2018 en paleontología

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Overview of the events of 2018 in paleontology

La paleontología o paleontología es el estudio de las formas de vida prehistóricas en la Tierra a través del examen de fósiles de plantas y animales . ^[1] Esto incluye el estudio de fósiles corporales, huellas ( icnitas ), madrigueras , partes desechadas, heces fosilizadas ( coprolitos ), palinomorfos y residuos químicos . Debido a que los humanos han encontrado fósiles durante milenios, la paleontología tiene una larga historia tanto antes como después de formalizarse como ciencia . Este artículo registra descubrimientos y eventos significativos relacionados con la paleontología que ocurrieron o fueron publicados en el año 2018.

Flora

Plantas

Hongos

Nombre	Novedad	Estado	Autores	Edad	Localidad tipo	País	Notas
Chaenotheca succina ^[2]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Rikkinen y Schmidt en Rikkinen et al.	Eoceno ( Priaboniano )	Ámbar báltico	Rusia ( Óblast de Kaliningrado )	Un hongo , una especie de Chaenotheca .
Nototiritos (?) leptostrobi ^[3]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Frolov en Frolov y Mashchuk	Jurásico temprano y medio	Formación Prisayanskaya	Rusia	Un miembro de la familia Microthyriaceae .
Paleomico ^[4]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Poinar	Cretácico tardío ( Cenomaniano )	Ámbar de Birmania	Birmania	Hongo descrito a partir de picnidios . El género incluye la nueva especie P. epallelus . Anunciado en 2018; la versión final del artículo que lo nombra se publicó en 2020 .
Paleoambrosía ^[5]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Poinar y Vega	Cretácico tardío ( Cenomaniano )	Ámbar de Birmania	Birmania	Hongo ambrosía asociado con el escarabajo Palaeotylus femoralis . El género incluye la nueva especie P. entomophila .
Perexiflasca ^[6]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Krings, Harper y Taylor	Devónico ( Pragiano )	Sílex de Rhynie	Reino Unido	Un organismo pequeño, parecido al quitridio . El género incluye una nueva especie, P. tayloriana .
Phyllopsora magna ^[7]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Kaasalainen, Rikkinen y Schmidt en Kaasalainen et al.	mioceno	Ámbar dominicano	República Dominicana	Un hongo liquenizado , una especie de Phyllopsora .
Retesporangicus ^[8]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Strullu-Derrien en Strullu-Derrien et al.	Devónico temprano	Sílex de Rhynie	Reino Unido	Hongo perteneciente al grupo Blastocladiomycota , de ubicación filogenética incierta dentro de este último grupo. El género incluye la nueva especie R. lyonii .
Vizellopsidites ^[9]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Khan, Bera y Bera	Plioceno tardío a Pleistoceno temprano	Formación Kimin	India	Hongo fósil hallado en la superficie de fragmentos de hojas fosilizadas. El género incluye la nueva especie V. siwalika .
Windipila pumila ^[10]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Krings y Harper	Devónico temprano	Sílex de Rhynie	Reino Unido	Una unidad reproductiva fúngica.

Cnidarios

Investigación

Shao et al. (2018) describen nuevos microfósiles fosfatizados tridimensionales del escifozoo coronado Qinscyphus necopinus , incluido un nuevo tipo de embrión fósil, de la Formación Kuanchuanpu del Cámbrico ( Fortuniense ) ( China ), e interpretan sus hallazgos como una indicación de que Qinscyphus experimentó un desarrollo directo . ^[11]
Han et al. (2018) publican un estudio sobre la morfología de la especie de conulárido Carinachites spinatus basado en un nuevo espécimen recolectado de la Formación Kuanchuanpu del Cámbrico inferior (China). ^[12]
Baron-Szabo (2018) publica una revisión de los corales pétreos de la Formación Oehrli del Cretácico Inferior ( Berriasiano ) ( Austria y Suiza ), comparando esta fauna con cinco faunas de corales berriasianos adicionales. ^[13]

Nuevos taxones

Nombre	Novedad	Estado	Autores	Edad	Localidad tipo	País	Notas
Acropora incógnita ^[14]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Berezovsky y Satanovska	Eoceno		Ucrania	Un coral pétreo , una especie de Acropora .
Actinoseris riyadhensis ^[15]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Gameil, El-Sorogy y Al-Kahtany	Cretácico tardío ( Campaniano )	Formación Aruma	Arabia Saudita	Un coral solitario . Anunciado en 2018; la versión final del artículo que lo nombra se publicó en 2020.
Antheria fedorowskii ^[16]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Wang, Gorgij y Yao	Carbonífero tardío		Irán	Un coral rugoso .
Antheria robusta ^[16]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Wang, Gorgij y Yao	Carbonífero tardío		Irán	Un coral rugoso .
Asteroseris arabica ^[15]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Gameil, El-Sorogy y Al-Kahtany	Cretácico tardío ( Campaniano )	Formación Aruma	Arabia Saudita	Un coral solitario . Anunciado en 2018; la versión final del artículo que lo nombra se publicó en 2020.
Astraraeatrochus ^[17]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Loser y Heinrich	Cretácico tardío		Austria	Coral pétreo perteneciente a la superfamilia Haplaraeoidea y a la familia Astraraeidae. La especie tipo es A. bachi .
Astreoidógyra ^[18]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Ricci, Lathuilière y Rusciadelli	Jurásico tardío		Italia	Miembro de la familia Rhipidogyridae . La especie tipo es A. giadae .
Aulocystis wendti ^[19]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Król, Zapalski y Berkowski	Devónico ( Emsiano )	Grupo Amerboh	Marruecos	Un coral tabulado perteneciente a la familia Aulocystidae .
Bainbridgia bipartita ^[19]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Król, Zapalski y Berkowski	Devónico ( Emsiano )	Formación Kess-Kess	Marruecos	Un coral tabulado perteneciente a la familia Pyrgiidae.
Battersbyia coactilis ^[20]	noviembre esp.	Válido	McLean	devoniano		Canadá	Un coral rugoso.
Battersbyia sentosa ^[20]	noviembre esp.	Válido	McLean	devoniano		Canadá	Un coral rugoso.
Cambrorhytium gracilis^[21]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Chang y otros.	Cámbrico temprano		Porcelana
Cariophyllia (Caryophyllia) immurai ^[22]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Nico	mioceno	Grupo Bihoku	Japón	Una especie de Caryophyllia .
Catenipora jingyangensis^[23]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Liang, Elias y Lee	Ordovícico ( Katian )	Formación Beiguoshan	Porcelana	Un coral tabulado .
Catenipora tiewadianensis^[23]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Liang, Elias y Lee	Ordovícico ( Katian )	Formación Beiguoshan	Porcelana	Un coral tabulado .
Catenipora tongchuanensis^[23]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Liang, Elias y Lee	Ordovícico ( Sandia )	Formación Jinghe	Porcelana	Un coral tabulado .
Clausastrea eliasovae ^[18]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Ricci, Lathuilière y Rusciadelli	Jurásico tardío		Italia	Un miembro de la familia Montlivaltiidae .
Crinopora ireneae ^[17]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Loser y Heinrich	Cretácico tardío		Austria	Un coral pétreo perteneciente a la superfamilia Heterocoenioidea y a la familia Carolastraeidae.
Crinopora thomasi ^[17]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Loser y Heinrich	Cretácico tardío		Austria	Un coral pétreo perteneciente a la superfamilia Heterocoenioidea y a la familia Carolastraeidae.
Cunnolitas (Plesiocunnolites) riyadhensis ^[15]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Gameil, El-Sorogy y Al-Kahtany	Cretácico tardío ( Campaniano )	Formación Aruma	Arabia Saudita	Un coral solitario . Anunciado en 2018; la versión final del artículo que lo nombra se publicó en 2020.
Deltocyathoides bihokuensis ^[22]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Nico	mioceno	Grupo Bihoku	Japón	Un coral pétreo .
Fuchungopora huilongensis ^[24]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Liang y otros.	Devónico ( Fameniano )	Formación Etoucun	Porcelana	Un coral tabulado siringoporoide .
Geroastrea ^[17]	Gen. y sp. y comb. nov.	Válido	Loser y Heinrich	Cretácico tardío		Austria Francia Irán	Coral pétreo perteneciente a la superfamilia Cyclolitoidea y a la familia Synastraeidae. La especie tipo es G. alexi ; el género también incluye G. audiensis (Reig Oriol, 1992), G. haueri (Reuss, 1854) y G. parvistella (Oppenheim, 1930).
Gosaviaraea aimae ^[17]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Loser y Heinrich	Cretácico tardío		Austria	Un coral pétreo .
Kozaniastrea ^[25]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Perdedor, Steuber y Perdedor	Cretácico tardío ( Cenomaniano )		Grecia	Coral pétreo perteneciente a la superfamilia Felixaraeoidea y a la familia Lamellofungiidae. La especie tipo es K. pachysepta .
Lithophyllon comptus ^[26]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Berezovsky y Satanovska	Eoceno		Ucrania	Un coral pétreo , una especie de Lithophyllon .
Lonsdaleia carnica ^[27]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Rodríguez, Schönlaub & Kabon	Carbonífero ( Misisipiense )	Formación Kirchbach	Austria	Un coral rugoso perteneciente a la familia Axophyllidae.
Lyrielasma landryense ^[20]	noviembre esp.	Válido	McLean	devoniano		Canadá	Un coral rugoso.
Nefocoenia seewaldi ^[17]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Loser y Heinrich	Cretácico tardío		Austria	Un coral pétreo perteneciente a la superfamilia Phyllosmilioidea y a la familia Phyllosmiliidae.
Nefocoenia werneri ^[17]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Loser y Heinrich	Cretácico tardío		Austria	Un coral pétreo perteneciente a la superfamilia Phyllosmilioidea y a la familia Phyllosmiliidae.
Neopilophyllia ^[28]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Wang en Wang et al.	Silúrico ( Telychian )	Formación Ningqiang	Porcelana	Coral rugoso perteneciente a la nueva familia Amplexoididae . La especie tipo es "Ningqiangophyllum" crassothecatum Cao (1975); El género también incluye "Ningqiangophyllum" tenuiseptatum irregulare Cao (1975) (elevado al rango de especie separada Neopilophyllia irregularis ), "Ningqiangophyllum" ephippium Cao (1975) y "Pilophyllia" alternata Chen en Wang et al. (1986).
Oculina complanatis ^[29]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Berezovsky y Satanovska	Eoceno		Ucrania	Un coral pétreo , una especie de Oculina .
Opolestrea ^[30]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Morycowa	Triásico medio ( Anisiano )	Camas Karchowice	Polonia	Coral pétreo perteneciente a la familia Eckastraeidae. La especie tipo es "Coelocoenia" exporrecta Weissermel (1925).
Paquiheterocoenia ^[17]	Gen. y sp. y comb. nov.	Válido	Loser y Heinrich	Cretácico tardío		Austria España	Coral pétreo perteneciente a la superfamilia Heterocoenioidea y a la familia Heterocoeniidae. La especie tipo es P. leipnerae ; el género también incluye P. grandis (Reuss, 1854) y P. fuchsi (Felix, 1903).
Pachyphylliopsis ^[17]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Loser y Heinrich	Cretácico tardío		Austria Irán Emiratos Árabes Unidos	Coral pétreo perteneciente a la superfamilia Phyllosmilioidea y a la familia Phyllosmiliidae. La especie tipo es P. magnum .
Paractinacis ^[17]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Loser y Heinrich	Cretácico tardío		Austria Alemania España	Coral pétreo perteneciente a la superfamilia Cyclolitoidea y a la familia Negoporitidae. La especie tipo es P. uliae ; el género también podría incluir a P. ? elegans (Reuss, 1854).
Plesiolitos ^[25]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Perdedor, Steuber y Perdedor	Cretácico tardío ( Cenomaniano )		Grecia	Coral pétreo perteneciente a la superfamilia Misistelloidea. La especie tipo es P. winnii .
Proplesiastraea rivkae ^[17]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Loser y Heinrich	Cretácico tardío		Austria	Un coral pétreo perteneciente a la superfamilia Cladocoroidea y a la familia Columastraeidae.
Psydracophyllum hinnuleum ^[20]	noviembre esp.	Válido	McLean	devoniano		Canadá	Un coral rugoso.
Striatopora marsupia ^[19]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Król, Zapalski y Berkowski	Devónico ( Emsiano )	Grupo Amerboh	Marruecos	Un coral tabulado perteneciente a la familia Pachyporidae.
Estiloheterocenia ^[25]	Gen. y 2 sp. nov.	Válido	Perdedor, Steuber y Perdedor	Cretácico tardío ( Cenomaniano )		Grecia	Coral pétreo perteneciente a la superfamilia Heterocoenioidea y a la familia Heterocoeniidae. La especie tipo es S. hellenensis ; el género también incluye a S. brunni .
Stylophora kibiensis ^[31]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Niko, Suzuki y Taguchi	mioceno	Grupo Katsuta	Japón	Una especie de Stylophora .
Sutherlandia jamalensis ^[32]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Niko y otros.	Pérmico temprano	Formación Jamal	Irán	Un coral tabulado perteneciente al orden Favositida y a la familia Favositidae.
Sinhidnófora ^[17]	Gen. y sp. y comb. nov.	Válido	Loser y Heinrich	Cretácico tardío		Austria	Coral pétreo perteneciente a la superfamilia Cyclolitoidea y a la familia Synastraeidae. La especie tipo es S. wagreichi ; el género también incluye a S. multilamellosa (Reuss, 1854).
Wendticyathus ^[33]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Berkowski	Devónico ( Emsiano )		Marruecos	Un coral rugoso . El género incluye nuevas especies W. nudus .
Xystriphylloides distintivo ^[34]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Yo	Devónico temprano		Porcelana	Un coral rugoso .
Xystriphyllum helenense ^[20]	noviembre esp.	Válido	McLean	devoniano		Canadá	Un coral rugoso.

Artrópodos

Briozoos

Nuevos taxones


Nombre	Novedad	Estado	Autores	Edad	Tipo localidad	País	Notas
Acanthodesia variegata ^[35]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Di Martino y Taylor	Holoceno		Indonesia	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cheilostomata y a la familia Membraniporidae .
Calyptotheca sidneyi ^[35]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Di Martino y Taylor	Holoceno		Indonesia	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cheilostomata y a la familia Bitectiporidae .
Characodoma wesselinghi ^[35]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Di Martino y Taylor	Holoceno		Indonesia	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cheilostomata y a la familia Cleidochasmatidae .
Cistomesón^[36]	Gen. nov	Válido	Ernst, Krainer y Lucas	Misisipiano	Formación del valle del lago	Estados Unidos	Un briozoo cistoporo de la familia Fistuliporidae .
Pleurocodonellina javanensis ^[35]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Di Martino y Taylor	Pleistoceno temprano	Formación Pucangan	Indonesia	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cheilostomata y a la familia Smittinidae .
Turbicellepora yasuharai ^[35]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Di Martino y Taylor	Holoceno		Indonesia	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cheilostomata y a la familia Celleporidae .

Braquiópodos

Investigación

Zhang et al. (2018) publicaron estudios sobre el desarrollo ontogenético de los primeros braquiópodos acrotretoides basados en especímenes bien conservados de las primeras especies cámbricas Eohadrotreta zhenbaensis y Eohadrotreta? zhujiahensis de la Formación Shuijingtuo ( China ). ^[37]^[38]
Sclafani et al. (2018) publican un estudio sobre la extinción y el origen de los miembros del orden Strophomenida durante la extinción masiva del Ordovícico tardío . ^[39]
García Joral, Baeza-Carratalá y Goy (2018) publican un estudio sobre el tamaño corporal de varias asociaciones de braquiópodos registradas en el intervalo de extinción anterior al recambio Toarciense , recolectadas en localidades representativas alrededor del Macizo Ibérico ( España y Portugal ). ^[40]

