower Eifelian succession in the Rhenish Massif (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, Germany)". In R. T. Becker; P. Königshof; C. E. Brett (eds.). Devonian Climate, Sea Level and Evolutionary Events. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. Vol. 423. The Geological Society of London. pp. 45–122. doi:10.1144/SP423.11. ISBN 978-1-86239-734-7. S2CID 130682555.

[PJ505Jakutoproductus-83] V.I. Makoshin (2016). "New Species of Jakutoproductus from the Lower Permian of Verkhoyansk Region". Paleontological Journal. 50 (5): 463–470. doi:10.1134/S0031030116050087. S2CID 133001175.

[APPperiGondwana-84] Jorge Colmenar (2016). "Ordovician rafinesquinine brachiopods from peri-Gondwana". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61 (2): 293–326. doi:10.4202/app.00102.2014. S2CID 54862401.

[85] Michal Mergl; Petr Kraft (2016). "A new Ordovician paterinate brachiopod from the Barrandian area of the Czech Republic". Australasian Palaeontological Memoirs. 49: 283–288.

[86] Weihong He; Kexin Zhang; Zhong-Qiang Chen; Jiaxin Yan; Tinglu Yang; Yang Zhang; Songzhu Gu; Shunbao Wu (2016). "A new genus Liaous of early Anisian Stage (Middle Triassic) brachiopods from southwestern China: systematics, reassessment of classification of the Spiriferinioidea, community paleoecology, and paleoenvironmental implications". Journal of Paleontology. 89 (6): 966–979. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.6. S2CID 88456966.

[87] Arturo César Taboada; Jacqueline Peixoto Neves; Luiz Carlos Weinschütz; Maria Alejandra Pagani; Marcello Guimarães Simões (2016). "Eurydesma-Lyonia Fauna (early Permian) from The Itararé Group, Paraná basin (Brazil): A Paleobiogeographic W-E Trans-Gondwanan Marine connection". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 449: 431–454. Bibcode:2016PPP...449..431T. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.02.022. hdl:11449/172653.

[Mendozotreta-88] Lars E. Holmer; Leonid E. Popov; Oliver Lehnert; Mansoureh Ghobadi Pour (2016). "Ordovician (Darriwilian-Sandbian) linguliform brachiopods from the Southern Cuyania Terrane of West-central Argentina". Australasian Palaeontological Memoirs. 49: 31–50.

[Taungurungetes-89] C. Earp (2016). "Late Early Devonian brachiopods from Montys Hut Formation, central Victoria, Australia". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 40 (2): 161–181. doi:10.1080/03115518.2016.1102557. S2CID 131466671.

[90] Maria Aleksandra Bitner; Neda Motchurova-Dekova (2016). "Middle Miocene (Badenian) brachiopods from Yasen, northwestern Bulgaria: taxonomic composition and biogeographical significance". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 279 (1): 7–22. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2016/0536.

[Tomteluvidae-91] Michael Streng; Aodhán D. Butler; John S. Peel; Russell J. Garwood; Jean-Bernard Caron (2016). "A new family of Cambrian rhynchonelliformean brachiopods (Order Naukatida) with an aberrant coral-like morphology". Palaeontology. 59 (2): 269–293. Bibcode:2016Palgy..59..269S. doi:10.1111/pala.12226. S2CID 131927840.

[92] Ane Elise Schrøder; Bodil W. Lauridsen; Finn Surlyk (2016). "Obliquorhynchia (gen. nov.): An asymmetric brachiopod from the middle Danian Faxe Formation, Denmark" (PDF). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 64: 97–109. doi:10.37570/bgsd-2016-64-05.

[93] Bernard Mottequin; Denise Brice (2016). "Upper and uppermost Famennian (Devonian) brachiopods from north-western France (Avesnois) and southern Belgium". Geologica Belgica. 19 (1–2): 121–134. doi:10.20341/gb.2016.004.

[94] Michal Mergl; Lucie Nolčová (2016). "Schizocrania (Brachiopoda, Discinoidea): taxonomy, occurrence, ecology and history of the earliest epizoan lingulate brachiopod" (PDF). Fossil Imprint. 72 (3–4): 225–238. doi:10.14446/FI.2016.225.

[95] Zhi-Fei Zhang; Zhi-Liang Zhang; Guo-Xiang Li; Lars E. Holmer (2016). "The Cambrian brachiopod fauna from the first-trilobite age Shuijingtuo Formation in the Three Gorges area of China". Palaeoworld. 25 (3): 333–355. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2015.10.001.