Nuevos taxones

Nombre	Novedad	Estado	Autores	Edad	Localidad tipo	País	Notas
Acrotreta calabozoi ^[41]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Lavie	Ordovícico ( Sandia )	Formación Las Plantas	Argentina
Adygella socotrana ^[42]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Gaetani en Gaetani et al.	Triásico medio		Yemen	Un miembro de Terebratulida perteneciente a la familia Dielasmatidae.
Ahtiella famatiniana ^[43]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Benedicto	Ordovícico		Argentina
Ahtiella tunaensis ^[43]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Benedicto	Ordovícico		Argentina
Ala alatiforme ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la familia Choristitidae.
Alebusirhynchia vorosi ^[45]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Baeza-Carratalá, Dulai & Sandoval	Jurásico temprano		España	Un miembro de Rhynchonellida .
Alekseevathyris ^[46]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Baranov y Blodgett	Devónico ( Givetiano )	Volcanes de Coronados	Estados Unidos ( Alaska )	Miembro de Terebratulida perteneciente a la familia Stringocephalidae. La especie tipo es A. coronadosensis .
Altaethyrella tarimensis ^[47]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Sproat y Zhan	Ordovícico (finales del Katiano )	Formación Hadabulaktag	Porcelana
Ambocoelia yidadeensis ^[48]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Zhang y Ma	Devónico ( Frasniano )	Formación Yidade	Porcelana
Arpaspirífera ^[49]^[50]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Gretchishnikova en Alekseeva et al.	Devónico ( Fameniano )		Armenia Azerbaiyán	Miembro de la familia Cyrtosririferidae. La especie tipo es " Spirifer " latus Abrahamian (1974).
Aulacella finitima ^[49]^[50]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Alekseeva y Gretchishnikova en Alekseeva et al.	Devónico ( Eifeliense – Givetiano )		Azerbaiyán
Biernatium sucoi ^[51]	noviembre esp.	Válido	García-Alcalde	Devónico ( Givetiano )	Formación Portilla	España	Un miembro de Orthida perteneciente a la familia Mystrophoridae.
Broggeria omaguaca ^[52]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Benedicto, Lavie y Muñoz	Ordovícico ( Tremadociano )		Argentina
Buxtonia sulcata ^[53]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Blackie	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la superfamilia Productoidea y a la familia Buxtoniidae.
Callaiapsida divitiae ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Rhynchonellida perteneciente a la familia Stenoscismatidae.
Calliprotonia kerrae ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la familia Echinoconchidae .
Calliprotonia umbonalis ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la familia Echinoconchidae.
Chelononia minimauris ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Strophomenata perteneciente a la superfamilia Orthotetoidea y a la familia Schuchertellidae.
Churkinella ^[46]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Baranov y Blodgett	Devónico ( Givetiano )	Volcanes de Coronados	Estados Unidos ( Alaska )	Miembro de Terebratulida perteneciente a la familia Stringocephalidae. La especie tipo es C. craigensis .
Cingulodermis pustulatus ^[54]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Mergl	Devónico ( Emsiano )		Marruecos
Commarginalia norrisi ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la superfamilia Proboscidelloidea y a la familia Paucispinauriidae.
Composita largitas^[55]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Wahoo	Canadá ( Yukón )
Coronadothyris ^[46]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Baranov y Blodgett	Devónico ( Givetiano )	Volcanes de Coronados	Estados Unidos ( Alaska )	Miembro de Terebratulida perteneciente a la familia Stringocephalidae. La especie tipo es C. mica .
Costisorthis lisae ^[51]	noviembre esp.	Válido	García-Alcalde	Devónico ( Givetiano )	Formación Candás	España	Un miembro de Orthida perteneciente a la familia Dalmanellidae.
Cerdo doméstico de Cyrtiorina ^[56]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Zong y Ma	Devónico ( Fameniano )	Formación Hongguleleng	Porcelana	Un braquiópodo perteneciente al grupo Spiriferida .
Cyrtospirifer dansikensis^[49]^[50]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Afanasjeva en Alekseeva et al.	Devónico ( Fameniano )		Azerbaiyán
Dalejina aulacelliformis ^[54]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Mergl	Devónico ( Emsiano )		Marruecos
Datnella ^[57]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Baránov	Devónico temprano		Rusia	Miembro de Atrypida . La especie tipo es D. datnensis (Baranov, 1995).
Deltachania elongata ^[53]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Blackie	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Athyrida perteneciente a la superfamilia Athyroidea.
Desquamatia globosa jozefkae ^[58]	Subsp. nov	Válido	Baliński en Skompski et al.	Devónico ( límite Givetiano – Frasniano )	Camas Szydłówek	Polonia	Un miembro de Atrypida perteneciente a la familia Atrypidae.
Diazoma ghyumuschlugensis^[49]^[50]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Oleneva en Alekseeva et al.	Devónico ( Frasniano )		Azerbaiyán
Dichospirifer felixi ^[49]^[50]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Gretchishnikova en Alekseeva et al.	Devónico ( Fameniano )		Azerbaiyán
Dutroproducto ^[44]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Miembro de Productida perteneciente a la superfamilia Productoidea y a la familia Retariidae. La especie tipo es D. dutroi .
Echinalosia minuta ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la superfamilia Strophalosioidea y a la familia Dasyalosiidae.
Echinaria circularis^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la familia Echinoconchidae.
Eofolidostrofia (Megapholidostrofia) gigas ^[59]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Strusz y Percival	Silúrico ( Wenlock )		Australia
Eressella ^[60]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Halamski y Baliński	Devónico medio		Alemania Marruecos Polonia	Miembro de Rhynchonellida perteneciente a la familia Uncinulidae. La especie tipo es " Rhynchonella " coronata Kayser (1871).
Eridmatina ^[44]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero y Pérmico	Formación Gaptank	Canadá ( Yukón ) Estados Unidos	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la familia Spiriferellidae. La especie tipo es "Eridmatus" marathonensis Cooper & Grant (1976); el género también incluye "Eridmatus" petita Waterhouse & Waddington (1982)
Ettrainia ^[44]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Choristitoidea y a la familia Palaeochoristitidae. La especie tipo es E. costellata .
Flexaria echinata ^[61]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación del río Hart	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la superfamilia Productoidea y a la familia Buxtoniidae.
Forticosta ^[44]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Spiriferoidea y a la familia Neospiriferidae. La especie tipo es F. transversa .
Gemmulicosta undulata ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la superfamilia Productoidea y a la familia Buxtoniidae.
Gypidulina grandis ^[49]^[50]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Alekseeva y Gretchishnikova en Alekseeva et al.	Devónico ( Eifeliense – Givetiano )		Azerbaiyán
Harkeria elongata ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la familia Yakovleviidae.
Harkeria sulcoprofundus ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la familia Yakovleviidae.
Hartea ^[61]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Homónimo junior	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación del río Hart	Canadá ( Yukón )	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la familia Ambocoeliidae. La especie tipo es H. venustus . El nombre genérico es obra de Hartea Wright (1865).
Talia ^[44]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico		Porcelana	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la familia Ambocoeliidae. La especie tipo es "Attenuatella" mengi He, Shi, Feng y Peng (2007)
Heteralosia scotti ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la superfamilia Strophalosioidea y a la familia Strophalosiidae.
Hustedia quadrifidus ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Rhynchonellata perteneciente al grupo Retziida y a la familia Retziidae.
Hustedia trífida ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Rhynchonellata perteneciente al grupo Retziida y a la familia Retziidae.
Isorthis (Arcualla) delegatensis ^[59]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Strusz y Percival	Silúrico ( Wenlock )		Australia
Jagtithyris ^[62]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Simón y Mottequin	Cretácico tardío ( Maastrichtiano )		Países Bajos	Pariente de Leptothyrellopsis , asignado a la nueva familia Jagtithyrididae. El género incluye " Terebratella (¿Morrisia?)" suessi Bosquet (1859).
Junglelomia simplex ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Choristitoidea y a la familia Palaeochoristitidae.
Juxathyris subcircularis ^[63]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Wu y otros.	Pérmico ( Changhsingiano )	Formación Changxing	Porcelana	Un miembro de Athyridida .
Komiella bitteri ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de la familia Rugosochonetidae.
Krotovia norfordi ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero y Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la familia Echinoconchidae.
Kukulkánus ^[64]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Torres-Martínez, Sour-Tovar & Barragán	Pérmico ( Artinskiano – Kunguriano )	Formación Paso Hondo	México	Braquiópodo perteneciente al grupo Productida y a la familia Productidae . La especie tipo es K. spinosus .
"Kutorginella" primigenia ^[61]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación del río Hart	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la superfamilia Productoidea y a la familia Retariidae.
Latisulco ^[44]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación de resortes óseos	Estados Unidos ( Texas )	Miembro de Rhynchonellata perteneciente al grupo Retziida y a la familia Retziidae. La especie tipo es "Hustedia" hessensis King (1931)
Leiochonetes onimarensis ^[65]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Tazawa	Carbonífero ( Misisipiense )	Formación Hikoroichi	Japón	Miembro de la familia Rugosochonetidae perteneciente a la subfamilia Svalbardiinae.
Leptaena (Leptaena) australis^[59]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Strusz y Percival	Silúrico ( Wenlock )		Australia
Leurosina katasumiensis ^[66]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Afanasyeva, Jun-Ichi y Yukio	Pérmico ( Kunguriense )	Formación Nabeyama	Japón	Un miembro de Chonetida perteneciente a la familia Rugosochonetidae .
Levipustula canadensis ^[53]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Blackie	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Strophalosiidina perteneciente a la superfamilia Scacchinelloidea y a la familia Levipustulidae.
Martínez Chaconia ^[67]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Torres-Martínez y Sour-Tovar	Carbonífero ( Bashkirio - Moscoviano )	Formación Ixtaltepec	México	Miembro de Productida perteneciente a la familia Linoproductidae . La especie tipo es M. luisae .
Mirandifera ^[44]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación de la Montaña Catedral	Canadá ( Yukón ) Estados Unidos ( Texas )	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la familia Martiniidae. La especie tipo es "Martinia" Miranda Cooper & Grant (1976); el género también incluye "Martinia" wolfcampensis King (1931)
Misunitiris ^[68]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Baeza-Carratalá, Pérez-Valera & Pérez-Valera	Triásico medio ( Ladiniense )	Formación Siles	España	Braquiópodo perteneciente al grupo Terebratellidina y a la superfamilia Zeillerioidea. La especie tipo es M. goyi .
Morinorhynchus tucksoni ^[59]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Strusz y Percival	Silúrico ( Wenlock )		Australia
Muirwoodiciana ^[53]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Blackie	Canadá ( Yukón )	Miembro de Productida perteneciente a la familia Yakovleviidae. La especie tipo es M. inexpectans .
Musalitinispira ^[57]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Baránov	Devónico temprano		Rusia	Miembro de Atrypida . La especie tipo es M. dogdensis .
Misterio ^[53]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Blackie	Canadá ( Yukón )	Miembro de Rhynchonellida perteneciente a la superfamilia Rhynchoporoidea y a la familia Rhynchoporidae. La especie tipo es M. mysticus .
Nahoniella decorus ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Spiriferinida perteneciente al grupo Syringothyridina y a la familia Licharewiidae.
Nassichukia ^[44]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Miembro de Productida perteneciente a la superfamilia Productoidea y a la familia Buxtoniidae. La especie tipo es N. nodosa .
Nazeriproductus lazarevi ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la superfamilia Productoidea y a la familia Retariidae.
Neochonetes (Huangichonetes) matsukawensis ^[69]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Tazawa y Araki	Pérmico ( Wordiano )	Formación Kamiyasse	Japón	Un miembro de la familia Rugosochonetidae .
Newberria alaskensis ^[46]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Baranov y Blodgett	Devónico ( Givetiano )	Volcanes de Coronados	Estados Unidos ( Alaska )	Un miembro de Terebratulida perteneciente a la familia Stringocephalidae.
Nucleospira quidongensis ^[59]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Strusz y Percival	Silúrico ( Wenlock )		Australia
Ogilviecoelia initiatus ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la familia Ambocoeliidae.
Ogilviecoelia shii ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la familia Ambocoeliidae.
Opsiconidion bouceki ^[70]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Mergl, Frýda y Kubajko	Silúrico ( Ludfordiano )	Formación Kopanina	República Checa	Un miembro de Acrotretoidea perteneciente a la familia Biernatidae.
Parémesis de Opsiconidion ^[70]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Mergl, Frýda y Kubajko	Silúrico ( Ludfordiano )	Formación Kopanina	República Checa	Un miembro de Acrotretoidea perteneciente a la familia Biernatidae.
Orthotetes dorsosulcata ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Strophomenata perteneciente a la superfamilia Orthotetoidea y a la familia Orthotetidae.
Papulíferas ^[53]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Blackie	Canadá ( Yukón )	Miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la familia Martiniidae. La especie tipo es P. plana .
Paucispinifera abramovi ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la familia Paucispiniferidae.
Paucispinífera carbonífera ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la familia Paucispiniferidae.
Paucispinifera sulcata ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la familia Paucispiniferidae.
Pingüispirador kesskess ^[54]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Mergl	Devónico ( Emsiano )		Marruecos
Piridiorhynchus jafariani ^[71]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Baranov y otros.	Devónico ( Fameniano )	Formación Khoshyeilagh	Irán	Un miembro de Rhynchonellida perteneciente a la familia Trigonirhynchiidae.
Plicatospiriferella undulata ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la familia Spiriferellidae.
Poletaevia ^[44]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación del fiordo Hare	Canadá ( Nunavut )	Miembro de Productida perteneciente a la superfamilia Paucispiniferoidea y a la familia Anidanthidae. La especie tipo es "Liraria" paucispina Carter & Poletaev (1998)
Pripyatispirifer caucasius ^[49]^[50]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Afanasjeva en Alekseeva et al.	Devónico ( Frasniano )		Azerbaiyán
Protoanidanthus monstratus ^[55]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Blackie	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la superfamilia Paucispiniferoidea y a la familia Anidanthidae.
Protoanidanthus nichollsi ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la superfamilia Paucispiniferoidea y a la familia Anidanthidae.
Pumilusia ^[44]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación La Prasada	Estados Unidos ( Nuevo México )	Miembro de Productida perteneciente a la superfamilia Linoproductoidea y a la familia Ovatiidae. La especie tipo es "Linoproductus" pumilus Sutherland & Harlow (1973)
Punctospirifer iwatensis ^[65]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Tazawa	Carbonífero ( Misisipiense )	Formación Hikoroichi	Japón	Un miembro de Spiriferinida perteneciente a la familia Punctospiriferidae.
Resserella dagnensis ^[49]^[50]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Alekseeva y Gretchishnikova en Alekseeva et al.	Devónico ( Emsiano – Eifeliano )		Azerbaiyán
Reticulariopsis rotunda ^[49]^[50]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Oleneva en Alekseeva et al.	Devónico ( Givetiano )		Azerbaiyán
Rhipidomella arpensis^[49]^[50]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Alekseeva y Gretchishnikova en Alekseeva et al.	Devónico ( Givetiano )		Azerbaiyán
Rhipidomella borealis^[55]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Wahoo	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Orthida perteneciente a la familia Rhipidomellidae.
Rhynchopora grigorievae ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Rhynchonellida perteneciente a la superfamilia Rhynchoporoidea y a la familia Rhynchoporidae.
Rincoporusia ^[61]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación del río Hart	Canadá ( Yukón )	Miembro de Rhynchonellida perteneciente a la superfamilia Rhynchoporoidea y a la familia Rhynchoporidae. La especie tipo es R. multiplicata .
Rorespirifer prodigium ^[55]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Blackie	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Ingelarelloidea y a la familia Rorespiriferidae.
Rugaria arcula ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de la familia Rugosochonetidae .
Rugivestigia ^[44]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Miembro de Productida perteneciente a la familia Paucispiniferidae. La especie tipo es R. commarginalis .
Rugosochonetes multistriatus ^[49]^[50]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Afanasjeva en Alekseeva et al.	Carbonífero ( Tournaisiano )		Azerbaiyán
Saltospirifer gibberosus ^[53]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Blackie	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Spiriferoidea y a la familia Spiriferidae.
Sangredonia alaminata ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la familia Horridoniidae.
Sarytchevinella praecursor ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la superfamilia Linoproductoidea y a la familia Striatiferidae.
Schizambon langei ^[72]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Freeman, Miller y Dattilo	Límite Cámbrico-Ordovícico		Estados Unidos ( Texas )	Un braquiópodo linguliforme .
Esquizoforia lata^[49]^[50]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Alekseeva y Gretchishnikova en Alekseeva et al.	Devónico ( Emsiano – Eifeliano )		Azerbaiyán
Esquizoforia schnuri altera^[49]^[50]	Subsp. nov	Válido	Alekseeva y Gretchishnikova en Alekseeva et al.	Devónico ( Givetiano )		Azerbaiyán
Septatrypa tumulorum ^[73]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Balinés y halamés	Devónico ( Emsiano )		Marruecos
Septospirifer hughi ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Spiriferoidea y a la familia Neospiriferidae.
Sieberella parva ^[49]^[50]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Alekseeva y Gretchishnikova en Alekseeva et al.	Devónico ( Emsiano – Eifeliano )		Azerbaiyán
Sphenospira dansikensis ^[49]^[50]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Gretchishnikova en Alekseeva et al.	Devónico ( Fameniano )		Azerbaiyán
Spinatrypina (Spinatrypina) krivensis ^[57]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Baránov	Devónico temprano		Rusia	Un miembro de Atrypida .
Spinocyrtia irinae ^[49]^[50]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Afanasjeva en Alekseeva et al.	Devónico ( Eifeliense y Givetiano )		Azerbaiyán
Spirelytha biakovi ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Elitoidea y a la familia Toryniferidae.
Spiriferinaella simplicata ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero y Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Paeckelmanelloidea y a la familia Pterospiriferidae.
Estataria ^[44]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación de la Montaña Catedral	Estados Unidos ( Texas )	Miembro de Rhynchonellata perteneciente al grupo Retziida y a la familia Retziidae. La especie tipo es "Hustedia" stataria Cooper & Grant (1976)
Stenorhynchia ulrici ^[73]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Halamski y Baliński	Devónico ( Emsiano )		Marruecos
Tegulispirifera placitus ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Spiriferida perteneciente a la superfamilia Spiriferoidea y a la familia Spiriferidae.
Tethysiella impudens ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la familia Paucispiniferidae.
Thomasaria caucásica ^[49]^[50]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Oleneva en Alekseeva et al.	Devónico ( Eifeliense )		Azerbaiyán
Trigonatrypa drotae ^[54]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Mergl	Devónico ( Emsiano )		Marruecos
Tuberculatella bunnakia ^[44]	Nombre. noviembre	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero		Tailandia	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la familia Avoniidae; un nombre de reemplazo para Tuberculatella tuberculata Waterhouse (1982).
Tubersulculus ovalis ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la familia Echinoconchidae.
Tumarinia solominae ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Spiriferinida perteneciente al grupo Syringothyridina y a la familia Licharewiidae.
Undispirifer dansikensis ^[49]^[50]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Oleneva en Alekseeva et al.	Devónico ( Eifeliense )		Azerbaiyán
Unispirifer arpensis ^[49]^[50]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Afanasjeva en Alekseeva et al.	Carbonífero ( Tournaisiano )		Azerbaiyán
Planiconcha de Villaconcha ^[44]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Casa de agua	Pérmico	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Un miembro de Productida perteneciente a la superfamilia Echinoconchoidea y a la familia Waagenoconchidae.
Yanzaria ^[44]	Gen. y comb. y sp. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero y Pérmico	Esquistos de Fenestella	Canadá ( Yukón ) India	Miembro de Rhynchonellida perteneciente a la familia Tetracameridae. La especie tipo es "Camarophoria" dowhatensis Diener (1915); el género también incluye la nueva especie Y. solitarius .
Yukonalosia ^[44]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Casa de agua	Carbonífero	Formación Jungle Creek	Canadá ( Yukón )	Miembro de Productida perteneciente a la superfamilia Strophalosioidea y a la familia Dasyalosiidae. La especie tipo es Y. arctica .
Zaigunrostrum nakhichevanense ^[74]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Pajnevich	Devónico ( Fameniano )		Azerbaiyán	Un braquiópodo perteneciente al grupo Rhynchonellida y a la familia Trigonirhynchiidae.
Zezinia ^[74]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Pajnevich	Devónico ( Frasniano )		Azerbaiyán	Braquiópodo perteneciente al grupo Rhynchonellida y a la familia Uncinulidae. La especie tipo es Z. multicostata .

Moluscos

Equinodermos

Conodontos

Investigación

Shirley et al. (2018) publicaron un estudio que prueba los modelos propuestos de crecimiento de elementos conodontes . ^[75]
Terrill, Henderson y Anderson (2018) publican un estudio sobre las secciones histológicas de elementos dentales conodontes del Ordovícico y Pérmico de la Formación Bell Canyon ( Texas , Estados Unidos ), la arenisca Harding ( Colorado , Estados Unidos), la Formación Ali Bashi ( Irán ) y el Ártico canadiense, examinando esos fósiles para detectar la presencia y distribución de biomarcadores de tejidos blandos. ^[76]
Wheeley et al. (2018) publican un estudio que evalúa la variación de δ ¹⁸ O dentro de un conjunto de conodontes rico en especies del miembro Factory Cove del Ordovícico ( Floiano ) de la Formación Shallow Bay , Grupo Cow Head (oeste de Terranova, Canadá ), así como también evalúa las implicaciones de estos datos para determinar la paleotermometría de los océanos antiguos y los modelos ecológicos de conodontes. [ ^77]^[78]^[79]
Zhang et al. (2018) publicaron un estudio sobre el tamaño corporal y la diversidad de conodontos del Carniano del sur de China y sus implicaciones para inferir los cambios bióticos y ambientales durante el evento pluvial del Carniano. ^[80]
Golding (2018) publicó un estudio que evalúa la similitud de las faunas de conodontes del Paleozoico tardío y el Triásico conocidas en Cache Creek Terrane ( Canadá ). ^[81]
Golding (2018) presenta la reconstrucción del aparato multielemental del conodonto del Triásico Medio de Columbia Británica (Canadá) perteneciente al grupo Neogondolella regalis dentro del género Neogondolella . ^[82]
La reconstrucción del número y disposición de elementos en el aparato de Hindeodus parvus publicada por Zhang et al. (2017) ^[83] es criticada por Agematsu, Golding y Orchard (2018); ^[84] Purnell et al. (2018) defienden sus conclusiones originales. ^[85]
Suttner, Kido y Briguglio (2018) describen un grupo de conodontos icriodóntidos pertenecientes a la especie Caudicriodus woschmidti , que aporta nueva información sobre la estructura del aparato de los conodontos icriodóntidos, a partir de sedimentos del Devónico inferior en el sur de Burgenland ( Austria ). ^[86]
Zimmerman, Johnson y Polly (2018) publican un estudio sobre las especies pertenecientes al género Neognathodus , en el que se evalúa si los grupos de morfotipos previamente definidos son fiables y distintos entre sí. ^[87]

Nuevos taxones

Nombre	Novedad	Estado	Autores	Edad	Localidad tipo	País	Notas
Ancyrogondolella diakowi ^[88]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Huerta	Triásico Tardío ( Noriano )	Formación Pardonet	Canadá ( Columbia Británica )	Un miembro de la familia Gondolellidae .
Ancyrogondolella equalis ^[88]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Huerta	Triásico Tardío ( Noriano )	Formación Pardonet	Canadá ( Columbia Británica )	Un miembro de la familia Gondolellidae.
Ancyrogondolella inequalis ^[88]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Huerta	Triásico Tardío ( Noriano )	Formación Pardonet	Canadá ( Columbia Británica )	Un miembro de la familia Gondolellidae.
Ancyrogondolella praespiculata ^[88]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Huerta	Triásico Tardío ( Noriano )	Formación Pardonet	Canadá ( Columbia Británica )	Un miembro de la familia Gondolellidae.
Ancyrogondolella transformis ^[88]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Huerta	Triásico Tardío ( Noriano )	Formación Pardonet	Canadá ( Columbia Británica )	Un miembro de la familia Gondolellidae.
Baltoniodus cooperi^[89]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Carlorosi, Sarmiento y Heredia	Ordovícico ( Dapingiano )	Formación Santa Gertrudis	Argentina
Declinognathodus intermedius^[90]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Hu, Qi y Nemyrovska	Carbonífero		Porcelana
Declinognathodus tuberculoso^[90]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Hu, Qi y Nemyrovska	Carbonífero		Porcelana
Gedikella ^[91]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Kılıç, Plasencia y Önder	Triásico medio ( Anisiano )		Pavo	Miembro de la familia Gondolellidae . La especie tipo es G. quadrata .
Gnathodus mirousei^[92]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Sanz-López & Blanco-Ferrera	Carbonífero ( Misisipiense )	Formación Alba Formación Aspe-Brousset Caliza de roca negra	Bélgica China Irlanda Italia España Reino Unido Estados Unidos ( Illinois )
Idiognathodus abdivitus ^[93]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Hogancamp y Barrick	Carbonífero	Formación Atrasado Esquisto Eudora	Estados Unidos ( Nuevo México )	Originalmente descrito como una especie de Idiognathodus , pero posteriormente transferido al género Heckelina . ^[94]
Idiognathodus centralis^[93]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Hogancamp y Barrick	Carbonífero	Formación Atrasado Esquisto Eudora	Estados Unidos ( Nuevo México )
Idiognathodus sweeti^[93]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Hogancamp y Barrick	Carbonífero	Formación Atrasado Esquisto Eudora	Estados Unidos ( Nuevo México )
Idiognathoides chaagulootus^[95]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Frederick y Barrick	Carbonífero ( Pensilvaniano temprano )	Caliza Ladrones	Estados Unidos ( Alaska )
Kamuellerella rectangularis ^[91]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Kılıç, Plasencia y Önder	Triásico medio ( Anisiano )		Pavo	Un miembro de la familia Gondolellidae .
Ketinella goermueshi ^[91]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Kılıç, Plasencia y Önder	Triásico medio ( Anisiano )		Pavo	Un miembro de la familia Gondolellidae .
Magnigondolella ^[96]	Gen. y 5 sp. y comb. nov.	Válido	Golding y huerto	Triásico medio ( Anisiano )	Formación Favret Formación Sapo	Canadá ( Columbia Británica ) China Estados Unidos ( Nevada )	Miembro de la familia Gondolellidae . La especie tipo es M. salomae ; el género también incluye nuevas especies como M. alexanderi , M. cyri , M. julii y M. nebuchadnezzari , así como " Neogondolella " regale Mosher (1970) y "Neogondolella" dilacerata Golding & Orchard (2016).
Mesogondolella hendersoni^[97]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Yuan, Zhang y Shen	Pérmico ( Changhsingiano )	Grupo Selong	Porcelana
Mockina spinosa^[88]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Huerta	Triásico Tardío ( Noriano )	Formación Pardonet	Canadá ( Columbia Británica )	Un miembro de la familia Gondolellidae .
Peroné de Neopolygnathus ^[98]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Hartenfels y Becker	Devónico ( Fameniano )		Marruecos
Neospathodus arcus^[99]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Maekawa en Maekawa, Komatsu y Koike	Triásico temprano	Formación Taho	Japón
Novispathodus shirokawai ^[99]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Maekawa en Maekawa, Komatsu y Koike	Triásico temprano	Formación Taho	Japón
Novispathodus tahoensis ^[99]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Maekawa en Maekawa, Komatsu y Koike	Triásico temprano	Formación Taho	Japón
'Ozarkodina'? chenae^[100]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Lu y otros.	Devónico ( Emsiano )	Formación Ertang	Porcelana
'Ozarkodina'? wuxuanensis^[100]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Lu y otros.	Devónico ( Emsiano )	Formación Ertang	Porcelana
Polygnathus linguiformis saharicus^[101]	Subsp. nov	Válido	Narkiewicz y Königshof	Devónico (finales del Eifeliano – Givetiense medio )	Formación Ispena Formación Si Phai	Marruecos España Tayikistán Turquía Vietnam
Polygnathus linguiformis vietnamicus^[101]	Subsp. nov	Válido	Narkiewicz y Königshof	Devónico ( Givetiano )	Formación Si Phai de Plum Brook Shale	Alemania Marruecos Estados Unidos ( Ohio ) Vietnam
Polygnathus praeinversus^[100]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Lu y otros.	Devónico ( Emsiano )	Formación Ertang	Porcelana
Polygnathus rhenanus siphai^[101]	Subsp. nov	Válido	Narkiewicz y Königshof	Devónico ( Givetiano )	Formación Candás Formación Si Phai	China Marruecos España Vietnam
Polygnathus xylus bacbo^[101]	Subsp. nov	Válido	Narkiewicz y Königshof	Devónico ( Givetiano )	Formación Si Phai	Vietnam
Pseudognathodus posadachaconae ^[102]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Sanz-López, Blanco-Ferrera & Miller	Carbonífero ( Misisipiense )	Caliza de Prestatyn	Reino Unido	Un miembro de la familia Gnathodontidae .
Pseudopolygnathus primus tafilensis^[98]	Subsp. nov	Válido	Hartenfels y Becker	Devónico ( Fameniano )		Marruecos
Pustulognato ^[103]	Gen. y 2 sp. nov.	Válido	Golding y huerto en Golding	Pérmico ( Guadalupiense a Lopingiense )	Formación Horsefeed de piedra caliza Copley	Canadá ( Columbia Británica ) China ?	Miembro de la familia Sweetognathidae . La especie tipo es P. monticola ; el género también incluye a P. vigilans .
Quadralella (Quadralella) postica ^[104]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Zhang y otros.	Triásico Tardío ( Carniano )		Porcelana
Quadralella robusta ^[104]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Zhang y otros.	Triásico Tardío ( Carniano )		Porcelana
Quadralella wignalli ^[104]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Zhang y otros.	Triásico Tardío ( Carniano )		Porcelana
Quadralella yongningensis ^[104]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Zhang y otros.	Triásico Tardío ( Carniano )		Porcelana
Scandodus choii ^[105]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Sotavento	Ordovícico ( Darriwiliano )		Corea del Sur
Dúplex de Sweetognathus^[106]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Leer y Nestell	Pérmico ( Sakmariano )	Caliza de manantial Riepe	Estados Unidos ( Nevada )
Flor de amapola de Sweetognathus wardlawi^[106]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Leer y Nestell	Pérmico ( Sakmariano )	Caliza de manantial Riepe	Estados Unidos ( Nevada )
Tortodus sparlingi ^[107]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Aboussalam y Becker en Brett et al.	Devónico ( Givetiano )		Polonia España Estados Unidos ( Kentucky Ohio )
Walliserognathus ^[108]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Corradini y Corriga	Silúrico ( Ludlow )	Formación Henryhouse Formación de las montañas Roberts	Austria China Hungría Italia España Suecia Estados Unidos ( Nevada Oklahoma )	Un miembro de la familia Spathognathodontidae ; un nuevo género para Spathognathodus inclinatus posthamatus Walliser (1964), elevado al rango de especie Walliserognathus posthamatus .