[96] Juozas Paškevičius (2016). "Pecularities of the lithology and fauna of the early Katian (Ordovician) in the Lithuanian facies zone". Geologija. Geografija. 2 (2): 49–61. doi:10.6001/geol-geogr.v2i2.3318.

[97] Bing Huang; B. Gudveig Baarli; Ren-Bin Zhan; Jia-Yu Rong (2016). "A new early Silurian brachiopod genus, Thulatrypa, from Norway and South China, and its palaeobiogeographical significance". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 40 (1): 83–97. doi:10.1080/03115518.2016.1092066. S2CID 131549550.

[98] Renato Posenato (2016). "Systematics of lingulide brachiopods from the end-Permian mass extinction interval". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 122 (2): 85–108. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/7259. S2CID 133296529.

[CRCairoGeologicalMuseum-99] Gamal M. El Qot; Marouf A. Abdelhamid; Medhat S. Abdelghany (2016). "Revision of Cenomanian regular echinoids in collections at the Cairo Geological Museum, Egypt". Cretaceous Research. 67: 91–125. Bibcode:2016CrRes..67...91E. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.07.002.

[Costatocrinus-100] ^ a b c d e f g h i Andrew Scott Gale (2016). "Roveacrinida (Crinoidea, Articulata) from the Santonian–Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of England, the US Gulf Coast (Texas, Mississippi) and southern Sweden". Papers in Palaeontology. 2 (4): 489–532. doi:10.1002/spp2.1050. S2CID 132079350.

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[NJGPA2792cyrtocrinids-102] Krystian Konieczyński; Andrzej Pisera; István Fózy (2016). "Early Cretaceous cyrtocrinids (Crinoidea) from the Gerecse Mountains, northern Hungary". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 279 (2): 155–166. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2016/0547.

[CR57echinoids-103] Marouf A.M. Abdelhamid; Gamal M.E. El Qot; Medhat S. Abdelghany (2016). "Revision of the Cretaceous echinoids Heterodiadema and Trochodiadema, and description of two new genera from the Middle East and Arabian Peninsula". Cretaceous Research. 57: 1–18. Bibcode:2016CrRes..57....1A. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.07.006.

[104] Daniel B. Blake; Thomas E. Guensburg (2016). "An asteroid (Echinodermata) faunule from the Oxfordian Swift Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Montana". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (6): 1160–1168. Bibcode:2016JPal...90.1160B. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.70. S2CID 132837071.

[105] Stephen K. Donovan; David G. Keighley (2016). "Fossil crinoids from the basal West Point Formation (Silurian), southeast Gaspé Peninsula, Québec, eastern Canada". Atlantic Geology. 52: 211–222. doi:10.4138/atlgeol.2016.010.

[GSasteroids-106] Birgit Niebuhr; Ekbert Seibertz (2016). "Kreide-Fossilien in Sachsen, Teil 2. 13. Asteroiden (Seesterne)" (PDF). Geologica Saxonica. 62: 113–141.

[Carolinaster-107] Adam S. Osborn; Rich Mooi; Charles N. Ciampaglio (2016). "Additions to the Eocene echinoid fauna of the southeastern United States, including a new genus and species of prenasterid heart urchin". Southeastern Geology. 52 (1): 33–59.

[108] Birgit Niebuhr; Ekbert Seibertz (2018). "Comptoniaster michaelisi nom. nov. (Asteroidea, Goniasteridae): Revision of a starfish species from the lower Upper Cretaceous of central Europe previously described as Pentagonaster semilunatus and Asterias schulzii". Cretaceous Research. 87: 126–144. Bibcode:2018CrRes..87..126N. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.05.018. S2CID 134314142.

[Cunidentechinus-109] A.B. Smith (2016). "British Jurassic regular echinoids. Part 2 - Carinacea". Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society. 170 (646): 69–176. doi:10.1080/02693445.2016.11963957. S2CID 133723290.

[110] Aaron W. Hunter; Adrian W.A. Rushton; Philip Stone (2016). "Comments on the ophiuroid family Protasteridae and description of a new genus from the Lower Devonian of the Fox Bay Formation, Falkland Islands" (PDF). Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 40 (4): 429–442. doi:10.1080/03115518.2016.1218246. S2CID 132650443.

[111] Jack W. Kallmeyer; William I. Ausich (2016). "Deepwater occurrence of a new Glyptocrinus (Crinoidea, Camerata) from the Late Ordovician of southwestern Ohio and northern Kentucky: revision of crinoid paleocommunity composition". Journal of Paleontology. 89 (6): 1068–1075. doi:10.1017/jpa.2015.72. S2CID 131238632.

[Hiiumaacrinus-112] William I. Ausich; Mark A. Wilson (2016). "Llandovery (early Silurian) crinoids from Hiiumaa Island, western Estonia". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (6): 1138–1147. Bibcode:2016JPal...90.1138A. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.120. S2CID 133155370.

[113] Aaron W. Hunter; Neal L. Larson; Neil H. Landman; Tatsuo Oji (2016). "Lakotacrinus brezinai n. gen. n. sp., a new stalked crinoid from cold methane seeps in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Pierre Shale, South Dakota, United States". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (3): 506–524. Bibcode:2016JPal...90..506H. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.21. S2CID 132578529.

[Lehmannaster-114] Daniel B. Blake; Thomas E. Guensburg; Bertrand Lefebvre (2016). "New Early Paleozoic Asterozoa (Echinodermata) from the Armorican Massif, France, and the Western United States". Annales de Paléontologie. 102 (3): 161–181. Bibcode:2016AnPal.102..161B. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2016.08.002.

[115] C. R. C. Paul; S. V. Rozhnov (2016). "Revision of Scoliocystis (Rhombifera: Echinoencrinitidae) and related cystoid genera". Paleontological Journal. 50 (3): 255–275. doi:10.1134/S0031030116030059. S2CID 88739526.

[BGMariania-116] Paolo Stara; Enrico Borghi; Andreas Kroh (2016). "Revision of the genus Mariania (Echinoidea) with the description of two new species from the Miocene of Italy". Bulletin of Geosciences. 91 (1): 65–88. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1576.

[117] Rich Mooi; Sergio A. Martínez; Claudia J. del Río (2016). "A new South American Miocene species of 'one-holed' sand dollar (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida: Monophorasteridae)". Zootaxa. 4173 (1): 45–54. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4173.1.4. hdl:11336/46970. PMID 27701202. S2CID 26453463.

[Nemus6-118] Enric Forner i Valls (2016). "Els neognatostomats (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) de la formació Artoles del Barremià de la conca del Maestrat". Nemus: Revista de l'Ateneu de Natura. 6: 35–60.

[119] Hans Hess; Walter Etter; Hans Hagdorn (2016). "Roveacrinida (Crinoidea) from Late Triassic (early Carnian) black shales of Southwest China". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 135 (2): 249–274. doi:10.1007/s13358-016-0116-3. S2CID 129982473.

[120] Sergey V. Rozhnov (2016). "Aboral nervous system in two Ordovician crinoids: reconstruction and comparison of Baltic Pentamerocrinus Jaekel and Grammocrinus Eichwald". Paleontological Journal. 50 (2): 163–173. doi:10.1134/S0031030116020064. S2CID 89151163.

[121] Enrico Borghi; Vittorio Garilli (2016). "A new subtropical-temperate brooding echinoid with no marsupium: the first Mediterranean and the last European Temnopleuridae from the Early Pleistocene of Italy". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 15 (4): 313–337. doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1184191. S2CID 132652930.

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[124] Elizabeth C. Rhenberg; William I. Ausich; David L. Meyer (2016). "Actinocrinitidae from the Lower Mississippian Fort Payne Formation of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama (Crinoidea, Viséan)". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (6): 1148–1159. Bibcode:2016JPal...90.1148R. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.85. S2CID 133132187.

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[Cypricriodus-126] Michael A. Murphy; Peter Carls; José Ignacio Valenzuela-Ríos (2016). "Cypricriodus hesperius (Klapper and Murphy, 1975): taxonomy and biostratigraphy". University of California, Riverside Campus Museum Contribution. 8: 1–24.

[127] Thomas J. Suttner; Erika Kido; Antonino Briguglio (2018). "A new icriodontid conodont cluster with specific mesowear supports an alternative apparatus motion model for Icriodontidae". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 16 (11): 909–926. doi:10.1080/14772019.2017.1354090. PMC 6023268. PMID 29997454.

[128] Jian-Feng Lu; Wen-Kun Qie; Xiu-Qin Chen (2016). "Pragian and lower Emsian (Lower Devonian) conodonts from Liujing, Guangxi, South China". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 40 (2): 275–296. doi:10.1080/03115518.2016.1129490. S2CID 132774625.