Pez

Anfibios

Reptiles

Sinápsidos

Sinápsidos no mamíferos

Investigación

Romano, Brocklehurst y Fröbisch (2018) publican una descripción del material postcraneal correspondiente a la especie de caseido Ennatosaurus tecton . ^[109]
Brocklehurst y Fröbisch (2018) publican un estudio sobre la anatomía y las relaciones filogenéticas de Milosaurus mccordi . ^[110]
Kruger, Rubidge y Abdala (2018) describen un cráneo de un espécimen juvenil de Anteosaurus magnificus de la Formación Pérmico Abrahamskraal ( Sudáfrica ). ^[111]
Benoit et al. (2018) publican un estudio sobre la evolución de la inervación del nervio trigémino en anomodontos . ^[112]
Rey et al. (2018) publican un estudio sobre las composiciones de isótopos estables de oxígeno y carbono de la apatita dentinaria en los dientes de veintiocho especímenes de Diictodon feliceps y sobre sus implicaciones para inferir el papel potencial del clima en la extinción masiva de tetrápodos terrestres a finales del Capitaniano . ^[113 ]
Olroyd, Sidor y Angielczyk (2018) publican la descripción de la anatomía de seis nuevos cráneos del dicinodonte Abajudon kaayai de la Formación Mudstone Madumabisa inferior del Pérmico ( Guadalupiense ) ( Zambia ) y un estudio sobre las relaciones filogenéticas de la especie. ^[114]
Araújo et al. (2018) publican un estudio sobre la anatomía del laberinto óseo de los especímenes del género dicinodonte Endothiodon recolectados de la Formación Pérmica K5 ( Mozambique ), comparándolo con el género estrechamente relacionado Niassodon^{. [115]}
Un estudio sobre la historia tafonómica de un yacimiento óseo monotípico compuesto por varios individuos atribuible al dicinodonte Dinodontosaurus recolectado en una localidad clásica del Triásico Medio en Brasil , y sobre sus implicaciones para inferir un posible comportamiento gregario en Dinodontosaurus , es publicado en línea por Ugalde et al. (2018). ^[116]
Angielczyk, Hancox y Nabavizadeh (2018) publican una redescripción del género de dicinodontes Sangusaurus^{y un estudio sobre su sistema de alimentación y relaciones filogenéticas. [117]}
Kammerer, Angielczyk y Nesbitt (2018) describen una extremidad posterior parcial de un dicinodonte cercano al tamaño de Stahleckeria potens del Miembro Lifua Triásico de los Lechos Manda ( Tanzania ) , lo que representa el elemento postcraneal de dicinodonte más grande de los Lechos Manda informado hasta el momento. ^[118]
La descripción de restos vegetales y palinomorfos preservados en los coprolitos producidos por grandes dicinodontes de la Formación Chañares del Triásico ( Argentina ), y un estudio sobre sus implicancias para inferir la dieta de los dicinodontes, es publicado por Pérez Loinaze et al. (2018). ^[119]
Citton et al. (2018) describen huellas de tetrápodos, probablemente producidas por dicinodontes, de la Formación Vera del Triásico Superior del Grupo Los Menucos (Argentina). ^[120]
Racki y Lucas (2018) publican en línea un estudio sobre la edad del supuesto dicinodonte rético de Lipie Śląskie ( Polonia ) , quienes consideran más probable que este dicinodonte fuera de la edad noriana . ^[121]
Bendel et al. (2018) publicaron un estudio sobre la anatomía del cráneo de Cynariops robustus . ^[122]
O'Meara, Dirks y Martinelli (2018) publicaron un estudio sobre las tasas de desarrollo del esmalte en una variedad de especies de cinodontes no mamíferos , inferidas a partir de marcas incrementales. ^[123]
La descripción de la morfología del cráneo de Cynosaurus suppostus y un estudio sobre las relaciones filogenéticas de la especie fueron publicados por van den Brandt y Abdala (2018). ^[124]
Wynd et al. (2018) describen por primera vez fósiles de Cynognathus crateronotus de la Formación Ntawere ( Zambia ) y los yacimientos Manda ( Tanzania ) del Triásico. ^[125]
Gaetano, Mocke y Abdala (2018) publican un estudio sobre la anatomía postcraneal de un espécimen de Diademodon tetragonus recuperado de la Formación Superior Omingonde ( Namibia ). ^[126]
Sidor y Hopson (2018) describen un cráneo parcial y un esqueleto postcraneal de un miembro de la especie Cricodon metabolus de la Formación Ntawere del Triásico ( Zambia ), y también estudian las relaciones filogenéticas de los miembros de la familia Trirachodontidae . ^[127]
Lai, Biewener y Pierce (2018) publicaron un estudio sobre la musculatura, la postura y el rango de movimiento de la extremidad anterior de Massetognathus pascuali . ^[128]
Un nuevo ejemplar de Trucidocynodon riograndensis , casi un 20% más grande que el ejemplar holotipo , fue descrito en la secuencia Carniana de Candelária (sur de Brasil ) por Stefanello et al. (2018). ^[129]
Pacheco et al. (2018) describen el dentario derecho con dientes de Prozostrodon brasiliensis del Triásico Tardío de Brasil , lo que representa el segundo espécimen conocido de esta especie. ^[130]
La descripción de la anatomía del esqueleto postcraneal de Prozostrodon brasiliensis fue publicada por Guignard, Martinelli y Soares (2018). ^[131]
Botha-Brink, Bento Soares y Martinelli (2018) publican un estudio sobre la histología de los huesos de las extremidades y las historias de vida de Prozostrodon brasiliensis , Irajatherium hernandezi , Brasilodon quadrangularis y Brasilitherium riograndensis . ^[132]
Bonaparte y Crompton (2018) publican un estudio sobre el origen y las relaciones de los cinodontos ictidosaurios , es decir, los triteledóntidos y los terioherpétidos . ^[133]
Hoffman y Rowe (2018) describen una nidada grande (que comprende al menos 38 individuos) de perinatos bien conservados de Kayentatherium wellesi , encontrados con un presunto esqueleto materno, a partir de sedimentos del Jurásico Inferior de la Formación Kayenta (encontrada en tierras de la Nación Navajo ); ^[134] a la luz de este hallazgo, Benoit (2019) propone una nueva interpretación de registros anteriores de asociaciones entre cinodontos adultos y juveniles. ^[135]
Marsola et al. (2018) describen dientes de cinodonte (que representan un brasilodonto y una forma similar a Riograndia ) encontrados en la localidad Triásica de Brasil, que también produjo los fósiles de Sacisaurus agudoensis . ^[136]
Lautenschlager et al. (2018) publicaron un estudio sobre la evolución de la mandíbula de los mamíferos y no encontraron evidencia de una reducción simultánea del estrés en la articulación de la mandíbula y un aumento de la fuerza de mordida en taxones clave no mamíferos en la transición cinodonte-mamífero. ^[137]
Fiorelli et al. (2018) describen madrigueras de tetrápodos , probablemente producidas por pequeños eucinodontes , en la Formación Chañares del Triásico ( Argentina ). ^[138]
Jones et al. (2018) publicaron un estudio sobre la diversidad morfológica de las regiones vertebrales en sinápsidos no mamíferos y sobre su implicación para dilucidar la evolución de regiones anatómicamente distintas de las espinas de los mamíferos. ^[139]
LeBlanc et al. (2018) publicaron un estudio sobre la ontogenia de los dientes en una amplia gama de linajes de sinápsidos extintos , e interpretaron sus hallazgos como una indicación de que el sistema de unión de los dientes ligamentosos no es exclusivo de los mamíferos de la corona dentro de los sinápsidos. ^[140]

Nuevos taxones

Nombre	Novedad	Estado	Autores	Edad	Localidad tipo	País	Notas
Ascendonano^[141]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Spindler y otros.	Pérmico ( transición sakmariana - artinskiana )	Bosque petrificado de Chemnitz ( Formación Leukersdorf )	Alemania	Miembro de la familia Varanopidae . El género incluye la nueva especie A. nestleri .
Gordodón^[142]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Lucas , Rinehart y Celeskey	Pérmico temprano (Wolfcampiano temprano)	Formación Bursum	Estados Unidos ( Nuevo México )	Miembro de la familia Edaphosauridae . La especie tipo es G. kraineri .
Gorynychus^[143]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Kammerer y Masyutin	Pérmico	Camas rojas de Kotelnich	Rusia ( Óblast de Kirov )	Un terocéfalo . La especie tipo es G. masyutinae .
Leucocefalia^[144]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Día y otros.	Pérmico (principios del Wuchiapingiano )	Zona de ensamblaje de Tropidostoma de la cuenca principal del Karoo	Sudáfrica	Biarmosuquio perteneciente a la familia Burnetiidae . La especie tipo es L. wewersi .
Lisowicia^[145]	Gen. y sp. nov.		Sulej y Niedźwiedzki	Triásico tardío ( Noriano tardío - Rético temprano )		Polonia	Un dicinodonte gigantesco que alcanza una masa corporal estimada de 9 toneladas. La especie tipo es L. bojani . Anunciado en 2018; la versión final del artículo que lo nombra se publicó en 2019.
Microvaranops^[141]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Spindler y otros.	Pérmico ( Guadalupiano )	Formación Abrahamskraal	Sudáfrica	Miembro de la familia Varanopidae . El género incluye la nueva especie M. parentis .
Nochnitsa^[146]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Kammerer y Masyutin	Pérmico	Camas rojas de Kotelnich	Rusia ( Óblast de Kirov )	Un gorgonopsiano . La especie tipo es N. geminidens .
Pentasaurio^[147]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Cámara	Triásico tardío	Formación Elliot	Sudáfrica	Dicinodonte de la familia Stahleckeriidae . La especie tipo es P. goggai .
Polonodonte^[148]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Sulej y otros.	Triásico Tardío ( Carniano )		Polonia	Eucinodonte no mamífero . El género incluye la nueva especie P. woznikiensis . Anunciado en 2018; la versión final del artículo que lo nombra se publicó en 2020.
Siriusgnathus^[149]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Pavanatto y otros.	Triásico tardío ( Carniano o Noriense ^[150] )	Supersecuencia de Santa María	Brasil	Un cinodonte traversodóntido . El género incluye la nueva especie S. niemeyerorum .

Mamíferos

Otros animales

Investigación

Sperling y Stockey (2018) publican una revisión y síntesis de estudios sobre el contexto temporal y ambiental de eventos importantes en la evolución animal temprana. ^[151]
Un estudio sobre las relaciones filogenéticas de los rangeomorfos , dickinsoniomorfos y erniettomorfos según lo indicado por lo que se conoce de la ontogenia del rangeomorfo Charnia masoni , el dickinsoniomorfo Dickinsonia costata y el erniettomorfo Pteridinium simplex es publicado por Dunn, Liu & Donoghue (2018), quienes consideran al menos a los rangeomorfos y dickinsoniomorfos como metazoos . ^[152]
Dececchi et al. (2018) publican un estudio sobre las relaciones filogenéticas de los rangeomorfos . ^[153]
Reid, García-Bellido y Gehling (2018) publican un estudio sobre la distribución del tamaño y las características morfológicas de una población de ejemplares juveniles de Dickinsonia costata de la localidad fósil de Crisp Gorge en Flinders Ranges ( Australia ). ^[154]
Bobrovskiy et al. (2018) publican un estudio sobre las relaciones filogenéticas de Dickinsonia basado en datos de biomarcadores lipídicos extraídos de macrofósiles ediacáricos preservados orgánicamente , quienes interpretan sus hallazgos como una indicación de que Dickinsonia era un animal. ^[155]
Hoyal Cuthill y Han (2018) publican un estudio sobre la anatomía y las relaciones filogenéticas de Stromatoveris , basado en datos de nuevos especímenes del Chengjiang Konservat-Lagerstätte ( China ), quienes interpretan a Stromatoveris como un miembro del grupo animal temprano Petalonamae que también incluía a Arborea , Pambikalbae , rangeomorfos, dickinsoniomorfos y erniettomorfos. ^[156]
Oji et al. (2018) informan de la primera aparición confiable de abundantes fósiles traza penetrativos, que proporcionan evidencia fósil traza de bilaterales precámbricos con patrones de comportamiento complejos, en el último Ediacárico de Mongolia occidental. ^[157]
Buatois et al. (2018) describen fósiles traza producidos por animales ediacáricos que excavaron dentro de sedimentos en depósitos marinos poco profundos de la Formación Urusis ( Grupo Nama , Namibia ) , quienes nombran un nuevo icnotaxón Parapsammichnites pretzeliformis . ^[158]
Chen et al. (2018) describen nuevos fósiles traza del Miembro Shibantan de Ediacara de la Formación Dengying superior ( China ), que incluyen madrigueras y posibles huellas que probablemente fueron hechas por animales de tamaño milimétrico con apéndices bilaterales . ^[159]
Coutts et al. (2018) describen una agregación de miembros del género Parvancorina , que proporciona evidencia de dos grupos de tamaño y orientación bimodal en este taxón, del Parque de Conservación de Ediacara ( Australia ). ^[160]
Laflamme, Gehling y Droser (2018) describen nuevos especímenes tridimensionales de Charniodiscus arboreus ( Arborea arborea ), que permiten una reinterpretación detallada de su morfología funcional y taxonomía, a partir del Miembro Ediacara, Cuarcita Rawnsley de Australia del Sur . ^[161]
Mehra y Maloof (2018) presentan reconstrucciones 3D de agregados de Cloudina^{. [162]}
Pruss et al. (2018) publican un estudio sobre esqueletos de Namacalathus y Cloudina del miembro Omkyk de Ediacaran del grupo Nama (Namibia), quienes interpretan sus hallazgos como una indicación de que ambos organismos produjeron originalmente esqueletos aragoníticos , que luego sufrieron una conversión diagenética a calcita . ^[163]
Wood y Penny (2018) publicaron un estudio sobre la dinámica de crecimiento del sustrato, el modo de biomineralización y las posibles afinidades de Namapoikia rietoogensis . ^[164]
Gold (2018) publica una revisión de la evidencia de la existencia de animales nadadores durante el Neoproterozoico . ^[165]
Yang et al. (2018) publican un estudio sobre la edad de la biota de Chengjiang del Cámbrico ( China ). ^[166]
Kimmig y Pratt (2018) publican una descripción de los coprolitos de la Formación de Deslizamientos de Rocas del Cámbrico ( Drumiano ) ( montañas Mackenzie , Canadá ) producidos por un depredador desconocido, y un estudio sobre sus implicaciones para la reconstrucción de la red alimentaria del Cámbrico. ^[167]
Yin et al. (2018) publican un estudio sobre la naturaleza y la afinidad biológica del taxón cámbrico Archaeooides , quienes interpretan los fósiles de Archaeooides como restos embrionarios de animales. ^[168]
Zumberge et al. (2018) informan sobre un nuevo biomarcador de esterano fósil , que posee un esqueleto de hidrocarburo raro que se encuentra únicamente en taxones de demosponjas existentes , de rocas sedimentarias y aceites del Neoproterozoico tardío - Cámbrico , e interpretan este hallazgo como una indicación de que las demosponjas, y por lo tanto los animales multicelulares, fueron prominentes en algunos entornos marinos del Neoproterozoico tardío al menos hasta el período Criogénico . ^[169]
Botting et al. (2018) informan de fósiles de esponjas diversos y abundantes del intervalo límite Ordovícico-Silúrico en siete localidades del sur de China, y elaboran un modelo para la distribución y preservación de la fauna de esponjas. ^[170]
Schuster et al. (2018) publican un estudio sobre las relaciones filogenéticas de las demosponjas actuales y fósiles ^{[171] .}
Slater et al. (2018) describen un conjunto de fósiles animales, incluidos los pterobranquios más antiguos conocidos , preservados en forma de pequeños fósiles carbonáceos de la Formación Buen del Cámbrico ( Groenlandia ). ^[172]
Skovsted y Topper (2018) publican la descripción de nuevas características morfológicas de la mobergellana cámbrica Discinella micans . ^[173]
Zhao et al. publican un estudio sobre las interrelaciones entre el eldonioide Pararotadiscus guizhouensis y los taxones fósiles asociados de Kaili Biota . (2018). ^[174]
Chambers & Brandt (2018) publican un estudio sobre la placa con una densa agregación de miembros de la especie Banffia constricta recuperada de Burgess Shale ( Canadá ) del Cámbrico y sus implicaciones para los hábitos de vida del animal. ^[175]
Li et al. (2018) publicaron un estudio sobre la morfología y las afinidades filogenéticas de Yuyuanozoon magnificissimi , basado en nuevos especímenes. ^[176]
Foote et al. (2018) publican un estudio sobre el registro fósil de los graptoloideos del Paleozoico temprano y sobre los factores que influyen en las tasas de diversificación dentro de este grupo. ^[177]
Crampton et al . (2018) publican un estudio sobre el impacto de los ciclos astronómicos de largo período (los "grandes ciclos" de Milankovitch) asociados con la excentricidad y oblicuidad orbital de la Tierra en la varianza de la probabilidad de recambio de especies ( probabilidad de extinción más probabilidad de especiación ) en graptoloideos del Paleozoico Temprano . ^[178]
Hu et al. (2018) publican una redescripción de la especie Malongitubus kuangshanensis del Cámbrico Chengjiang Lagerstätte ( China ) , quienes interpretan este taxón como un pterobranquio . ^[179]
Kouraiss et al. (2018) publican un estudio sobre la morfología del gusano paleoscolecido Palaeoscolex del Lagerstätte de Fezouata ( Marruecos ) del Ordovícico Inferior, utilizando microtomografía computarizada y aportando nueva información sobre la anatomía interna de este animal. ^[180]
Pan et al. (2018) informan de la primera aparición de la especie de tommotiid Paterimitra Pyramidalis de la Formación Xinji ( China ). ^[181]
Zhuravlev y Wood (2018) publican un estudio sobre la distribución temporal de las especies esqueléticas de lofotrocozoos desde el Ediacárico superior hasta el Miaolingiano basal de la Plataforma Siberiana , y sobre sus implicaciones para la comprensión de la dinámica evolutiva de la explosión cámbrica . ^[182]
Cardia et al. (2018) describen huevos de nematodos ascaridoideos encontrados en coprolitos crocodiliformes del Grupo Bauru del Cretácico Superior ( Brasil ). ^[183]
Un estudio que reinterpreta al supuesto lobopodiano cámbrico Mureropodia apae como un apéndice aislado parcial de un miembro del género Caryosyntrips , publicado por Pates & Daley (2017) ^[184] es criticado por Gámez Vintaned & Zhuravlev (2018); ^[185] Pates, Daley & Ortega-Hernández (2018) defienden sus conclusiones originales. ^[186]
Daley et al. (2018) publican un estudio sobre la evolución temprana de los artrópodos de tallo y corona , tal como lo indican los fósiles de cuerpo y trazas del Ediacárico y el Cámbrico. ^[187]
Fleming et al. (2018) publican un estudio sobre la evolución de la visión de los ecdisozoos , centrándose en la evolución de la visión multiopsina de los artrópodos , tal como lo indican los datos moleculares y los datos del registro fósil. ^[188]
Liu et al. (2018) describen un ejemplar juvenil de Lyrarapax unguispinus , que aporta nueva información sobre los apéndices frontales y el modo de alimentación de este taxón, de la Formación Chiungchussu del Cámbrico ( China ). ^[189]
Sheppard, Rival y Caron (2018) publicaron un estudio que evalúa la probable eficiencia de natación y maniobrabilidad de Anomalocaris canadensis . ^[190]
El animal cámbrico Pahvantia hastata de Wheeler Shale ( Utah , Estados Unidos ), originalmente clasificado como un posible artrópodo, ^[191] es reinterpretado como un radiodonte que se alimenta por suspensión por Lerosey-Aubril y Pates (2018). ^[192]
La presencia de divertículos metaméricos del intestino medio es reportada por primera vez en el artrópodo del tallo Fuxianhuia protensa por Ortega-Hernández et al. (2018), quienes interpretan su hallazgo como indicativo de una ecología depredadora o carroñera de los fuxianhuiidos. ^[193]
Liu et al. (2018) reinterpretan los supuestos restos de los sistemas nervioso y cardiovascular en numerosos individuos articulados de Fuxianhuia protensa como más probablemente biopelículas microbianas que se desarrollaron después de la descomposición del intestino, los músculos y otros tejidos conectivos. ^[194]
Fu et al. (2018) publicaron un estudio sobre el desarrollo postembrionario de Fuxianhuia protensa ^[195] .
Chen et al. (2018) publican la redescripción del fuxianhuido Liangwangshania biloba ^{[196] .}
Park et al . (2018) describen nuevos especímenes de la especie de artrópodo tallo Kerygmachela kierkegaardi , que aportan nueva información sobre la anatomía de esta especie y sobre la condición ancestral del cerebro del panartrópodo , del Estadio Cámbrico 3 de la Formación Buen ( Sirius Passet , Groenlandia ) . ^[197]
Meyer et al. (2018) describen fósiles de animales con forma de huso o conotubular de ubicación filogenética incierta de la Formación Martinsburg del Ordovícico ( Pensilvania , Estados Unidos ). ^[198]
Cobain et al. (2018) informan de evidencia de macrofauna que vive a profundidades de hasta 8 metros bajo el lecho marino en la Formación Pérmica Fort Brown ( Cuenca Karoo , Sudáfrica ). ^[199]
Zhang, Skovsted y Zhang (2018) publican un estudio sobre la morfología del hiolítido Paramicrocornus zhenbaensis de la Formación Shuijingtuo del Cámbrico inferior ( China ), informan que esta especie carecía de helenas y también informan de las cicatrices musculares de hiolito más antiguas conocidas conservadas en los opérculos de esta especie. ^[200]
Sun et al. (2018) publican un estudio sobre las estrategias de alimentación y locomoción de los hiolítidos cámbricos, basado en especímenes conservados en coprolitos de la biota de Chengjiang y asociados con un cadáver de Tuzoia de la fauna de Balang ( China ). ^[201]
Berg-Madsen, Valent y Ebbestad (2018) describen el tracto digestivo de un espécimen de la especie hiolítica Circotheca johnstrupi de la Formación Læså del Cámbrico ( Bornholm , Dinamarca ). ^[202]
Los arrecifes de briozoos y estromatoporoides más antiguos reportados hasta ahora fueron descritos por Hong et al. (2018) en la Formación Duwibong del Ordovícico medio ( Corea del Sur ). ^[203]
Zatoń et al. (2018) informan sobre pequeñas bioconstrucciones formadas únicamente por gusanos tubícolas microcónquidos , que representan las bioconstrucciones exclusivamente metazoarias estratigráficamente más antiguas de los primeros estratos del Triásico ( Induano medio ) en el este de Groenlandia . ^[204]
La evidencia más antigua conocida de parasitismo de bivalvos por trematodos en forma de rastros con forma de iglú encontrados en las conchas del bivalvo de agua dulce Sphaerium fue reportada en la Formación Judith River del Cretácico Superior ( Montana , Estados Unidos ) por Rogers et al. (2018). ^[205]
Harper, Crame y Sogot (2018) publicaron un estudio sobre los pozos de perforación depredadores en presas de moluscos y gusanos serpúlidos del Cretácico tardío y Paleógeno de la isla Seymour ( Antártida ) y sus implicaciones para inferir los efectos del evento de extinción del Cretácico-Paleógeno en la dinámica depredador-presa en este sitio. ^[206]
Feng et al. (2018) publican un estudio sobre madrigueras de sucesiones del Triásico Inferior-Medio en el sur de China asignadas al icnotaxón Rhizocorallium y sobre sus implicaciones para inferir el curso de la recuperación biótica después del evento de extinción del Pérmico-Triásico . ^[207]
O'Dea et al. (2018) publicaron un estudio que evalúa cómo respondieron diferentes especies de briozoos cupuládridos fósiles y actuales de vida libre a los cambios ambientales en el suroeste del Caribe durante los últimos 6 millones de años. ^[208]