[129] Ali Murat Kiliç (2016). "A new pelagic conodont taxon of the Central Pontides (Turkey)". Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 25 (5): 456–466. doi:10.3906/yer-1602-4.

[ExcelloShale-130] Merlynd K. Nestell; Bruce R. Wardlaw; John P. Pope (2016). "A well-preserved conodont fauna from the Pennsylvanian Excello Shale of Iowa, U. S. A.". Micropaleontology. 62 (2): 93–114. Bibcode:2016MiPal..62...93N. doi:10.47894/mpal.62.2.01. S2CID 131928898.

[131] Katarzyna Narkiewicz; Pierre Bultynck (2016). "Taxonomy and biostratigraphic significance of Icriodus orri Klapper and Barrick and related Middle Devonian conodont species". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (6): 1181–1196. Bibcode:2016JPal...90.1181N. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.41. S2CID 131933156.

[PPPWulankeshun-132] Z.H. Wang; R.T. Becker; Z.S. Aboussalam; S. Hartenfels; M.M. Joachimski; Y.M. Gong (2016). "Conodont and carbon isotope stratigraphy near the Frasnian/Famennian (Devonian) boundary at Wulankeshun, Junggar Basin, NW China". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 448: 279–297. Bibcode:2016PPP...448..279W. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.12.029.

[133] Nicholas J. Hogancamp; James E. Barrick; Richard E. Strauss (2016). "Geometric morphometric analysis and taxonomic revision of the Gzhelian (Late Pennsylvanian) conodont Idiognathodus simulator from North America". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61 (3): 477–502. doi:10.4202/app.00198.2015. S2CID 73714773.

[134] James E. Barrick; Nicholas J. Hogancamp; Steven J. Rosscoe (2022). "Evolutionary patterns in Late Pennsylvanian conodonts". In S.G. Lucas; W.A. DiMichele; S. Opluštil; X. Wang (eds.). Ice Ages, Climate Dynamics and Biotic Events: the Late Pennsylvanian World. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. Vol. 535. The Geological Society of London. pp. 383–408. doi:10.1144/SP535-2022-139. S2CID 253194718.

[JPNeogondolella-135] Martyn L. Golding; Michael J. Orchard (2016). "New species of the conodont Neogondolella from the Anisian (Middle Triassic) of northeastern British Columbia, Canada, and their importance for regional correlation". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (6): 1197–1211. Bibcode:2016JPal...90.1197G. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.119. S2CID 133185157.

[136] Martyn L. Golding; Michael J. Orchard (2018). "Magnigondolella, a new conodont genus from the Triassic of North America". Journal of Paleontology. 92 (2): 207–220. Bibcode:2018JPal...92..207G. doi:10.1017/jpa.2017.123. S2CID 133681181.

[PPPIdrijaZiri-137] Yanlong Chen; Tea Kolar-Jurkovšek; Bogdan Jurkovšek; Dunja Aljinović; Sylvain Richoz (2016). "Early Triassic conodonts and carbonate carbon isotope record of the Idrija-Žiri area, Slovenia". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 444: 84–100. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.12.013.

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[221] Peiyun Cong; Allison C. Daley; Gregory D. Edgecombe; Xianguang Hou; Ailin Chen (2016). "Morphology of the radiodontan Lyrarapax from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (4): 663–671. Bibcode:2016JPal...90..663C. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.67. S2CID 88742430.

[222] Peter D. Kruse; Nigel C. Hughes (2016). "Himalayan Cambrian hyoliths". Papers in Palaeontology. 2 (3): 323–341. doi:10.1002/spp2.1043. S2CID 132531901.

[223] Yuning Yang; Yuanlong Zhao; Xingliang Zhang (2016). "Fossil priapulid Ottoia from the Kaili biota (Cambrian Series 3) of South China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 14 (6): 527–543. doi:10.1080/14772019.2015.1077900. S2CID 131177349.

[224] Jianni Liu; Jian Han; Jinshu Li; Yichen Wu; Jie Peng; Nan Qi; Yiyao Yang; Juan Li (2016). "New Localities and Palaeoscolecid Worms from the Cambrian (Stage 4, Series 2) Guanshan Biota in Kunming, Yunnan, South China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 90 (6): 1939–1945. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.13013. S2CID 132216305.