Nuevos taxones

Nombre	Novedad	Estado	Autores	Edad	Localidad tipo	País	Notas
Acanthodesia variegata ^[35]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Di Martino y Taylor	Holoceno		Indonesia	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cheilostomata y a la familia Membraniporidae .
Acoscinopleura albaruthenica ^[209]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Koromyslova, Martha y Pakhnevich	Cretácico tardío ( Campaniano tardío )		Bielorrusia	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Flustrina y a la familia Coscinopleuridae.
Acoscinopleura crassa ^[209]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Koromyslova, Martha y Pakhnevich	Cretácico tardío ( Maastrichtiano )		Alemania	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Flustrina y a la familia Coscinopleuridae.
Acoscinopleura dualis ^[209]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Koromyslova, Martha y Pakhnevich	Cretácico tardío ( Maastrichtiano )		Alemania	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Flustrina y a la familia Coscinopleuridae.
Acoscinopleura oculta ^[209]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Koromyslova, Martha y Pakhnevich	Cretácico tardío ( Maastrichtiano )		Alemania	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Flustrina y a la familia Coscinopleuridae.
'Aechmella' viskovae ^[210]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Koromyslova, Baraboshkin y Martha	Cretácico tardío		Kazajstán	Un briozoo .
Echmellina ^[211]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Taylor, Martha y Gordon	Cretácico ( Cenomaniano ) al Paleoceno ( Daniense ).		Dinamarca Francia Alemania Reino Unido Estados Unidos	Briozoo perteneciente al grupo Flustrina y a la familia Onychocellidae . La especie tipo es "Aechmella" falcifera Voigt (1949); El género también incluye "Homalostega" anglica Brydone (1909), "Aechmella" bassleri Voigt (1924), "Homalostega" biconvexa Brydone (1909), "Cellepora" hippocrepis Goldfuss (1826), "Aechmella" indefessa Taylor & McKinney (2006), "Aechmella" latistoma Berthelsen (1962), "Aechmella" linearis Voigt (1924), "Aechmella" parvilabris Voigt (1924), "Aechmella" pindborgi Berthelsen (1962), "Semieschara" proteus Brydone (1912), " Monoporella " seriata Levinsen (1925), "Aechmella" stenostoma Voigt (1930), "Reptescharinella" transversa d'Orbigny (1852) y "Aechmella" ventricosa Voigt (1924).
Alacaris^[212]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Yang y otros.	Etapa 3 del Cámbrico	Formación Hongjingshao	Porcelana	Artrópodo primitivo emparentado con Chengjiangocaris . La especie tipo es A. mirabilis .
Allonnia desnuda^[213]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Cong y otros.	Etapa 3 del Cámbrico	Ciudad de almacenamiento de Chengjiang	Porcelana	Un canciller .
Allonnia tenuis^[214]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Zhao, Li y Selden	Cámbrico temprano		Porcelana	Un canciller .
Arnaopora ^[215]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Suárez Andrés & Wyse Jackson	devoniano	Formación Moniello	España	Briozoo perteneciente al grupo Fenestrata . El género incluye la nueva especie A. sotoi .
Aspidostoma armatum ^[216]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Pérez, López-Gappa & Griffin	Mioceno temprano	Formación Monte León	Argentina	Un briozoo queilostomado perteneciente a la familia Aspidostomatidae .
Aspidostoma roveretoi ^[216]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Pérez, López-Gappa & Griffin	Mioceno tardío	Formación Puerto Madryn	Argentina	Un briozoo queilostomado perteneciente a la familia Aspidostomatidae .
Aspidostoma tehuelche ^[216]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Pérez, López-Gappa & Griffin	Mioceno temprano a medio	Formación Chenque	Argentina	Un briozoo queilostomado perteneciente a la familia Aspidostomatidae .
Austroscolex sinensis ^[217]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Liu y otros.	Cámbrico ( Paibiano )		Porcelana	Un paleoscolecido .
Axilosoecia ^[218]	Gen. y 2 sp. nov.	Válido	Taylor y Brezina	Paleoceno ( Daniense ) a principios del Mioceno	Formación Roca	Argentina Nueva Zelanda	Briozoo perteneciente al grupo Tubuliporina y a la familia Oncousoeciidae . La especie tipo es A. giselae ; el género también incluye a A. mediorubiensis .
Burocracia ^[219]	Gen. y sp. nov.		Wachtler y Ghidoni	Triásico temprano - medio		Italia	Un poliqueto . La especie tipo es B. kraxentrougeri .
Catenagrafto ^[220]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Vandenberg	Ordovícico ( Floiano tardío )		Australia	Graptolito perteneciente al grupo Sinograptina y a la familia Sigmagraptidae . La especie tipo es C. communalis .
Characodoma wesselinghi ^[35]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Di Martino y Taylor	Holoceno		Indonesia	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cheilostomata y a la familia Cleidochasmatidae .
Cheethamia aktolagayensis ^[210]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Koromyslova, Baraboshkin y Martha	Cretácico tardío		Kazajstán	Un briozoo .
Codositubulus ^[221]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Gámez Vintaned et al.	cambriano		España	Animal tubícola de ubicación filogenética incierta. La especie tipo es C. grioensis .
Colospongia lenis ^[222]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Malysheva	Pérmico tardío		Rusia ( Krai de Primorie )	Una esponja .
Cornulites gondwanensis^[223]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Gutiérrez-Marco & Vinn	Ordovícico ( Hirnantiense )		Marruecos	Un miembro de Cornulitida .
Cupitheca convexa^[224]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Sol y otros.	cambriano	Formación Manto	Porcelana	Un miembro de Hyolitha .
Cistomesón^[225]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Ernst, Krainer y Lucas	Carbonífero ( Misisipiense )	Formación del valle del lago	Estados Unidos ( Nuevo México )	Briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cystoporata . El género incluye la nueva especie C. sierraensis .
Decoritheca?hageni ^[226]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Peel y Willman	Serie cámbrica 2	Buena Formación	Tierra Verde	Un miembro de Hyolitha .
Demirastrites campograptoides ^[227]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Štorch y melchin	Silúrico ( Aeroniano )		República Checa	Un graptolito perteneciente a la familia Monograptidae .
Dictyocyathus aranosensis ^[228]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Perejón et al.	Cámbrico temprano		Namibia	Un miembro de Archaeocyatha .
Didymograptellus kremastus ^[229]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Vandenberg	Ordovícico ( Floiano )		Australia Nueva Zelanda Noruega Estados Unidos	Un graptolito perteneciente al grupo Dichograptina y a la familia Pterograptidae .
Erismacoscinus ganigobisensis ^[228]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Perejón et al.	Cámbrico temprano		Namibia	Un miembro de Archaeocyatha .
'Escharoides' charbonnieri ^[230]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Di Martino, Martha y Taylor	Cretácico tardío ( Maastrichtiano )		Madagascar	Un briozoo .
Fehiborypora ^[230]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Di Martino, Martha y Taylor	Cretácico tardío ( Maastrichtiano )		Madagascar	Un briozoo ; un nuevo género para "Cribilina" labiatula Canu (1922).
Gibbavasis^[231]	Gen. y sp. nov.		Vaziri, Majidifard y Laflamme	Ediacárico	Serie Kushk	Irán	Organismo con forma de vaso de ubicación filogenética incierta, posiblemente un animal de grado porífero. La especie tipo es G. kushkii .
Homoctenus katzerii ^[232]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Comniskey y Ghilardi	Devónico ( Pragiense tardío o Emsiense tardío )	Formación Ponta Grossa	Brasil	Un miembro de Tentaculitoidea perteneciente al orden Homoctenida y a la familia Homoctenidae.
Calalitia ^[226]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Peel y Willman	Serie cámbrica 2	Buena Formación	Tierra Verde	Miembro de Hyolitha . El género incluye la nueva especie K. myliuserichseni .
Kamilocela ^[211]	Gen. y comb. nov.	Válido	Taylor, Martha y Gordon	Cretácico tardío ( Cenomaniano ) al Campaniano .		República Checa Francia Alemania	Briozoo perteneciente al grupo Flustrina y a la familia Onychocellidae . La especie tipo es "Eschara" latilabris Reuss (1872); el género también incluye " Eschara" acis d'Orbigny (1851), "Onychocella" barbata Martha, Niebuhr & Scholz (2017), "Eschara" cenomana d'Orbigny (1851) y "Eschara" labiata Počta (1892).
Kenocharixa ^[233]	Gen. y sp. y comb. nov.	Válido	Dick, Sakamoto y Komatsu	Cretácico al Eoceno		Japón Nueva Zelanda	Un briozoo queilostoma . El género incluye nuevas especies , K. kashimaensis , así como " Charixa goshouraensis" Dick, Komatsu, Takashima y Ostrovsky (2013) y " Conopeum " stamenocelloides Gordon y Taylor (2015).
Mínimos de Khmeria^[234]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Wendt	Triásico Tardío ( Carniano )		Italia	Una ascidia perteneciente al nuevo orden Khmeriamorpha .
Khmeria stolonifera^[234]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Wendt	Pérmico tardío , posiblemente también Carbonífero		Camboya Tailandia Vietnam	Una ascidia perteneciente al nuevo orden Khmeriamorpha .
Kimberella persii^[231]	noviembre esp.		Vaziri, Majidifard y Laflamme	Ediacárico	Serie Kushk	Irán	Un molusco de tallo bilateral .
Escólex de Kootenay^[235]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Nanglu y Caron	cambriano	Esquisto de Burgess	Canadá ( Columbia Británica )	Un poliqueto . El género incluye la nueva especie K. barbarensis .
Láminacaris^[236]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Guo y otros.	Etapa 3 del Cámbrico		China Estados Unidos ? ^[237]	Miembro de Radiodonta . El género incluye la nueva especie L. chimera .
Lenisambuladora^[238]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Ou y Mayer	Etapa 3 del Cámbrico	Formación Heilinpu	Porcelana	Un lobopodio . La especie tipo es L. humboldti .
Lunulites marambionis ^[239]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Hara y otros.	Eoceno	Formación La Meseta	Antártida ( Isla Seymour )	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cheilostomata y a la familia Lunulitidae.
Marginaria prolixa ^[233]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Dick, Sakamoto y Komatsu	Cretácico tardío ( Campaniano )	Grupo Himenoura	Japón	Un briozoo queilostoma .
Mateolaspongia ^[240]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Botting, Zhang y Muir	Ordovícico ( Hirnantiense )	Formación Wenchang	Porcelana	Esponja , posiblemente un rosélido de tallo . La especie tipo es M. hemiglobosa .
Melychocella biperforata ^[216]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Pérez, López-Gappa & Griffin	Mioceno temprano	Formación Chenque Formación Monte León	Argentina	Un briozoo queilostomado perteneciente a la familia Aspidostomatidae .
Micrascidites gótico ^[241]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Sagular, Yümün y Meriç	Cuaternario		Pavo	Una ascidia didemnida .
Micropora nordenskjoeldi ^[239]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Hara y otros.	Eoceno	Formación La Meseta	Antártida ( Isla Seymour )	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cheilostomata y a la familia Microporidae .
Minitaspongia ^[242]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Carrera y col.	Carbonífero ( Tournaisiano )	Formación Agua de Lucho	Argentina	Esponja hexactinellida perteneciente a la familia Dictyospongiidae. La especie tipo es M. parvis .
Monniotia minutula ^[241]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Sagular, Yümün y Meriç	Cuaternario		Pavo	Una ascidia didemnida .
Nasaaraqia ^[226]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Peel y Willman	Serie cámbrica 2	Buena Formación	Tierra Verde	Miembro de Hyolitha . El género incluye la nueva especie N. hyptiotheciformis .
Neotrematopora lyaoilensis ^[243]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Tolokonnikova y Ponomarenko	Devónico ( Frasniano )	Formación de liaiol	Rusia	Un briozoo .
Nevadotheca boerglumensis ^[226]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Peel y Willman	Serie cámbrica 2	Buena Formación	Tierra Verde	Un miembro de Hyolitha .
Nidelric gaoloufangensis^[214]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Zhao, Li y Selden	Cámbrico temprano		Porcelana	Un animal con espinas de un solo elemento.
Nogrobs moroccensis ^[244]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Schlögl y col.	Jurásico medio ( Bajociense )		Marruecos	Un poliqueto serpúlido .
Onuphionella corusca ^[245]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Muir y otros.	Ordovícico ( Sandia )	Primer grupo de bani	Marruecos	Tubos aglutinados producidos por un animal desconocido. Publicado en línea en 2018; la versión final del artículo que lo nombra se publicó en 2022.
Otionellina antarctica ^[239]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Hara y otros.	Eoceno	Formación La Meseta	Antártida ( Isla Seymour )	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cheilostomata y a la familia Otionellidae .
Otionellina eocenica ^[239]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Hara y otros.	Eoceno	Formación La Meseta	Antártida ( Isla Seymour )	Un briozoo perteneciente al grupo Cheilostomata y a la familia Otionellidae .
Pedunculoteca^[246]	Gen. y sp. nov.	Válido	Sun, Zhao y Zhu en Sun et al.	Etapa 3 del Cámbrico	Formación Yu'anshan	Porcelana	Miembro de Hyolitha perteneciente al grupo Orthothecida . El género incluye la nueva especie P. diania .
'Plagioecia' antanihodiensis ^[230]	noviembre esp.	Válido	Di Martino, Martha y Taylor	Cretácico tardío ( Maastrichtiano )		Madagascar	Un briozoo .
Platychelyna secunda ^[247]	noviembre esp.	Válido	López-Gappa, Pérez & Griffin	Mioceno temprano	Formación Monte León	Argentina	Un briozoo .
Pleurocodonellina javanensis^[35]	Sp. nov	Valid	Di Martino & Taylor	Early Pleistocene	Pucangan Formation	Indonesia	A bryozoan belonging to the group Cheilostomata and the family Smittinidae.
Protohertzina compressa^[248]	Sp. nov	Valid	Slater, Harvey & Butterfield	Cambrian (Terreneuvian)	Lontova Formation Voosi Formation	Estonia	A member of the total group of Chaetognatha.
Qinscolex^[249]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Liu et al.	Cambrian (Fortunian)		China	A cycloneuralian tentatively assigned to total-group Scalidophora. Genus includes new species Q. spinosus.
Ramskoeldia^[250]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Cong et al.	Cambrian	Maotianshan Shales	China	A member of Radiodonta related to Amplectobelua. Genus includes new species R. platyacantha and R. consimilis.
Reptomultisparsa stratosa^[251]	Sp. nov	Valid	Viskova & Pakhnevich	Middle Jurassic (Callovian)		Russia	A bryozoan.
Rhagasostoma aralense^[252]	Sp. nov	Valid	Koromyslova et al.	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)		Uzbekistan	A bryozoan belonging to the group Flustrina and the family Onychocellidae.
Rhagasostoma brydonei^[252]	Sp. nov	Valid	Koromyslova et al.	Late Cretaceous (Turonian and Coniacian)		United Kingdom	A bryozoan belonging to the group Flustrina and the family Onychocellidae.
Rhagasostoma operculatum^[252]	Sp. nov	Valid	Koromyslova et al.	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)		Turkmenistan	A bryozoan belonging to the group Flustrina and the family Onychocellidae.
Schistodictyon webbyi^[253]	Sp. nov	Valid	Zhen	Late Silurian		Australia	A sponge belonging to the class Stromatoporoidea, order Clathrodictyida and the family Anostylostromatidae.
Seqineqia^[254]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Peel	Cambrian (Guzhangian)	Holm Dal Formation	Greenland	A sponge. The type species is S. bottingi.
"Serpula" calannai^[255]	Sp. nov	Valid	Sanfilippo et al.	Permian		Italy.	A serpulid polychaete.
"Serpula" prisca^[255]	Sp. nov	Valid	Sanfilippo et al.	Permian		Italy.	A serpulid polychaete.
Shaanxiscolex^[256]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Yang et al.	Cambrian Stage 4		China	A palaeoscolecid. The type species is S. xixiangensis.
Shanscolex^[249]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Liu et al.	Cambrian (Fortunian)		China	A cycloneuralian tentatively assigned to total-group Scalidophora. Genus includes new species S. decorus.
Sisamatispongia^[254]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Peel	Cambrian (Guzhangian)	Holm Dal Formation	Greenland	A sponge. The type species is S. erecta.
Sonarina^[257]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Taylor & Di Martino	Late Cretaceous (late Campanian or early Maastrichtian)	Kallankurichchi Formation	India	A cheilostome bryozoan belonging to the family Onychocellidae. Genus includes new species S. tamilensis.
Stanleycaris^[186]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Pates, Daley & Ortega-Hernández	Cambrian	Stephen Formation Wheeler Formation	Canada ( British Columbia) United States ( Utah)	A member of Radiodonta belonging to the group Hurdiidae. The type species is S. hirpex. The original description of the taxon appeared in an online supplement to the article published by Caron et al. (2010),^[258] making in invalid until it was validated by Pates, Daley & Ortega-Hernández (2018).^[185]^[186]
Styliolina langenii^[232]	Sp. nov	Valid	Comniskey & Ghilardi	Devonian (middle to late Emsian)	Ponta Grossa Formation	Brazil	A member of Tentaculitoidea belonging to the order Dacryoconarida and the family Styliolinidae.
Sullulika^[226]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Peel & Willman	Cambrian Series 2	Buen Formation	Greenland	A selkirkiid stem-priapulid. Genus includes new species S. broenlundi.
Tallitaniqa^[254]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Peel	Cambrian (Guzhangian)	Holm Dal Formation	Greenland	A sponge. The type species is T. petalliformis.
Tarimspira artemi^[259]	Sp. nov	Valid	Peel	Cambrian Stage 4	Henson Gletscher Formation	Greenland	An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement described on the basis of fossil sclerites, possibly representing a stage in paraconodont evolution prior to the development of a basal cavity.
Tentaculites kozlowskii^[232]	Sp. nov	Valid	Comniskey & Ghilardi	Devonian (late Pragian or late Emsian)	Ponta Grossa Formation	Brazil	A member of Tentaculitoidea belonging to the order Tentaculitida and the family Tentaculitidae.
Tentaculites paranaensis^[232]	Sp. nov	Valid	Comniskey & Ghilardi	Devonian (late Pragian or late Emsian)	Ponta Grossa Formation	Brazil	A member of Tentaculitoidea belonging to the order Tentaculitida and the family Tentaculitidae.
Thanahita^[260]	Gen. et sp. nov		Siveter et al.	Silurian (Wenlock)	Herefordshire Lagerstätte	United Kingdom.	A relative of Hallucigenia. The type species is T. distos.
Trapezovitus malinkyi^[226]	Sp. nov	Valid	Peel & Willman	Cambrian Series 2	Buen Formation	Greenland	A member of Hyolitha.
Turbicellepora yasuharai^[35]	Sp. nov	Valid	Di Martino & Taylor	Holocene		Indonesia	A bryozoan belonging to the group Cheilostomata and the family Celleporidae.
Uniconus ciguelii^[232]	Sp. nov	Valid	Comniskey & Ghilardi	Devonian (late Pragian or late Emsian)	Ponta Grossa Formation	Brazil	A member of Tentaculitoidea belonging to the order Tentaculitida and the family Uniconidae.
Zardinisoma^[234]	Gen. et 5 sp. nov	Valid	Wendt	Permian (Wordian) to Triassic (Carnian)	San Cassiano Formation	Italy Japan	An ascidian belonging to the new order Khmeriamorpha. The type species is Z. cassianum; genus also includes Z. japonicum, Z. pauciplacophorum, Z. pyriforme and Z. polyplacophorum.
Zhijinites tumourifomis^[261]	Sp. nov	Valid	Pan, Feng & Chang	Cambrian (Terreneuvian)	Yanjiahe Formation	China	A small shelly fossil.

Foraminifera

Research

A study on the effects of differential ocean acidification at the Cretaceous-Paleocene transition on the planktonic foraminiferal assemblages from the Farafra Oasis (Egypt) is published by Orabi et al. (2018).^[262]
A wide variety of morphological abnormalities in planktic foraminiferal tests from the earliest Danian, mainly from Tunisian sections, is described by Arenillas, Arz & Gilabert (2018).^[263]
A study on the impact of the climatic and environmental perturbation on the morphology of foraminifera living during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum is published by Schmidt et al. (2018).^[264]
Taxonomic compilation and partial revision of early Eocene deep-sea benthic Foraminifera is presented by Arreguín-Rodríguez et al. (2018).^[265]
A study on the responses of two species of foraminifera (extant Truncorotalia crassaformis and extinct Globoconella puncticulata) to climate change during the late Pliocene to earliest Pleistocene intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (3.6–2.4 million years ago) is published by Brombacher et al. (2018).^[266]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes
Alabamina heyae^[267]	Sp. nov	Valid	Fox et al.	Oligocene		Germany	A member of Rotaliida belonging to the family Alabaminidae.
Alicantina^[268]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Soldan, Petrizzo & Silva	Eocene	Dunghan Formation Langley Formation Lizard Springs Formation Navet Formation Richmond Formation Shaheed Ghat Formation Thebes Formation Universidad Formation	Cuba Egypt Italy Jamaica Pakistan Spain Syria Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean (Kerguelen Plateau) Pacific Ocean (Caroline Abyssal Plain Shatsky Rise)	A member of the family Globigerinidae. The type species is "Globigerina" lozanoi Colom (1954); genus also includes "Globigerina" prolata Bolli (1957).
Ammobaculites deflectus^[269]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hjalmarsdottir, Nakrem & Nagy	Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous	Agardhfjellet Formation	Norway
Ammobaculites knorringensis^[269]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hjalmarsdottir, Nakrem & Nagy	Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous	Agardhfjellet Formation	Norway
Ammobaculoides dhrumaensis^[270]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kaminski, Malik & Setoyama	Middle Jurassic (Bajocian)	Dhruma Formation	Saudi Arabia	A member of Lituolida belonging to the family Spiroplectamminidae.
Asterigerinella jonesi^[271]	Sp. nov	Valid	Rögl & Briguglio	Miocene (Burdigalian)	Quilon Formation	India
Brizalina keralensis^[271]	Sp. nov	Valid	Rögl & Briguglio	Miocene (Burdigalian)	Quilon Formation	India
Chiloguembelina adriatica^[272]	Sp. nov	Valid	Premec Fucek, Hernitz Kucenjak & Huber	Eocene and Oligocene	Cipero Formation	Cuba Syria Trinidad and Tobago Adriatic Sea Gulf of Mexico Pacific Ocean (Ontong Java Plateau)	A member of Guembelitrioidea belonging to the family Chiloguembelinidae.
Chiloguembelina andreae^[272]	Sp. nov	Valid	Premec Fucek, Hernitz Kucenjak & Huber	Late Eocene and early Oligocene		France Syria United States ( New Jersey)	A member of Guembelitrioidea belonging to the family Chiloguembelinidae.
Ciperoella^[273]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Olsson & Hemleben in Olsson et al.	Late Eocene to early Miocene	Cipero Formation Tingnaro Formation	Australia Austria Belgium Colombia Cuba France Italy Malta Romania Spain Tanzania Trinidad and Tobago United States ( Mississippi) Venezuela Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean	A member of Globigerinoidea belonging to the family Globigerinidae. The type species is "Globigerina" ciperoensis Bolli (1954); genus also includes "Globigerina" anguliofficinalis Blow (1969), "Globigerina ciperoensis" angulisuturalis Bolli (1957) (raised to the rank of the species Ciperoella angulisuturalis) and "Globigerina" fariasi Bermúdez (1961).
Colominella piriniae^[274]	Sp. nov	Valid	Mancin & Kaminski	Pliocene		Italy	A member of Textulariida.
Cyclammina saidovae^[275]	Nom. nov	Valid	Hanagata	Neogene		Japan	A species of Cyclammina; a replacement name for Cyclammina pseudopusilla Hanagata (2003).
Dentoglobigerina eotripartita^[276]	Sp. nov	Valid	Pearson, Wade & Olsson in Wade et al.	Eocene and Oligocene	Navet Formation	Indonesia Tanzania Trinidad and Tobago United States ( Mississippi) Adriatic Sea	A member of Globigerinoidea belonging to the family Globigerinidae.
Douglassites^[277]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Read & Nestell	Carboniferous (late Pennsylvanian)	Riepe Spring Limestone	United States ( Nevada)	A member of Fusulinida belonging to the family Schubertellidae. Genus includes new species D. sprucensis.
Elazigina siderea^[278]	Sp. nov	Valid	Consorti & Rashidi	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Tarbur Formation	Iran Oman Turkey	A member of the group Rotaliida belonging to the family Rotaliidae.
Globigerina archaeobulloides^[279]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hemleben & Olsson in Spezzaferri et al.	Oligocene	Shubuta Formation	United States ( Alabama)	A species of Globigerina.
Globigerinella roeglina^[279]	Sp. nov	Valid	Spezzaferri & Coxall in Spezzaferri et al.	Oligocene, possibly Miocene		Romania Gulf of Mexico Indian Ocean	A member of Globigerinoidea belonging to the family Globigerinidae.
Globigerinoides joli^[280]	Sp. nov	Valid	Spezzaferri in Spezzaferri, Olsson & Hemleben	Miocene		Caribbean Sea Gulf of Mexico South Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean (Kerguelen Plateau)	A species of Globigerinoides.
Globigerinoides neoparawoodi^[280]	Sp. nov	Valid	Spezzaferri in Spezzaferri, Olsson & Hemleben	Miocene		North-western Pacific Ocean	A species of Globigerinoides.
Globoconella pseudospinosa^[281]	Sp. nov	Valid	Crundwell	Early Pliocene		Southwest Pacific Ocean
Globorotaloides atlanticus^[282]	Sp. nov	Valid	Spezzaferri & Coxall	Oligocene and Miocene		Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean	A member of Globigerinoidea belonging to the family Globigerinidae.
Globoturborotalita eolabiacrassata^[283]	Sp. nov	Valid	Spezzaferri & Coxall in Spezzaferri et al.	Eocene to Miocene		Belgium France Romania Tanzania United States ( New Jersey) Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean (Kerguelen Plateau) Pacific Ocean (Nazca Plate)	A member of Globigerinoidea belonging to the family Globigerinidae.
Globoturborotalita paracancellata^[283]	Sp. nov	Valid	Olsson & Hemleben in Spezzaferri et al.	Eocene and Oligocene		Western Atlantic Ocean Gulf Coast of the United States	A member of Globigerinoidea belonging to the family Globigerinidae.
Globoturborotalita pseudopraebulloides^[283]	Sp. nov	Valid	Olsson & Hemleben in Spezzaferri et al.	Oligocene and Miocene		Australia Austria Tanzania Trinidad and Tobago Gulf of Mexico South Atlantic Ocean Western equatorial Pacific Ocean	A member of Globigerinoidea belonging to the family Globigerinidae.
Haplophragmoides perlobatus^[269]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hjalmarsdottir, Nakrem & Nagy	Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous	Agardhfjellet Formation	Norway
Hemisphaerammina apta^[284]	Sp. nov	Valid	McNeil & Neville	Early Eocene		Beaufort Sea	A member of the order Astrorhizida and the suborder Hemisphaeramminineae.
Ichnusella senerae^[285]	Sp. nov	Valid	Rigaud, Schlagintweit & Bucur	Early Cretaceous (Barremian–early Aptian)		Austria France Italy Romania Turkey Croatia? Serbia? Ukraine?	A member of the group Spirillinida belonging to the family Spirillinidae.
Labrospira lenticulata^[269]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hjalmarsdottir, Nakrem & Nagy	Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous	Agardhfjellet Formation	Norway
Lenticulina stewarti^[267]	Sp. nov	Valid	Fox et al.	Oligocene (Rupelian)		Germany	A member of the group Nodosariacea belonging to the family Vaginulinidae.
Moulladella^[286]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bucur & Schlagintweit	Early Cretaceous (Valanginian-Barremian)		Austria Bulgaria France Romania Serbia Spain	A member of Loftusiida belonging to the family Pfenderinidae. The type species is "Meyendorffina (Paracoskinolina)" jourdanensis Foury & Moullade (1966).
Neodubrovnikella^[287]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Schlagintweit & Rashidi	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Tarbur Formation	Iran	Genus includes new species N. maastrichtiana.
Neonavarella^[288]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Giusberti, Kaminski & Mancin	Paleocene (Thanetian)	Scaglia Rossa Formation	Italy	A member of Lituolida belonging to the family Ammobaculinidae. The type species is N. sudalpina.
Neotrocholina theodori^[285]	Sp. nov	Valid	Rigaud, Schlagintweit & Bucur	Early Cretaceous (Barremian–early Aptian)		Austria France Iran Poland Romania Turkey	A member of the group Spirillinida belonging to the family Spirillinidae.
Nonion cepa^[267]	Sp. nov	Valid	Fox et al.	Late Oligocene to early Miocene		Central North Sea basin Netherlands	A member of the group Rotaliida belonging to the family Nonionidae.
Nummulites fayumensis^[289]	Sp. nov	Valid	Al Menoufy & Boukhary	Eocene (Lutetian)		Egypt	A nummulite.
Nummulites tenuissimus^[289]	Sp. nov	Valid	Al Menoufy & Boukhary	Eocene (Lutetian)		Egypt	A nummulite.
Omphalocyclus macroporus ellipsoides^[290]	Subsp. nov	Valid	Al Nuaimy	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Aqra Formation	Iraq
Omphalocyclus macroporus maukabensis^[290]	Subsp. nov	Valid	Al Nuaimy	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Aqra Formation	Iraq
Palaeoelphidium^[291]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Consorti, Schlagintweit & Rashidi	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)		Iran Iraq Qatar	A member of the family Elphidiellidae; a new genus for "Elphidiella" multiscissurata Smout (1955).
Paralachlanella^[271]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Rögl & Briguglio	Miocene (Burdigalian)	Quilon Formation	India	Genus includes new species P. pilleri.
Pseudomassilina quilonensis^[271]	Sp. nov	Valid	Rögl & Briguglio	Miocene (Burdigalian)	Quilon Formation	India
Pseudopeneroplis^[292]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Consorti in Consorti et al.	Late Cretaceous (late Cenomanian)		Peru	A member of the superfamily Soritoidea and the family Praerhapydioninidae. Genus includes new species P. oyonensis.
Quiltyella^[279]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Coxall & Spezzaferri in Spezzaferri et al.	Oligocene and Miocene		Austria Romania East Pacific Ocean	A member of Globigerinoidea belonging to the family Globigerinidae. The type species is "Clavigerinella" nazcaensis Quilty (1976); genus also includes "Hastigerinella" clavacella Rögl (1969).
Ranikothalia daviesi^[293]	Sp. nov	Valid	Sirel & Deveciler	Early Eocene		Turkey	A member of the group Rotaliida belonging to the family Nummulitidae.
Reophax pyriloculus^[269]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hjalmarsdottir, Nakrem & Nagy	Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous	Agardhfjellet Formation	Norway
Schubertella luisorum^[294]	Sp. nov	Valid	Villa in Villa, Merino-Tomé & Martín Llaneza	Carboniferous (Moscovian)	La Nueva Limestone Meruxalín Limestone Sutu Limestone	Spain	A member of Fusulinida.
Streptochilus tasmanensis^[295]	Sp. nov	Valid	Smart & Thomas	Oligocene		South Tasman Rise	A member of Bolivinoidea belonging to the family Bolivinidae.
Subbotina projecta^[296]	Sp. nov	Valid	Olsson, Pearson & Wade in Wade et al.	Late Eocene and Oligocene	Yazoo Formation	Tanzania United States ( Alabama Mississippi) Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean	A member of Globigerinoidea belonging to the family Globigerinidae.
Textularia pernana^[269]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hjalmarsdottir, Nakrem & Nagy	Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous	Agardhfjellet Formation	Norway	A species of Textularia.
Trilobatus altospiralis^[280]	Sp. nov	Valid	Spezzaferri in Spezzaferri, Olsson & Hemleben	Miocene		South Pacific Ocean	A member of Globigerinoidea belonging to the family Globigerinidae.
Trochammina jakovlevae^[297]	Sp. nov	Valid	Glinskikh & Nikitenko	Middle Jurassic (late Bajocian-early Bathonian)	Churkino Formation	Russia	A member of the family Trochamminidae.
Uvigerina kingi^[267]	Sp. nov	Valid	Fox et al.	Middle Miocene		Netherlands Southern and central North Sea	A member of the group Rotaliida belonging to the family Uvigerinidae.