[225] Rossana Sanfilippo; Agatino Reitano; Gianni Insacco; Antonietta Rosso (2016). "A new tubeworm of possible serpulid affinity from the Permian of Sicily". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61 (3): 621–626. doi:10.4202/app.00209.2015. S2CID 54697552.

[Rajatubulus-226] Ben Yang; Michael Steiner; Maoyan Zhu; Guoxiang Li; Jianni Liu; Pengju Liu (2016). "Transitional Ediacaran–Cambrian small skeletal fossil assemblages from South China and Kazakhstan: Implications for chronostratigraphy and metazoan evolution". Precambrian Research. 285: 202–215. Bibcode:2016PreR..285..202Y. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2016.09.016.

[227] Jeong-Hyun Lee; Jusun Woo; Dong-Jin Lee (2016). "The earliest reef-building anthaspidellid sponge Rankenella zhangxianensis n. sp. from the Zhangxia Formation (Cambrian Series 3), Shandong Province, China". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (1): 1–9. Bibcode:2016JPal...90....1L. doi:10.1017/jpa.2015.53. S2CID 133474488.

[228] Christopher B. Cameron (2016). "Saccoglossus testa from the Mazon Creek fauna (Pennsylvanian of Illinois) and the evolution of acorn worms (Enteropneusta: Hemichordata)". Palaeontology. 59 (3): 329–336. Bibcode:2016Palgy..59..329C. doi:10.1111/pala.12235. S2CID 87479662.

[229] Yuning Yang; Xingliang Zhang (2016). "Distinctive Scleritome with Marginal Tubercles of a New Palaeoscolecid Worm from the Shipai Fauna (Cambrian Epoch 2) at Three Gorges, South China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 90 (3): 807–817. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12724. S2CID 132852259.

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[231] Anna Kozłowska (2016). "A new generic name, Semigothograptus, for Gothograptus? meganassa Rickards & Palmer, 2002, from the Silurian post-lundgreni Biozone recovery phase, and comparative morphology of retiolitids from the lowermost upper Homerian (upper Wenlock)". Zootaxa. 4208 (6): 534–546. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4208.6.2. PMID 28006796.

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[Spinuliconchus-233] Michał Zatoń; Ewa Olempska (2016). "A family-level classification of the Order Microconchida (Class Tentaculita) and the description of two new microconchid genera". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 29 (7): 885–894. doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1261858. S2CID 90129242.

[234] Marcelo G. Carrera; Juan José Rustán (2016). "The new genus Talacastospongia: insights on the first record of a Devonian sponge from South America". Journal of Paleontology. 89 (6): 912–919. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.9. S2CID 131204302.

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[APR121foraminifers-239] Felix Schlagintweit; Koorosh Rashidi (2016). "Some new and poorly known benthic Foraminifera from late Maastrichtian shallow-water carbonates of the Zagros Zone, SW Iran" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae. 12 (1): 53–70. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-09-17. Retrieved 2016-09-17.

[Acuasiphonoria-240] Lijing Liu; Yasheng Wu; Haijun Yang; Robert Riding (2016). "Ordovician calcified cyanobacteria and associated microfossils from the Tarim Basin, Northwest China: systematics and significance". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 14 (3): 183–210. doi:10.1080/14772019.2015.1030128. S2CID 129684955.

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[Megacrassispirella-242] Yi-chun Zhang; Shu-zhong Shen; Yu-jie Zhang; Tong-xing Zhu; Xian-yin An (2016). "Middle Permian non-fusuline foraminifers from the middle part of the Xiala Formation in Xainza County, Lhasa Block, Tibet". The Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 46 (2): 99–114. doi:10.2113/gsjfr.46.2.99.

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[249] Poul Schiøler (2016). "Bianchina hieroglyphica gen. et sp. nov., a new dinoflagellate cyst with a unique archaeopyle type and ornament from the mid-Cretaceous of the East Coast Basin, New Zealand". Palynology. 40 (3): 411–417. Bibcode:2016Paly...40..411S. doi:10.1080/01916122.2015.1092479. S2CID 140186934.

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[Broccoliforma-253] Sara J. Mason; Guy M. Narbonne (2016). "Two new Ediacaran small fronds from Mistaken Point, Newfoundland". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (2): 183–194. Bibcode:2016JPal...90..183M. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.14. S2CID 89425525.

[254] George Pleş; Ioan I. Bucur; Emanoil Săsăran (2016). "Lower Cretaceous shallow-water carbonates and a new lituolid foraminifer (Bulbobaculites felixi n. sp.) from the Northern Apuseni Mountains (Romania)". Facies. 62 (4): 27. doi:10.1007/s10347-016-0478-4. S2CID 132761425.