Other organisms

Research

A study on putative stromatolites described from the 3,700-Myr-old rocks from the Isua supracrustal belt (Greenland) by Nutman et al. (2016)^[298] is published by Allwood et al. (2018), who interpret these putative stromatolites as more likely to be structures of non-biological origin.^[299]
Carbon isotope analyses of 11 microbial fossils from the ~3,465-million-year-old Apex chert (Australia) are published by Schopf et al. (2018), who interpret two of the five studied species as primitive photosynthesizers, one as an Archaeal methane producer, and two as methane consumers.^[300]
The oldest well-preserved microbial mats fabrics are described from the ≈3,472-million-year-old Middle Marker horizon, Barberton Greenstone Belt (South Africa) by Hickman-Lewis et al. (2018).^[301]
Direct fossil evidence for life on land 3,220 million years ago in the form of terrestrial microbial mats is reported from the Moodies Group (South Africa) by Homann et al. (2018).^[302]
Microfossils representing 18 morphotypes are reported from the c. 2.4 billion years old Turee Creek Group (Western Australia) by Barlow & Van Kranendonk (2018).^[303]
Ten representative types of exceptionally well-preserved mat-related structures, interpreted as likely to be of biological origin and including putative microbial mats and discoidal microbial colonies, are reported from the 2.1-billion-year-old Francevillian series in Gabon by Aubineau et al. (2018).^[304]
A study on the chemical, isotopic and molecular structural characteristics of the putative multicellular eukaryote fossils from carbonaceous compressions in the 1.63 billion years old Tuanshanzi Formation (China) is published by Qu et al. (2018).^[305]
Intact porphyrins, the molecular fossils of chlorophylls, are described from 1,100-million-year-old marine black shales of the Taoudeni Basin (Mauritania) by Gueneli et al. (2018), who also study the nitrogen isotopic values of the fossil pigments, and interpret their findings as indicating that the oceans of that time were dominated by cyanobacteria, while larger planktonic algae were scarce.^[306]
A study on the evolutionary history of bacteria is published by Louca et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that most bacterial lineages ever to have inhabited Earth are extinct.^[307]
Bobrovskiy et al. (2018) report molecular fossils from organically preserved specimens of Beltanelliformis, and interpret the fossils as representing large spherical colonies of cyanobacteria.^[308]
Discoid imprints sampled from the Precambrian terranes of central Dobruja (Romania) are described and assigned to the species Beltanelliformis brunsae by Saint Martin & Saint Martin (2018).^[309]
A study on the age of the fossil red alga Bangiomorpha pubescens is published by Gibson et al. (2018).^[310]
A reassessment of the anatomy and taxonomy of Orbisiana, based on a restudy of the rediscovered original type material of O. simplex, is published by Kolesnikov et al. (2018).^[311]
A study on the positions of fossil specimens in the assemblages of Ediacaran fossils from Mistaken Point (Canada), as well as on their implications for inferring the interactions and associations between the Ediacaran organisms, is published by Mitchell & Butterfield (2018).^[312]
A study on the height of Ediacaran organisms from Mistaken Point, evaluating the link between the increase of height and resource competition or greater offspring dispersal, is published by Mitchell & Kenchington (2018).^[313]
Evidence of a radiation of the Ediacaran biota that witnessed the emergence and widespread implementation of novel, animal-style ecologies is presented by Tarhan et al. (2018), who argue that this transition was linked to the expansion of Ediacaran taxa into dynamic, shallow marine environments characterized by episodic disturbance and complex and diverse organically-bound substrates, and propose that younger, second-wave Ediacaran communities resulting from said radiation were part of an ecological and evolutionary continuum with Phanerozoic ecosystems.^[314]
A study on the size range, ontogeny and palaeoenvironment of Rugoconites is published by Hall, Droser & Gehling (2018).^[315]
Elliptical body fossils are described from the Ediacaran–Fortunian deposits of central Brittany (France) by Néraudeau et al. (2018), representing the first body fossils described from these deposits.^[316]
A study on the sandstone- and limestone-hosted occurrences of Palaeopascichnus linearis (including material from a new locality in Arctic Siberia), indicative of a greater range of taxonomic and taphonomic variation, is published by Kolesnikov et al. (2018).^[317]
A study on the organic-walled microfossils from the Cambrian strata in the stratotype section of the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary in the Burin Peninsula (Canada) is published by Palacios et al. (2018).^[318]
Fossils interpreted as threads of filamentous cyanobacteria are described from the Cambrian (Guzhangian) Alum Shale Formation (Sweden) by Castellani et al. (2018).^[319]
Enigmatic Devonian taxon Protonympha is interpreted as a possible post-Ediacaran vendobiont by Retallack (2018).^[320]
Description of fossils of nonmarine diatoms belonging to the genus Actinocyclus from the Lower to Middle Miocene lacustrine deposits in Japan and a study on the possible causal links between the evolution of nonmarine planktonic diatoms and the climatic and environmental changes that occurred during the Miocene is published by Hayashi et al. (2018).^[321]
A study on the cell-size frequency distributions across calcareous nanoplankton communities through the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, on their population biomass and on the impact of climate change on their cellular characteristics is published by Gibbs et al. (2018).^[322]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes
Alievium mangalensiense^[323]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bragina & Bragin	Late Cretaceous		Cyprus	A radiolarian belonging to the family Pseudoaulophacidae.
Angochitina plicata^[324]	Sp. nov	Valid	Noetinger, di Pasquo & Starck	Devonian		Argentina	A chitinozoan.
Anhuithrix^[325]	Gen. et comb. nov		Pang et al.	Tonian	Liulaobei Formation	China	A member of Cyanobacteria; a new genus for "Omalophyma" magna Steiner (1994).
Attenborites^[326]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Droser et al.	Ediacaran	Rawnsley Quartzite	Australia	An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement, described on the basis of a well-defined irregular oval to circular fossil. Genus includes new species A. janeae. Announced in 2018; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020.
Cyclotella cassandrae^[327]	Sp. nov	Valid	Paillès et al.	Pleistocene		Guatemala	A diatom.
Cyclotella petenensis^[327]	Sp. nov	Valid	Paillès et al.	Pleistocene		Guatemala	A diatom.
Doulia^[328]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lian et al.	Cambrian Stage 3	Hongjingshao Formation	China	A possible planktonic alga of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species D. rara.
Eolaminaria simigladiola^[328]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lian et al.	Cambrian Stage 3	Hongjingshao Formation	China	A macroalga of uncertain phylogenetic placement.
Epistacheoides bozorgniai^[329]	Sp. nov	Valid	Falahatgar, Vachard & Sarfi	Carboniferous (Viséan)		Iran	An alga of uncertain phylogenetic placement.
Girvanella lianiformis^[330]	Sp. nov	Valid	Peel	Cambrian (Drumian)	Ekspedition Bræ Formation	Greenland	A member of Cyanobacteria belonging to the family Cyanophyceae.
Girvanella pituutaq^[330]	Sp. nov	Valid	Peel	Cambrian (Drumian)	Ekspedition Bræ Formation	Greenland	A member of Cyanobacteria belonging to the family Cyanophyceae.
Gorgonisphaeridium impexus^[324]	Sp. nov	Valid	Noetinger, di Pasquo & Starck	Devonian		Argentina	An acritarch.
Hylaecullulus^[331]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Kenchington, Dunn & Wilby	Ediacaran		United Kingdom	A rangeomorph. The type species is H. fordi.
Leiosphaeridia gorda^[332]	Sp. nov	Valid	Loron & Moczydłowska	Tonian	Visingsö Group Wynniatt Formation	Canada Sweden	A unicellular microorganism of algal affinities.
Lontohystrichosphaera^[248]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Slater, Harvey & Butterfield	Cambrian (Terreneuvian)	Lontova Formation	Estonia	A large ornamented acritarch of unresolved biological affinity, probably an ontogenetically and metabolically active eukaryotic organism rather than a dormant protistan cyst. Genus includes new species L. grandis.
Mallomonas aperturae^[333]	Sp. nov	Valid	Siver	Middle Eocene	Giraffe Pipe locality	Canada	A synurid, a species of Mallomonas.
Mallomonas bakeri^[334]	Sp. nov	Valid	Siver	Middle Eocene	Giraffe Pipe locality	Canada	A synurid, a species of Mallomonas.
Mallomonas skogstadii^[334]	Sp. nov	Valid	Siver	Middle Eocene	Giraffe Pipe locality	Canada	A synurid, a species of Mallomonas.
Mispertonia^[335]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	McLean et al.	Carboniferous (Mississippian) to Late Permian or Early Triassic		India United Kingdom	An organic-walled microfossil of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species M. desiccata.
Obamus^[336]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Dzaugis et al.	Ediacaran	Rawnsley Quartzite	Australia	A torus-shaped organism, similar in gross morphology to some poriferans and benthic cnidarians. Genus includes new species O. coronatus. Announced in 2018; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020.
Orpikania^[330]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Peel	Cambrian (Drumian)	Ekspedition Bræ Formation	Greenland	A member of the family Epiphytaceae (a group of organisms of uncertain phylogenetic placement). Genus includes new species O. freucheni.
Pakupaku^[337]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Riedman, Porter & Calver	Tonian	Black River Dolomite	Australia	A vase-shaped microfossil. Genus includes new species P. kabin.
Pierceites deccanensis^[338]	Sp. nov	Valid	Prasad et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)		India	A dinoflagellate belonging to the family Peridiniaceae.
Pseudoalievium^[323]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Bragina & Bragin	Late Cretaceous		Cyprus	A radiolarian belonging to the family Pseudoaulophacidae. Genus includes new species P. parekklisiense and P. inflatum.
Pseudoaulophacus decoratus^[323]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bragina & Bragin	Late Cretaceous		Cyprus	A radiolarian belonging to the family Pseudoaulophacidae.
Retiranus^[248]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Slater, Harvey & Butterfield	Cambrian (Terreneuvian)	Lontova Formation Voosi Formation	Estonia Lithuania	A sheet-like or funnel-shaped organism of unresolved biological affinity. Genus includes new species R. balticus.
Rugophyca^[328]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lian et al.	Cambrian Stage 3	Hongjingshao Formation	China	A macroalga of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species R. longa.
Saarinomorpha^[339]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Kolosov & Sofroneeva	Vendian		Russia	A tubiform organic-walled segmented microfossil, resembling Saarina juliae but smaller by one–two orders of magnitude. Genus includes new species S. infundibularis.
Singulariphyca^[328]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lian et al.	Cambrian Stage 3	Hongjingshao Formation	China	A macroalga of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species S. ramosa.
Stellarossica^[340]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Vorob'eva & Sergeev	Precambrian	Ura Formation	Russia	A large acanthomorph acritarch. Genus includes new species S. ampla.
Synsphaeridium parahioense^[341]	Sp. nov	Valid	Yin et al.	Cambrian Series 3		India	An acritarch.
Tristratothallus^[342]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Edwards et al.	Silurian (Ludfordian)	Downton Castle Sandstone Formation	United Kingdom	A nematophyte belonging to the family Nematothallaceae. Genus includes new species T. ludfordensis.
Vendotaenia pavimentpes^[343]	Sp. nov	Valid	Yang & Qin in Yang et al.	Ediacaran	Dengying Formation	China	An alga.
Vendotaenia sixiense^[343]	Sp. nov	Valid	Yang & Qin in Yang et al.	Ediacaran	Dengying Formation	China	An alga.

History of life in general

Research related to paleontology that concerns multiple groups of the organisms listed above.

A study on the history of life on Earth is published by McMahon & Parnell (2018), who argue that the subsurface "deep biosphere" outweighed the surface biosphere by about one order of magnitude for at least half of the history of life.^[344]
A timescale of life on Earth, based on a reappraisal of the fossil material and new molecular clock analyses, is presented by Betts et al. (2018).^[345]
A study on functional shifts in modern phototrophic microbial mats across redox gradients, and on its implications for inferring the metabolic transitions experienced during the Great Oxygenation Event, is published by Gutiérrez-Preciado et al. (2018).^[346]
A study on living cyanobacteria, testing the hypothesis that planktonic single-celled cyanobacteria could drive the export of organic carbon from the surface to deep ocean in the Paleoproterozoic, is published by Kamennaya et al. (2018).^[347]
A study on the abundance of bio-essential trace elements during the period in Earth's history known as the "Boring Billion" is published by Mukherjee et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that key biological innovations in eukaryote evolution (the appearance of first eukaryotes, the acquisition of certain cell organelles, the origin of multicellularity and the origin of sexual reproduction) probably occurred during the period of a scarcity of trace elements, followed by a broad-scale diversification of eukaryotes during the period of a relative abundance of trace elements.^[348]
A study on the eukaryotic species richness during Tonian and Cryogenian is published by Riedman & Sadler (2018).^[349]
A study on the Ediacaran ecosystem complexity is published by Darroch, Laflamme & Wagner (2018), who report evidence of the Ediacara biota forming complex-type communities throughout much of their stratigraphic range, and thus likely comprising species that competed for different resources and/or created niche for others.^[350]
A study evaluating how temperature can govern oxygen supply to animals at oceanographic scales, as well as how temperature dynamically affects the absolute tolerance of partial pressure of oxygen in marine ectotherms, and re-examining bathymetric patterns within the Ediacaran fossil record in an ecophysiological context, is published by Boag et al. (2018).^[351]
A study investigating possible water column redox controls on the distribution and growth of the oldest animal communities, based on data from the Ediacaran Nama Group (Namibia), is published by Wood et al. (2018).^[352]
A study on the duration of the faunal transition from Ediacaran to Cambrian biota, as indicated by data from a composite section in Namibia, is published online by Linnemann et al. (2018).^[353]
A study on the evolution of the diversity of animal body plans, based on data from extant and Cambrian animals, is published by Deline et al. (2018).^[354]
A review of the evidence for shell crushing (durophagy), drilling and puncturing predation in the Cambrian (and possibly the Ediacaran) is published by Bicknell & Paterson (2018).^[355]
A study on the timing and process of ocean oxygenation in the early Cambrian and its impact on the diversification of early Cambrian animals, based on data from the Cambrian Niutitang Formation (China), is published by Zhao et al. (2018).^[356]
A study on the evolution of marine animal communities over the Phanerozoic, evaluating the ecological changes caused by major radiations and mass extinctions, is published by Muscente et al. (2018).^[357]
A study evaluating whether rapid warming preferentially increased the extinction risk of tropical marine fossil taxa throughout the Phanerozoic is published online by Reddin, Kocsis & Kiessling (2018).^[358]
A study on the impact of mass extinctions on the global biogeographical structure, as indicated by data on time-traceable bioregions for benthic marine species across the Phanerozoic, is published by Kocsis, Reddin & Kiessling (2018).^[359]
A study on the nektic and eunektic diversity and occurrences throughout the Paleozoic is published by Whalen & Briggs (2018).^[360]
A study analyzing the link between net latitudinal range shifts of marine invertebrates and seawater temperature over the (post-Cambrian) Phanerozoic Eon is published by Reddin, Kocsis & Kiessling (2018).^[361]
A study on within-habitat, between-habitat, and overall diversity of benthic marine invertebrates (gastropods, bivalves, trilobites, brachiopods and echinoderms) from Phanerozoic geological formations is published online by Hofmann, Tietje & Aberhan (2018).^[362]
A study evaluating the link between macroevolutionary success (evolving many species) and macroecological success (the occupation of an unusually high number of areas by a species or clade) in fossil echinoid, cephalopod, bivalve, gastropod, brachiopod and trilobite species is published by Wagner, Plotnick & Lyons (2018).^[363]
A study comparing the extinction events which occurred at the end of the Ordovician and at the end of the Capitanian (middle Permian) is published by Isozaki & Servais (2018).^[364]
Filamentous microorganisms associated with annelid tubeworms are described from the Ordovician to early Silurian Yaman Kasy volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposit (Ural Mountains, Russia) by Georgieva et al. (2018).^[365]
Vertebrate fossil fauna from the Tournaisian-age Ballagan Formation exposed on the beach at Burnmouth (Scotland) is described by Otoo et al. (2018).^[366]
A study on the early tetrapod diversity and biogeography in the Carboniferous and early Permian, evaluating the impact of the Carboniferous rainforest collapse on early tetrapod communities, is published by Dunne et al. (2018).^[367]
A study on the patterns of dispersal and vicariance of tetrapods across Pangaea during the Carboniferous and Permian is published by Brocklehurst et al. (2018).^[368]
O'Connor et al. (2018) reconstruct the most likely karyotype of the diapsid common ancestor based on data from extant reptiles and birds, and argue that most features of a typical 'avian-like' karyotype were in place before the divergence of birds and turtles ≈255 million years ago.^[369]
A study evaluating whether the fossil record supports the reality of the Permian Olson's Extinction, based on an analysis of the tetrapod species richness in the tetrapod-bearing formations of Texas preserving fossils from the time of the extinction, is published by Brocklehurst (2018).^[370]
A study on the patterns of species richness, origination rates and extinction rates of the mid-Permian tetrapods from South Africa is published by Day et al. (2018).^[371]
A study on the changes of distribution of terrestrial tetrapods from the Permian (Guadalupian) to the Middle Triassic and on the impact of the Permian–Triassic extinction event on the palaeobiogeography of terrestrial tetrapods is published by Bernardi, Petti & Benton (2018).^[372]
A study on the causes of biotic extinction during the Guadalupian-Lopingian transition is published online by Huang et al. (2018).^[373]
A study on the composition and biotic interactions in terrestrial paleocommunities from the Karoo Basin (South Africa) spanning the Permian-Triassic mass extinction is published online by Roopnarine et al. (2018), who propose a new hypothesis to explain the persistence of biotic assemblages and their reorganization or destruction.^[374]
A study on the biogeographic patterns and severity of extinction of marine taxa during the Permian–Triassic extinction event, evaluating whether global warming and ocean oxygen loss can mechanistically account for the marine mass extinction, is published by Penn et al. (2018).^[375]
A study on changes in the structure of phytoplankton communities in South China during the Permian-Triassic transition is published online by Lei et al. (2018).^[376]
A study on the recovery of benthic invertebrates following the Permian–Triassic extinction event, based on analysis of changes in the species richness, functional richness, evenness, composition, and ecological complexity of benthic marine communities from the Lower Triassic Servino Formation (Italy), is published by Foster et al. (2018).^[377]
Description of an Early Triassic marine fauna from the Ad Daffah conglomerate in eastern Oman, and on its implications for inferring the ecology and diversity during the early aftermath of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, is published online by Brosse et al. (2018).^[378]
A study on microbial mounds from the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation (China), and their implications for inferring the course of biotic recovery after the Permian–Triassic extinction event, is published by Duan et al. (2018).^[379]
A study on the timing and pattern of ecosystem succession during and after the Permian–Triassic extinction event for the duration of the entire Triassic, as indicated by the changing diversity among non-motile, motile and nektonic animals, is published by Song, Wignall & Dunhill (2018).^[380]
Marine faunas characterized by unusually high levels of both benthic and nektonic taxonomic richness are described from two Early Triassic sections from South China by Dai et al. (2018).^[381]
A study on the historical shifts in geographical ranges and climatic niches of terrestrial vertebrates (both endotherms and ectotherms) based on data from extant and fossil vertebrates is published by Rolland et al. (2018).^[382]
A study on the stratigraphic distribution of the marine vertebrate fossils of the Xingyi Fauna from the Middle Triassic Falang Formation (China) is published by Lu et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that the Xingyi Fauna comprises two distinct vertebrate assemblages, resulting from a major faunal change, which was probably caused by a turnover of their ecological setting from nearshore to offshore.^[383]
A study on the patterns of diversity change and extinction selectivity in marine ecosystems during the Triassic–Jurassic interval, especially in relation to the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, is published by Dunhill et al. (2018).^[384]
A study on the extinction selectivity of marine organisms through the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic, evaluating whether there are any substantial differences between the hyperthermal events during the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event and Toarcian turnover and the periods of normal background extinction, is published by Dunhill et al. (2018).^[385]
A study on the impact of changes in ocean chemistry beginning in the Mesozoic on the nutritional quality of planktonic algal biomass compared to earlier phytoplankton is published by Giordano et al. (2018).^[386]
A study on the morphological, ecological and behavioural traits linked to the evolution of tail weaponization in extant and fossil amniotes is published by Arbour & Zanno (2018).^[387]
A study on the factors which led to the colonization of marine environments in the evolution of amniotes is published by Vermeij & Motani (2018).^[388]
A review of marine reptile (plesiosaur, ichthyosaur and thalattosuchian) fossils from the Oxfordian sedimentary rocks in Great Britain (United Kingdom), focusing on the Corallian Group, is published by Foffa, Young & Brusatte (2018), who report evidence of a severe reduction in observed marine reptile diversity during the Oxfordian.^[389]
A study evaluating how the structure of marine reptile ecosystems and their ecologies changed over the roughly 18-million-year history of the Jurassic Sub-Boreal Seaway of the United Kingdom, as indicated by data from fossil teeth, is published by Foffa et al. (2018).^[390]
A diverse and ecologically informative faunal assemblage is described from the Lower Cretaceous Arundel Clay facies (Maryland, United States) by Frederickson, Lipka & Cifelli (2018).^[391]
Description of an assemblage of Early Cretaceous (Barremian) coprolites from the Las Hoyas Konservat-Lagerstätte (Spain) and a study on their biological and environmental affinities is published by Barrios-de Pedro et al. (2018).^[392]
A study on the taphonomic properties of the inclusions contained in the Las Hoyas coprolites, and their implications for inferring the patterns of digestive processes of the producers of these coprolites, is published by Barrios-de Pedro & Buscalioni (2018).^[393]
Description of isocrinid crinoids belonging to the genus Isocrinus from the Cretaceous amber from Myanmar is published by Mao et al. (2018), who also report coral columnals and oysters from the amber from Myanmar, and evaluate the age of this amber.^[394]
A study on the taxonomic composition of the early Late Cretaceous fauna from the Cliffs of Insanity microvertebrate locality (Mussentuchit Member, Cedar Mountain Formation; Utah, United States) is published by Avrahami et al. (2018).^[395]
Fossil assemblage including plant and vertebrate remains is described from the Turonian Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale Formation (Utah, United States) by Jud et al. (2018), who report turtle and crocodilian remains and an ornithopod sacrum, as well as a large silicified log assigned to the genus Paraphyllanthoxylon, representing the largest known pre-Campanian flowering plant reported so far and the earliest documented occurrence of an angiosperm tree more than 1.0 m in diameter.^[396]
A study comparing the ecological similarity of Cretaceous cold seep assemblages preserved in the Pierre Shale surrounding the Black Hills and modern cold-seep assemblages is published online by Laird & Belanger (2018).^[397]
A record of foraminifera, calcareous nannoplankton, trace fossils and elemental abundance data from within the Chicxulub crater, dated to approximately the first 200,000 years of the Paleocene, is presented by Lowery et al. (2018), who report evidence indicating that life reappeared in the basin just years after the Chicxulub impact and a high-productivity ecosystem was established within 30,000 years.^[398]
Vertebrate pathogens found associated with fossil hematophagous arthropods in Dominican, Mexican, Baltic, Canadian and Burmese amber are reported by Poinar (2018).^[399]
Grimaldi et al. (2018) report biological inclusions (fungi, plants, arachnids and insects) in amber from the Paleogene Chickaloon Formation of Alaska, representing the northernmost deposit of fossiliferous amber from the Cenozoic.^[400]
A synthesis of studies on the evolution of the cold-water coastal North Pacific biota over the last 36 million years, its origins and its influences on other temperate regions, is presented by Vermeij et al. (2018).^[401]
A review of Neogene–Quaternary terrestrial vertebrate sites from the Middle Kura Basin (eastern Georgia and western Azerbaijan) is published by Bukhsianidze & Koiava (2018).^[402]
A study on the reptile and amphibian fossils from the early Pleistocene site of the Russel-Tiglia-Egypte pit near Tegelen (Netherlands) is published by Villa et al. (2018).^[403]
A study on the structure of the animal community known from the Okote Member of the Koobi Fora Formation at East Turkana (Kenya) as indicated by tracks and skeletal assemblages, and on the interactions of Homo erectus with environment and associated faunas from this site, is published by Roach et al. (2018).^[404]
A revision of Middle Pleistocene faunal record from archeological sites in Africa, and a study on its implications for inferring potential links between hominin subsistence behavior and the Early Stone Age/Middle Stone Age technological turnover, is published online by Smith et al. (2018).^[405]
Evidence of bird and carnivore exploitation by Neanderthals (cut-marks in golden eagle, raven, wolf and lynx remains) is reported from the Axlor site (Spain) by Gómez-Olivencia et al. (2018).^[406]
A study on the compositions of the faunal and stone artifact assemblages at Liang Bua (Flores, Indonesia), aiming to determine the last appearance dates of Stegodon, giant marabou stork, Old World vulture belonging to the genus Trigonoceps, and Komodo dragon at the Liang Bua site, and to determine what raw materials were preferred by hominins from this site ~50,000–13,000 years ago and whether these are preferences were similar to those seen in the stone artifact assemblages attributed to Homo floresiensis or to those attributed to modern humans, is published by Sutikna et al. (2018).^[407]
A study on the fossil Sporormiella, pollen and microscopic particles of charcoal recovered from sediments of Lake Mares and Lake Olhos d'Agua (Brazil) which spanned the time of megafaunal extinction and human arrival in southeastern Brazil, and on their implications for inferring the timing of the decline of local megafauna and its ecological implications, is published by Raczka, Bush & De Oliveira (2018).^[408]
A study evaluating whether the occurrence and decline of spores of Sporormiella in sediments is a good proxy for the occurrence and extinction of megaherbivores, as indicated by data from Cuddie Springs in south-eastern Australia, is published by Dodson & Field (2018).^[409]
A study evaluating how mega-herbivore animal species controlled plant community composition and nutrient cycling, relative to other factors during and after the Late Quaternary extinction event in Great Britain and Ireland, is published by Jeffers et al. (2018).^[410]
A study on the impact of the late Quaternary extinction of megafauna on the megafauna-deprived ecosystems is published by Galetti et al. (2018).^[411]
A study on the possible impact of the end of the millennial-scale climate fluctuations characteristic of the ice age (and the beginning of the more stable climate regime of the Holocene approximately 11,700 years ago) on the Late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions is published online by Mann et al. (2018).^[412]
A study on the past biodiversity, population dynamics, extinction processes, and the impact of subsistence practices on the vertebrate fauna of New Zealand, based on analysis of bone fragments from archaeological and paleontological sites covering the last 20,000 years of New Zealand's past, is published by Seersholm et al. (2018).^[413]
A study on changes in plant pathogen communities (fungi and oomycetes) in response to changing climate during late Quaternary, as indicated by data from solidified deposits of rodent coprolites and nesting material from the central Atacama Desert spanning the last ca. 49,000 years, is published by Wood et al. (2018).^[414]
A study on the parsimony and Bayesian-derived phylogenies of fossil tetrapods, evaluating which of them are in closer agreement with stratigraphic range data, is published by Sansom et al. (2018).^[415]
A study aiming to infer the causes of differences between estimates of speciation and extinction rates based on molecular phylogenies and those based on fossil record is published by Silvestro et al. (2018), who provide simple mathematical formulae linking the diversification rates inferred from fossils and phylogenies.^[416]
A review of extinction theory and the fossil record of terrestrial diversity crises, comparing past diversity crises of terrestrial vertebrate faunas with the ongoing Holocene extinction, is published by Padian (2018).^[417]
A new metric, which can be used to quantify the term "living fossil" and determine which organisms can be reasonably referred to as such, is proposed by Bennett, Sutton & Turvey (2018).^[418]
A novel non-invasive and label-free tomographic approach to reconstruct the three-dimensional architecture of microfossils based on stimulated Raman scattering is presented by Golreihan et al. (2018).^[419]
Mürer et al. (2018) report on the results of the use of a combination of X-ray diffraction and computed tomography to gain insight into the microstructure of fossil bones of Eusthenopteron foordi and Discosauriscus austriacus.^[420]
A study on melanosomes preserved in the integument and internal organs of extant and fossil frog specimens, evaluating their implications for inferring colours of extinct animals on the basis of melanosomes preserved in fossil specimens, is published by McNamara et al. (2018).^[421]
A study on fossil vertebrate tissues and experimentally matured modern samples, aiming to the mechanism of soft tissue preservation and the environments that favor it, is published by Wiemann et al. (2018).^[422]
A mechanistic model that simulates the history of life on the South American continent, driven by modeled climates of the past 800,000 years, is presented by Rangel et al. (2018).^[423]
A study on temporal trends in biogeography and body size evolution of Australian vertebrates is published by Brennan & Keogh (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that gradual Miocene cooling and aridification of Australia correlated with the restricted phenotypic diversification of multiple ecologically diverse vertebrate groups.^[424]
A study evaluating how faithfully stratigraphic ranges of extant Adriatic molluscs are recorded in a series of cores drilled through alluvial, coastal and shallow-marine strata of the Po Plain (Italy) is published by Nawrot et al. (2018), who also evaluate the implications of their study for interpretations of the timing, duration and ecological selectivity of mass extinction events in general.^[425]
A study on the evolution of morphological disparity (i.e. diversity of anatomical types), as indicated by data from 257 published character matrices of fossil taxa, is published by Wagner (2018).^[426]
A study on the evolution of functional and ecological innovations in temperate marine multicellular organisms inhabiting North Pacific during and after the Late Eocene is published by Vermeij (2018).^[427]
A method for dividing a paleontological dataset into bioregions is proposed by Brocklehurst & Fröbisch (2018), who apply the proposed method to a study of beta diversity of Paleozoic tetrapods.^[428]
A study aiming to estimate the magnitude and potential significance of palaeontological data from specimens housed in museum collections but not described in published literature is published by Marshall et al. (2018).^[429]
Sallan et al. (2018) traced the cradle of evolutionary origins and diversification of fish from the mid-Paleozoic era in nearshore environments.^[430]
Gómez-Olivencia et al. (2018) studied Kebara 2 Neanderthal thorax, aiming to understand how this ancient human species moved and breathed, based on a 3-D virtual reconstruction.^[431]
Smith et al. (2018) examined the teeth of Neanderthal children who lived 250,000 years ago in France, in order to comprehend their nursing duration, and the effect of lead exposure and severe winters on them.^[432]
Wiemann et al. (2018) studied dinosaur's egg colour evolution, in order to unravel whether modern birds inherited egg colour from their non-avian dinosaur ancestors.^[433]