[Caelatimurus-255] Leigh Anne Riedman; Susannah M. Porter (2016). "Organic-walled microfossils of the mid-Neoproterozoic Alinya Formation, Officer Basin, Australia". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (5): 854–887. Bibcode:2016JPal...90..854R. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.49. S2CID 132652277.

[Chinggiskhaania-256] Stephen Q. Dornbos; Tatsuo Oji; Akihiro Kanayama; Sersmaa Gonchigdorj (2016). "A new Burgess Shale-type deposit from the Ediacaran of western Mongolia". Scientific Reports. 6: Article number 23438. Bibcode:2016NatSR...623438D. doi:10.1038/srep23438. PMC 4796905. PMID 26988136.

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[259] Elena Jovanovska; Aleksandra Cvetkoska; Slavica Tofilovska; Nadja Ognjanova-Rumenova; Zlatko Levkov (2016). "Description of a new fossil diatom genus, Cribrionella gen. nov. (Bacillariophyta) from Quaternary sediments of Lake Ohrid". Phytotaxa. 252 (1): 31–42. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.252.1.3.

[260] Jerzy Dzik; Andrzej Baliński; Yuanlin Sun (2016). "An Early Ordovician clonal organism from China with a zig-zagged suture on branches". Bulletin of Geosciences. 91 (2): 319–329. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1575.

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[Pseudofavulina-268] Jean-Pierre Margerel (2016). "Étude critique des genres Favulina, Homalohedra, Oolina, Entosolenia et Pseudofavulina n. gen. du Pliocène et du Pléistocène inférieur de la France occidentale et du Sud de l'Angleterre". Geodiversitas. 38 (4): 559–578. doi:10.5252/g2016n4a6. S2CID 132639070.

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[Kaibabia-271] Susannah M. Porter; Leigh Anne Riedman (2016). "Systematics of organic-walled microfossils from the ca. 780–740 Ma Chuar Group, Grand Canyon, Arizona". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (5): 815–853. Bibcode:2016JPal...90..815P. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.57. S2CID 133127087.

[272] Felix Schlagintweit; Idoia Rosales; Maria Najarro (2016). "Glomospirella cantabrica n. sp., and other benthic foraminifera from Lower Cretaceous Urgonian-type carbonates of Cantabria, Spain: Biostratigraphic implications". Geologica Acta. 14 (2): 113–138. doi:10.1344/GeologicaActa2016.14.2.3.

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[274] Kenta Abe; Hideto Tsutsui; Richard W. Jordan (2016). "Hyalolithus tumescens sp. nov., a siliceous scale-bearing haptophyte from the middle Eocene". Journal of Micropalaeontology. 35 (2): 143–149. Bibcode:2016JMicP..35..143A. doi:10.1144/jmpaleo2015-015. S2CID 133397013.

[Jodhpurophycus-275] S. Kumar; S. Ahmad (2016). "Problematic structures from the Ediacaran Jodhpur Sandstone, Rajasthan, India and their possible affinity". Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India. 61 (1): 63–73. ISSN 0552-9360.

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[Velleditsiella-282] Sylvain Rigaud; Joachim Blau (2016). "New robertinid foraminifers from the Early Jurassic of Adnet, Austria and their evolutionary importance". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61 (4): 721–734. doi:10.4202/app.00250.2016. S2CID 54173208.

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[284] P. N. Kolosov (2016). "New microorganisms from the Vendian (Ediacaran) of the Berezovsky Trough, southern Siberian Platform". Paleontological Journal. 50 (6): 549–556. doi:10.1134/S0031030116060071. S2CID 89365902.

[PAA30546-285] Ignacio Arenillas; José Antonio Arz; Carolina Náñez (2016). "New species of the genus Trochoguembelitria from the lowermost Danian of Tunisia – biostratigraphic and evolutionary implications in planktonic foraminifera". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 305 (4–6): 135–161. Bibcode:2016PalAA.305..135A. doi:10.1127/pala/305/2016/135.

[PR297-286] Heda Agić; Małgorzata Moczydłowska; Leiming Yin (2017). "Diversity of organic-walled microfossils from the early Mesoproterozoic Ruyang Group, North China Craton - a window into the early eukaryote evolution". Precambrian Research. 297: 101–130. Bibcode:2017PreR..297..101A. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2017.04.042.

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