Trace fossils

A study on the Devonian strata in the Zachełmie Quarry (Poland) preserving tracks of early tetrapods is published by Qvarnström et al. (2018), who reinterpret the tracks as produced in non-marine environment.^[434]
First tetrapod tracks from the Upper Permian–Lower Triassic (Lopingian–Induan) eolian strata of the Paraná Basin, southern Brazil, assigned to the ichnotaxa Dicynodontipus isp. and Chelichnus bucklandi, are described by Francischini et al. (2018).^[435]
A diverse footprint assemblage dominated by small mammal tracks is described from the Lower Cretaceous Patuxent Formation (Maryland, United States) by Stanford et al. (2018), who name a new mammal ichnotaxon Sederipes goddardensis.^[436]

Other research

Other research related to paleontology, including research related to geology, palaeogeography, paleoceanography and paleoclimatology.

A study testing the hypothesis that chemodenitrification, the rapid reduction of nitric oxide by ferrous iron, would have enhanced the flux of nitrous oxide from Proterozoic seas, leading to nitrous oxide becoming an important constituent of Earth's atmosphere during Proterozoic and possibly life's primary terminal electron acceptor during the transition from an anoxic to oxic surface Earth, is published by Stanton et al. (2018).^[437]
A study on the iron mineralogy of the 1.1-billion-year-old Paleolake Nonesuch (Nonesuch Formation), and on its implications for inferring whether the waters of this lake were oxygenated, is published by Slotznick, Swanson-Hysell & Sperling (2018).^[438]
A study on the Earth's atmosphere and the productivity of global biosphere 1.4 billion years ago, based on triple oxygen isotope measurements sedimentary sulfates from the Sibley basin (Ontario, Canada), is published by Crockford et al. (2018).^[439]
A study on the isotopically enriched chromium in Mesoproterozoic-aged shales from the Shennongjia Group (China) dating back to 1.35 billion years ago is published by Canfield et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as document elevated atmospheric oxygen levels through most of Mesoproterozoic Era, likely sufficient for early crown group animal respiration, but attained over 400 million years before they evolved.^[440]
A study on the rate of biotic oxygen production and the attendant large-scale biogeochemistry of the mid-Proterozoic Earth system is published online by Ozaki, Reinhard & Tajika (2018).^[441]
A study on the paleomagnetism of the Precambrian Bunger Hills dykes of the Mawson Craton (East Antarctica), and on its tectonic implications, is published by Liu et al. (2018).^[442]
A study on the causes of formation and on global extent of the Great Unconformity is published online by Keller et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that this unconformity may record rapid erosion during Neoproterozoic "Snowball Earth" glaciations, and that environmental and geochemical changes which led to the diversification of multicellular animals may be a direct consequence of Neoproterozoic glaciation.^[443]
A study on the environments and food sources that sustained the Ediacaran biota is published by Pehr et al. (2018), who present the lipid biomarker and nitrogen and carbon isotopic data obtained from late Ediacaran (<560 million years old) strata from seven drill cores and three outcrops spanning Baltica.^[444]
Gougeon et al. (2018) report evidence from the Lower Cambrian Chapel Island Formation (Canada) indicating that a mixed layer of sediment, of similar structure to that of modern marine sediments (which results from bioturbation by epifaunal and shallow infaunal organisms), was well established in shallow marine settings by the early Cambrian.^[445]
A study on the effects of the rise of bioturbation on global elemental cycles during the Cambrian is published by van de Velde et al. (2018).^[446]
A review of the history of the definition of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, aiming to clarify its concept and duration, is published by Servais & Harper (2018).^[447]
A study on the phytoplankton community structure and export production at the end of the Ordovician, as indicated by data from the Vinini Formation (Nevada, United States), and on their impact on the global carbon cycle and possible relation to the onset of the Late Ordovician glaciation, is published by Shen et al. (2018).^[448]
Evidence of multiple mercury enrichments in the two-step late Frasnian crisis interval from paleogeographically distant successions in Morocco, Germany and northern Russia is presented by Racki et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that the Late Devonian extinction was caused by rapid climatic perturbations promoted in turn by volcanic cataclysm.^[449]
A study on the sedimentary facies, oxygen isotopes and the generic conodont composition in two continuous Devonian (late Frasnian to the end-Famennian) outcrops in the Montagne Noire (Col des Tribes section, France, part of the Armorica microcontinent in the Devonian) and in the Buschteich section (Germany, part of the Saxo-Thuringian microplate in the Devonian), assessing the water depth, approximate position relative to the shore and paleotemperatures in the Late Devonian, and evaluating whether environmental changes affected both areas similarly and at the same pace in the Late Devonian, is published online by Girard et al. (2018).^[450]
A study on the onset and paleoenvironmental transitions associated with the Hangenberg Crisis within the Cleveland Shale member of the Ohio Shale is published online by Martinez et al. (2018).^[451]
A study on the age of a bentonite layer from Bed 36 in the Frasnian–Famennian succession at the abandoned Steinbruch Schmidt Quarry (Germany), aiming to determine the precise age of the Frasnian–Famennian boundary and the precise timing of the Late Devonian extinction, is published by Percival et al. (2018).^[452]
A study on the environmental changes and faunal turnover in the Karoo Basin (South Africa) during the late Permian is published by Viglietti, Smith & Rubidge (2018).^[453]
A study on carbonate microfacies and foraminifer abundances in three Upper Permian sections from isolated carbonate platforms of the Nanpanjiang Basin (China), indicative of a marine environmental instability up to 60,000 years preceding Permian–Triassic extinction event, is published online by Tian et al. (2018).^[454]
A study on the halogen compositions of Siberian rocks emplaced before and after the eruption of the Siberian flood basalts during the Permian–Triassic extinction event, and on its implications for inferring the source and nature of volatiles in the Siberian large igneous province, is published by Broadley et al. (2018).^[455]
Evidence of enhanced continental chemical weathering at the Permian–Triassic boundary is reported from bulk rock samples from the Meishan section in South China by Sun et al. (2018), who also evaluate the potential impact of this enhanced weathering on global climate changes when the end-Permian extinction occurred.^[456]
A study on the U-Pb geochronology, biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of a highly expanded section at Penglaitan (Guangxi, China) is published online by Shen et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as indicative of a sudden end-Permian mass extinction that occurred at 251.939 ± 0.031 million years ago.^[457]
A study on the age of the dinosaur-bearing Triassic Santa Maria Formation and Caturrita Formation (Brazil) is published by Langer, Ramezani & Da Rosa (2018).^[458]
Paleomagnetic and geochronologic study on the Chinle Formation (Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, United States) is published by Kent et al. (2018), who report evidence indicating that a 405,000-year orbital eccentricity cycle linked to gravitational interactions with Jupiter and Venus was already influencing Earth's climate in the Late Triassic.^[459]
Evidence of sill intrusions which were likely cause of the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event is reported from the Amazonas and Solimões Basins (Brazil) by Heimdal et al. (2018).^[460]
A study on the palaeoenvironmental conditions that existed during the time the Upper Cretaceous Winton Formation (Australia) was deposited is published by Fletcher, Moss & Salisbury (2018).^[461]
A study on the age of the Namba Member of the Galula Formation (Tanzania), yielding fossils of Pakasuchus, Rukwasuchus, Rukwatitan and Shingopana, is published by Widlansky et al. (2018).^[462]
A study on the geology, age and palaeoenvironment of the main fossil-bearing beds of the Cretaceous Griman Creek Formation (New South Wales, Australia) is published online by Bell et al. (2018).^[463]
A study on the nature of the fluvial systems of Laramidia during the Late Cretaceous, as indicated by data from vertebrate and invertebrate fossils from the Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah, and on the behavior of dinosaurs over these landscapes, is published online by Crystal et al. (2018).^[464]
A study on the rainfall seasonality and freshwater discharge on the Indian subcontinent in the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), based on data from specimens of the mollusc species Phygraea (Phygraea) vesicularis from the Kallankuruchchi Formation (India), is published by Ghosh et al. (2018).^[465]
Evidence of increased crustal production at mid-ocean ridges at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, indicative of magmatism triggered by Chicxulub impact, is presented by Byrnes & Karlstrom (2018).^[466]
A study on the oxygen isotopic composition of fish debris from the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary at El Kef (Tunisia), indicative of a greenhouse warming in the aftermath of the Chicxulub impact, is published by MacLeod et al. (2018).^[467]
A study on the environmental changes during the global warming following the brief impact winter at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, based on geochemical, micropaleontological and palynological data from Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary sections in Texas, Denmark and Spain, is published by Vellekoop et al. (2018).^[468]
A study on the Paleocene intermediate- and deep-water neodymium-isotope records from the North and South Atlantic Ocean, and on their implications for inferring the impact of changes in overturning circulation caused by the opening of the Atlantic Ocean on climate changes culminating in the greenhouse conditions of the Eocene, is published by Batenburg et al. (2018).^[469]
A study on the magnetofossil concentrations preserved within sediments corresponding to the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, as well as on the implications of magnetofossil abundance and morphology signatures for tracing palaeo-environmental conditions during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, is published by Chang et al. (2018).^[470]
A study on the impact of greenhouse gas forcing and orbital forcing on changes in the seasonal hydrological cycle during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (for regions where proxy data is available) is published by Kiehl et al. (2018).^[471]
A continuous Eocene equatorial sea surface temperature record is presented by Cramwinckel et al. (2018), who also construct a 26-million-year multi-proxy, multi-site stack of Eocene tropical climate evolution.^[472]
A study on the continental silicate weathering response to the inferred CO₂ rise and warming during the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum is published by van der Ploeg et al. (2018).^[473]
Su et al. (2018) use radiometrically dated plant fossil assemblages to quantify when southeastern Tibet achieved its present elevation, and what kind of floras existed there at that time.^[474]
Description of a plant megafossil assemblage from the Kailas Formation in western part of the southern Lhasa terrane, and a study on its implications for inferring the elevation history of the southern Tibetan Plateau, is published online by Ai et al. (2018).^[475]
A study on the relationship between the Rovno and Baltic amber deposits, based on stable carbon and hydrogen isotope analyses, is published by Mänd et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as indicative of distinct origin of Rovno and Baltic amber deposits.^[476]
A study aiming to establish an accurate and precise age model for the eruption of the Columbia River Basalt Group, and to use it to test the hypothesis that there is a temporal relationship between the eruption of the Columbia River Basalt Group and the mid-Miocene climate optimum, is published by Kasbohm & Schoene (2018).^[477]
A study on the age of the Ashfall Fossil Beds fossil site (Nebraska, United States) is published by Smith et al. (2018).^[478]
A study on the causes of changes of environmental conditions in the Paratethys Sea of Central Europe during the middle Miocene is published online by Simon et al. (2018).^[479]
A study on plant fossils spanning 14–4 million years ago from sites in Europe, Asia and East Africa, aiming to test the hypothesis of a single cohesive biome in the Miocene that extended from Mongolia to East Africa and at its peak covered much of the Old World, is published by Denk et al. (2018), who interpret data from plant fossil record as disproving the existence of a cohesive savannah biome from eastern Asia to northeast Africa, formerly inferred from mammal fossil record.^[480]
A study on changes in local climate and habitat conditions in central Spain in a period from 9.1 to 6.3 million years ago, and on the diet and ecology of large mammals from this area in this time period as indicated by tooth wear patterns, is published online by De Miguel, Azanza & Morales (2018).^[481]
Faith (2018) evaluates the aridity index, a widely used technique for reconstructing local paleoclimate and water deficits from oxygen isotope composition of fossil mammal teeth, arguing that in some taxa altered drinking behavior (influencing oxygen isotope composition of teeth) might have been caused by dietary change rather than water deficits.^[482]^[483]^[484]
A study evaluating when the island of Sulawesi (Indonesia) gained its modern shape and size, and determining the timings of diversification of the three largest endemic mammals on the island (the babirusa, the Celebes warty pig and the anoa) is published by Frantz et al. (2018).^[485]
A study on the Pliocene fish fossils from the Kanapoi site (Kenya) and their implications for reconstructing lake and river environments in the Kanapoi Formation is published online by Stewart & Rufolo (2018).^[486]
Evidence indicating that reduced nutrient upwelling in the Bering Sea and expansion of North Pacific Intermediate Water coincided with the Mid-Pleistocene Transition cooling is presented by Kender et al. (2018), who assess the potential links between cooling, sea ice expansion, closure of the Bering Strait, North Pacific Intermediate Water production, reduced high latitude CO₂ and nutrient upwelling, and development of the Mid-Pleistocene Transition.^[487]
Domínguez-Rodrigo & Baquedano (2018) evaluate the ability of successful machine learning methods to compare and distinguish various types of bone surface modifications (trampling marks, crocodile bite marks and cut marks made with stone tools) in archaeofaunal assemblages.^[488]
Description of new mammal and fish remains from the Olduvai Gorge site (Tanzania), comparing the mammal assemblage from this site to the present mammal community of Serengeti, and a study on their implications for reconstructing the paleoecology of this site at ~1.7–1.4 million years ago, is published by Bibi et al. (2018).^[489]
A study on the environment in the interior of the Arabian Peninsula in the Pleistocene, as indicated by data from stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of fossil mammal tooth enamel from the middle Pleistocene locality of Ti's al Ghadah (Saudi Arabia), is published by Roberts et al. (2018).^[490]
A study on the environmental dynamics before and after the onset of the early Middle Stone Age in the Olorgesailie Basin (Kenya) is published by Potts et al. (2018).^[491]
A study on the chronology of the Acheulean and early Middle Stone Age sedimentary deposits in the Olorgesailie Basin (Kenya) is published by Deino et al. (2018).^[492]
A study on the proxy evidence for environmental changes during past 116,000 years in lake sediment cores from the Chew Bahir basin, south Ethiopia (close to the key hominin site of Omo Kibish), and on its implications for inferring the environmental context for dispersal of anatomically modern humans from northeastern Africa, is published by Viehberg et al. (2018).^[493]
A study on the effects of the Toba supereruption in East Africa is published by Yost et al. (2018), who find no evidence of the eruption causing a volcanic winter in East Africa or a population bottleneck among African populations of anatomically modern humans.^[494]
A study on the environmental conditions in the area of present-day Basque Country (Spain) across the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition, based on stable isotope data from red deer and horse bones, is published by Jones et al. (2018).^[495]
The first reconstructions of terrestrial temperature and hydrologic changes in the south-central margin of the Bering land bridge from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present are presented by Wooller et al. (2018).^[496]
A study on the fossil-bound nitrogen isotope records from the Southern Ocean is published by Studer et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as indicative of an acceleration of nitrate supply to the Southern Ocean surface from underlying deep water during the Holocene, possibly contributing to the Holocene atmospheric CO₂ rise.^[497]
A study on the causes of replacement of mature rainforests by a forest–savannah mosaic in Western Central Africa between 3,000 y ago and 2,000 years ago, based on a continuous record of 10,500 years of vegetation and hydrological changes from Lake Barombi Mbo (Cameroon) inferred from changes in carbon and hydrogen isotope compositions of plant waxes, is published by Garcin et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that humans triggered the rainforest fragmentation 2,600 years ago.^[498]^[499]^[500]^[501]^[502]
A study on the vegetational and climatic changes since the last glacial period, based on data from 594 sites worldwide, and aiming to estimate the extent of future ecosystem changes under alternative scenarios of global warming, is published by Nolan et al. (2018).^[503]
A study on the changing ecology of woodland vegetation of southern mainland Greece during the late Pleistocene and the early-mid Holocene, and on the ecological context of the first introduction of crop domesticates in the southern Greek mainland, as indicated by data from carbonized fuel wood waste from the Franchthi Cave, is published by Asouti, Ntinou & Kabukcu (2018).^[504]
A large impact crater found beneath Hiawatha Glacier (Greenland), most likely formed during the Pleistocene, is reported by Kjær et al. (2018).^[505]

Paleoceanography

A study on the nitrogen isotope ratios, selenium abundances, and selenium isotope ratios from the ~2.66 billion years old Jeerinah Formation (Australia), providing evidence of transient surface ocean oxygenation ~260 million years before the Great Oxygenation Event, is published by Koehler et al. (2018).^[506]
A study on the ocean chemistry at the start of the Mesoproterozoic as indicated by rare earth element, iron-speciation and inorganic carbon isotope data from the 1,600–1,550 million years old Yanliao Basin, North China Craton is published by Zhang et al. (2018), who report evidence of a progressive oxygenation event starting at ≈1,570 million years ago, immediately prior to the occurrence of complex multicellular eukaryotes in shelf areas of the Yanliao Basin.^[507]
Evidence of euxinia occurring in the photic zone of the ocean in the Mesoproterozoic, based on measurements of mercury isotope compositions in late Mesoproterozoic (~1.1 billion years old) shales from the Atar Group and the El Mreiti Group (Tauodeni Basin, Mauritania), is presented by Zheng et al. (2018).^[508]
A study on abundant pyrite concretions from the topmost Nantuo Formation (China), deposited during the terminal Cryogenian Marinoan glaciation, is published by Lang et al. (2018), who interpret these concretions as evidence of a transient but widespread presence of marine euxinia in the aftermath of the Marinoan glaciation.^[509]
A study on wave ripples and tidal laminae in the Elatina Formation (Australia), interpreted as evidence of rapid sea level rise in the aftermath of the Marinoan glaciation, is published by Myrow, Lamb & Ewing (2018).^[510]
A study on the global ocean redox conditions at a time when the Ediacaran biota began to decline, based on analysis of uranium isotopes in carbonates from the Dengying Formation (China), is published by Zhang et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as indicative of an episode of extensive oceanic anoxia at the end of the Ediacaran.^[511]
New uranium isotope data from upper Ediacaran to lower Cambrian marine carbonate successions, indicative of short-lived episodes of widespread marine anoxia near the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition and during Cambrian Stage 2, is presented by Wei et al. (2018), who argue that the Cambrian explosion might have been triggered by marine redox fluctuations rather than progressive oxygenation.^[512]
New δ¹⁵N data from late Ediacaran to Cambrian strata from South China is presented by Wang et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that ocean redox dynamics were closely coupled with key evolutionary events during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition.^[513]
A study on the isotopic composition and surface temperatures of early Cambrian seas, based on stable oxygen isotope data from the small shelly fossils from the Comley limestones (United Kingdom), is published by Hearing et al. (2018).^[514]
High-resolution geochemical, sedimentological and biodiversity data from the Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstätte (Greenland is presented by Hammarlund et al. (2018), who aim to assess the chemical conditions in the shelf sea inhabited by the Sirius Passet fauna.^[515]
A study on the impact of the disruption of sediments caused by Fortunian bioturbation on the ocean chemistry, as indicated by data from the Chapel Island Formation (Canada), is published by Hantsoo et al. (2018).^[516]
A study on the timing of the Sauk transgression in the Grand Canyon region is published by Karlstrom et al. (2018).^[517]
A study on the oxygen isotope composition of seawater throughout the Phanerozoic is published by Ryb & Eiler (2018).^[518]
Jin, Zhan & Wu (2018) present paleontological, sedimentological, and geochemical data to test a hypothesis that a cold surface current became established by the late Middle Ordovician in the equatorial peri-Gondwana oceans, similar to the eastern equatorial Pacific cold tongue today.^[519]
Evidence from uranium isotopes from Upper Ordovician–lower Silurian marine limestones of Anticosti Island (Canada), indicative of an abrupt global-ocean anoxic event coincident with the Late Ordovician mass extinction, is presented by Bartlett et al. (2018).^[520]
A study on the ocean redox conditions and climate change across a Late Ordovician to Early Silurian on the Yangtze Shelf Sea (China) and their implications for inferring the causes of the Late Ordovician mass extinction is published by Zou et al. (2018).^[521]
Evidence of multiple episodes of oceanic anoxia in the Early Triassic, based on U-isotope data from carbonates of the uppermost Permian to lowermost Middle Triassic Zal section (Iran), is presented by Zhang et al. (2018).^[522]
A study on changes in global bottom water oxygen contents over the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, based on thallium isotope records from two ocean basins, is published by Them et al. (2018), who report evidence of global marine deoxygenation of ocean water some 600,000 years before the classically defined Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event.^[523]
A study on the palaeoenvironmental conditions of the seas at high latitudes (60°) of southern South America during the Early Cretaceous is published online by Gómez Dacal et al. (2018).^[524]
A study evaluating the utility of oxygen-isotope compositions of fossilised foraminifera tests as proxies for surface- and deep-ocean paleotemperatures, and its implications for inferring Late Cretaceous and Paleogene deep-ocean and high-latitude surface-ocean temperatures, published by Bernard et al. (2017)^[525] is criticized by Evans et al. (2018).^[526]^[527]
Evidence from sulfur-isotope data indicative of a large-scale ocean deoxygenation during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum is presented by Yao, Paytan & Wortmann (2018).^[528]
Nitrogen isotope data from deposits from the northeast margin of the Tethys Ocean, spanning the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, is presented by Junium, Dickson & Uveges (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that dramatic change in the nitrogen cycle occurred during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum.^[529]
A study aiming to evaluate the global extent of surface ocean acidification during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum is published by Babila et al. (2018).^[530]
A study on the tropical sea-surface temperatures in the Eocene is published by Evans et al. (2018).^[531]
A 25-million-year-long alkenone-based record of surface temperature change in the Paleogene from the North Atlantic Ocean is presented by Liu et al. (2018).^[532]
A study on the likely magnitude of the sea-level drawdown during the Messinian salinity crisis, based on the analysis of the late Neogene faunas of the Balearic Islands, is published by Mas et al. (2018).^[533]
An extensive, buried sedimentary body deposited by the passage of a megaflood from the western to the eastern Mediterranean Sea in the Pliocene (Zanclean), at the end of the Messinian salinity crisis, is identified in the western Ionian Basin by Micallef et al. (2018).^[534]
A study on the impact of major, abrupt environmental changes over the past 30,000 years on the Great Barrier Reef is published by Webster et al. (2018).^[535]
Evidence of sea level drop relative to the modern level at the shelf edge of the Great Barrier Reef between 21,900 and 20,500 years ago, followed by period of sea level rise lasting around 4,000 years, is presented by Yokoyama et al. (2018).^[536]

Paleoclimatology

A study on the geologic record of Milankovitch climate cycles, extending their analysis into the Proterozoic and aiming to reconstruct the history of solar system characteristics, is published by Meyers & Malinverno (2018).^[537]
A study on the effect of different forms of primitive photosynthesis on Earth's early atmospheric chemistry and climate is published by Ozaki et al. (2018).^[538]
A quantitative estimate of Paleoproterozoic atmospheric oxygen levels is presented by Bellefroid et al. (2018).^[539]
A study on the timing of the onset of the Sturtian glaciation, based on new stratigraphic and geochronological data from the upper Tambien Group (Ethiopia), is published by Scott MacLennan et al. (2018).^[540]
A study on changes in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide throughout the Phanerozoic, as indicated by data from a product of chlorophyll – phytane from marine sediments and oils, is published by Witkowski et al. (2018).^[541]
A revised model and a new high-resolution reconstruction of the oxygenation of the Paleozoic atmosphere is presented by Krause et al. (2018).^[542]
A study on the Early Ordovician climate, as indicated by new high-resolution phosphate oxygen isotope record of conodont assemblages from the Lange Ranch section of central Texas, is published by Quinton et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as consistent with very warm temperatures during the Early Ordovician.^[543]
A study on the climate changes during the period of the Late Devonian extinction (and possibly causing it), inferred from a high-resolution oxygen isotope record based on conodont apatite from the Frasnian–Famennian transition in South China, is published by Huang, Joachimski & Gong (2018).^[544]
A study on the atmospheric oxygen levels through the Phanerozoic, evaluating whether Romer's gap and the concurrent gap in the fossil record of insects were caused by low oxygen levels, is published by Schachat et al. (2018).^[545]
A study on the impact of sulfur and carbon outgassing from the Siberian Traps flood basalt magmatism on the climate changes at the end of the Permian is published by Black et al. (2018).^[546]
A study on the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration levels in the Early Cretaceous based on data from specimens of the fossil conifer species Pseudofrenelopsis papillosa is published by Jing & Bainian (2018).^[547]
A study on the terrestrial climate in northern China at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, indicating the occurrence of a warming caused by the onset of Deccan Traps volcanism and the occurrence of extinctions prior to the Chicxulub impact, is published by Zhang et al. (2018).^[548]
A study on the sources of secondary CO₂ inputs after the initial rapid onset of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, contributing to the prolongation of this event, is published online by Lyons et al. (2018).^[549]
Estimates of mean annual terrestrial temperatures in the mid-latitudes during the early Paleogene are presented by Naafs et al. (2018).^[550]
A study on the early stages of development of Asian inland aridity and its underlying mechanisms, based on data from red clay sequence from the Cenozoic Xorkol Basin (Altyn-Tagh, northeastern Tibetan Plateau), is published by Li et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that enhanced Eocene Asian inland aridity was mainly driven by global palaeoclimatic changes rather than being a direct response to the plateau uplift.^[551]
New mid-latitude terrestrial climate proxy record for southeastern Australia from the middle Eocene to the middle Miocene, indicative of a widespread cooling in the Gippsland Basin beginning in the middle Eocene, is presented by Korasidis et al. (2018).^[552]
A study on CO₂ concentrations during the early Miocene, as indicated by stomatal characteristics of fossil leaves from a late early Miocene assemblage from Panama and a leaf gas-exchange model, is published by Londoño et al. (2018).^[553]
A study on the climate in the areas of the Iberian Peninsula inhabited by hominins during the Early Pleistocene, as indicated by data from macroflora and pollen assemblages, is published online by Altolaguirre et al. (2018).^[554]
A study on the hydrological changes in the Limpopo River catchment and in sea surface temperature in the southwestern Indian Ocean for the past 2.14 million years, and on their implications for inferring the palaeoclimatic changes in southeastern Africa in this time period and their possible impact on the evolution of early hominins, is published by Caley et al. (2018).^[555]
A study evaluating whether changes of vegetation and diet of East African herbivorous mammals were linked to climatic fluctuations 1.7 million years ago, based on data from mammal teeth from the Olduvai Gorge site, as well as evaluating whether crocodile teeth from this site may be used as paleoclimatic indicators, is published by Ascari et al. (2018).^[556]
Evidence for progressive aridification in East Africa since about 575,000 years before present, based on data from sediments from Lake Magadi (Kenya), is presented by Owen et al. (2018), who also evaluate the influence of the increasing Middle- to Late-Pleistocene aridification and environmental variability on the physical and cultural evolution of Homo sapiens in East Africa.^[557]
A study on the climatic changes in the Lake Tana area in the last 150,000 years and their implications for early modern human dispersal out of Africa is published by Lamb et al. (2018).^[558]
A high-resolution palaeoclimate reconstruction for the Eemian from northern Finland, based on pollen and plant macrofossil record, is presented by Salonen et al. (2018).^[559]
A study on the extent and nature of millennial/centennial-scale climate instability during the Last Interglacial (129–116 thousand years ago), as indicated by data from joint pollen and ocean proxy analyses in a deep-sea core on the Portuguese Margin (Atlantic Ocean) and speleothem record from Antro del Corchia cave system (Italy), is published by Tzedakis et al. (2018).^[560]
A study on the timing and duration of periods of climate deterioration in the interior of the Iberian Peninsula in the late Pleistocene, evaluating the impact of climate on the abandonment of inner Iberian territories by Neanderthals 42,000 years ago, is published by Wolf et al. (2018).^[561]
A study on the climate changes in Europe during the Middle–Upper Paleolithic transition (based on speleothem records from the Ascunsă Cave and from the Tăușoare Cave, Romania), and on their implications for the replacement of Neanderthals by modern humans in Europe, is published by Fernández et al. (2018).^[562]
A study on the timing of the latest Pleistocene glaciation in southeastern Alaska and its implication for inferring the route and timing of early human migration to the Americas is published by Lesnek et al. (2018).^[563]
Quantitative estimates of climate in western North America over the past 50,000 years, based on data from plant community composition of more than 600 individual paleomiddens, are presented by Harbert & Nixon (2018).^[564]
A study assessing the similarity of future projected climate states to the climate during the Early Eocene, the Mid-Pliocene, the Last Interglacial (129–116 ka), the Mid-Holocene (6 ka), preindustrial (c. 1850 CE), and the 20th century is published by Burke et al. (2018).^[565]

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[213] Pei-Yun Cong; Thomas H. P. Harvey; Mark Williams; David J. Siveter; Derek J. Siveter; Sarah E. Gabbott; Yu-Jing Li; Fan Wei; Xian-Guang Hou (2018). "Naked chancelloriids from the lower Cambrian of China show evidence for sponge-type growth". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 285 (1881): 20180296. doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.0296. PMC 6030521. PMID 29925613.

[JPChancelloriidsZhaoetal-214] Jun Zhao; Guo-Biao Li; Paul A. Selden (2018). "New well-preserved scleritomes of Chancelloriida from early Cambrian Guanshan Biota, eastern Yunnan, China". Journal of Paleontology. 92 (6): 955–971. Bibcode:2018JPal...92..955Z. doi:10.1017/jpa.2018.43. S2CID 119066659.

[215] Juan Luis Suárez Andrés; Patrick N. Wyse Jackson (2018). "First report of a Palaeozoic fenestrate bryozoan with an articulated growth habit". Journal of Iberian Geology. 44 (2): 273–283. Bibcode:2018JIbG...44..273S. doi:10.1007/s41513-018-0054-6. S2CID 189934400.

[JPAspidostomatidae-216] Leandro M. Pérez; Juan López-Gappa; Miguel Griffin (2018). "Taxonomic status of some species of Aspidostomatidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the Oligocene and Miocene of Patagonia (Argentina)". Journal of Paleontology. 92 (3): 432–441. Bibcode:2018JPal...92..432P. doi:10.1017/jpa.2017.143. hdl:11336/94085. S2CID 134620001.

[217] Yunhuan Liu; Qi Wang; Tiequan Shao; Huaqiao Zhang; Jiachen Qin; Li Chen; Yongchun Liang; Cheng Chen; Jiaqi Xue; Xiaowen Liu (2018). "New material of three-dimensionally phosphatized and microscopic cycloneuralians from the Cambrian Paibian Stage of South China". Journal of Paleontology. 92 (1): 87–98. Bibcode:2018JPal...92...87L. doi:10.1017/jpa.2017.40. S2CID 134706282.

[218] Paul D. Taylor; Soledad Brezina (2018). "A new Cenozoic cyclostome bryozoan genus from Argentina and New Zealand: strengthening the biogeographical links between South America and Australasia". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 42 (3): 441–446. Bibcode:2018Alch...42..441T. doi:10.1080/03115518.2018.1432073. S2CID 133874253.

[219] Michael Wachtler; Chiara Ghidoni (2018). "A fossil polychaete worm from the Illyrian of the Dolomites (Northern Italy)". In Thomas Perner; Michael Wachtler (eds.). Some new and exciting Triassic Archosauria from the Dolomites (Northern Italy). pp. 17–22.

[220] Alfons H.M. VandenBerg (2018). "Fragmentation as a novel propagation strategy in an Early Ordovician graptolite". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 42 (1): 1–9. Bibcode:2018Alch...42....1V. doi:10.1080/03115518.2017.1395074. S2CID 133787895.

[221] José Antonio Gámez Vintaned; Eladio Liñán; David Navarro; Andrey Yu. Zhuravlev (2018). "The oldest Cambrian skeletal fossils of Spain (Cadenas Ibéricas, Aragón)". Geological Magazine. 155 (7): 1465–1474. Bibcode:2018GeoM..155.1465G. doi:10.1017/S0016756817000358. S2CID 134018462.

[222] E.N. Malysheva (2018). "A new sphinctozoan species (Porifera), Colospongia lenis sp. nov., from the Upper Permian reefs of southern Primorye". Paleontological Journal. 52 (3): 231–233. Bibcode:2018PalJ...52..231M. doi:10.1134/S0031030118030085. S2CID 90545525.

[223] Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Marco; Olev Vinn (2018). "Cornulitids (tubeworms) from the Late Ordovician Hirnantia fauna of Morocco". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 137: 61–68. Bibcode:2018JAfES.137...61G. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.10.005.

[224] Haijing Sun; John M. Malinky; Maoyan Zhu; Diying Huang (2018). "Palaeobiology of orthothecide hyoliths from the Cambrian Manto Formation of Hebei Province, North China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 63 (1): 87–101. doi:10.4202/app.00413.2017. S2CID 56473799.

[225] Andrej Ernst; Karl Krainer; Spencer G. Lucas (2018). "Bryozoan fauna of the Lake Valley Formation (Mississippian), New Mexico". Journal of Paleontology. 92 (4): 577–595. Bibcode:2018JPal...92..577E. doi:10.1017/jpa.2017.146. S2CID 135266996.

[Sullulika-226] John S. Peel; Sebastian Willman (2018). "The Buen Formation (Cambrian Series 2) biota of North Greenland". Papers in Palaeontology. 4 (3): 381–432. Bibcode:2018PPal....4..381P. doi:10.1002/spp2.1112. S2CID 134539597.

[227] Petr Štorch; Michael J. Melchin (2018). "Lower Aeronian triangulate monograptids of the genus Demirastrites Eisel, 1912: biostratigraphy, palaeobiogeography, anagenetic changes and speciation". Bulletin of Geosciences. 93 (4): 513–537. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1731. S2CID 73575630.

[JSPPerejonetal-228] A. Perejón; M. Rodríguez-Martínez; E. Moreno-Eiris; S. Menéndez; J. Reitner (2018). "First microbial-archaeocyathan boundstone record from early Cambrian erratic cobbles in glacial diamictite deposits of Namibia (Dwyka Group, Carboniferous)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (11): 881–910. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1481151. S2CID 92032464.

[229] Alfons H.M. Vandenberg (2018). "Didymograptellus kremastus n. sp., a new name for the Chewtonian (mid-Floian, Lower Ordovician) graptolite D. protobifidus sensu Benson & Keble, 1935, non Elles, 1933". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 42 (2): 258–267. Bibcode:2018Alch...42..258V. doi:10.1080/03115518.2017.1398347. S2CID 134425523.

[Fehiborypora-230] Emanuela Di Martino; Silviu O. Martha; Paul D. Taylor (2018). "The Madagascan Maastrichtian bryozoans of Ferdinand Canu – Systematic revision and scanning electron microscopic study". Annales de Paléontologie. 104 (2): 101–128. Bibcode:2018AnPal.104..101D. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2018.04.001.

[Gibbavasis-231] Seyed Hamid Vaziri; Mahmoud Reza Majidifard; Marc Laflamme (2018). "Diverse assemblage of Ediacaran fossils from central Iran". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): Article number 5060. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.5060V. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23442-y. PMC 5864923. PMID 29567986.

[PETentaculitoidea-232] Jeanninny Carla Comniskey; Renato Pirani Ghilardi (2018). "Devonian Tentaculitoidea of the Malvinokaffric Realm of Brazil, Paraná Basin". Palaeontologia Electronica. 21 (2): Article number 21.2.21A. doi:10.26879/712.

[Kenocharixa-233] Matthew H. Dick; Chika Sakamoto; Toshifumi Komatsu (2018). "Cheilostome Bryozoa from the Upper Cretaceous Himenoura Group, Kyushu, Japan". Paleontological Research. 22 (3): 239–264. doi:10.2517/2017PR022. S2CID 134160944.

[Khmeriamorpha-234] Jobst Wendt (2018). "The first tunicate with a calcareous exoskeleton (Upper Triassic, northern Italy)". Palaeontology. 61 (4): 575–595. Bibcode:2018Palgy..61..575W. doi:10.1111/pala.12356. S2CID 135456629.

[235] Karma Nanglu; Jean-Bernard Caron (2018). "A new Burgess Shale polychaete and the origin of the annelid head revisited". Current Biology. 28 (2): 319–326.e1. Bibcode:2018CBio...28E.319N. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.12.019. PMID 29374441. S2CID 2553089.

[236] Jin Guo; Stephen Pates; Peiyun Cong; Allison C. Daley; Gregory D. Edgecombe; Taimin Chen; Xianguang Hou (2018). "A new radiodont (stem Euarthropoda) frontal appendage with a mosaic of characters from the Cambrian (Series 2 Stage 3) Chengjiang biota". Papers in Palaeontology. 5 (1): 99–110. doi:10.1002/spp2.1231. S2CID 134909330. Archived from the original on 2020-10-02. Retrieved 2020-08-24.

[237] Stephen Pates; Allison C. Daley (2019). "The Kinzers Formation (Pennsylvania, USA): the most diverse assemblage of Cambrian Stage 4 radiodonts". Geological Magazine. 156 (7): 1233–1246. Bibcode:2019GeoM..156.1233P. doi:10.1017/S0016756818000547. S2CID 134299859.

[238] Qiang Ou; Georg Mayer (2018). "A Cambrian unarmoured lobopodian, †Lenisambulatrix humboldti gen. et sp. nov., compared with new material of †Diania cactiformis". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): Article number 13667. Bibcode:2018NatSR...813667O. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31499-y. PMC 6147921. PMID 30237414.

[GQ623-239] Urszula Hara; Thomas Mörs; Jonas Hagström; Marcelo A. Reguero (2018). "Eocene bryozoan assemblages from the La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island, Antarctica". Geological Quarterly. 62 (3): 705–728. doi:10.7306/gq.1432 (inactive 2024-10-21). S2CID 133717118.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of October 2024 (link)

[240] Joseph P. Botting; Yuandong Zhang; Lucy A. Muir (2018). "A candidate stem-group rossellid (Porifera, Hexactinellida) from the latest Ordovician Anji Biota, China". Bulletin of Geosciences. 93 (3): 275–285. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1706. S2CID 133988966.

[QIdidemnid-241] Enis Kemal Sagular; Zeki Ünal Yümün; Engin Meriç (2018). "New didemnid ascidian spicule records calibrated to the nannofossil data chronostratigraphically in the Quaternary marine deposits of Lake İznik (NW Turkey) and their paleoenvironmental interpretations". Quaternary International. 486: 143–155. Bibcode:2018QuInt.486..143S. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2017.08.060. S2CID 133996845.

[242] Marcelo G. Carrera; Juan Jose Rustán; N. Emilio Vaccari; Miguel Ezpeleta (2018). "A new Mississippian hexactinellid sponge from the western Gondwana: Taxonomic and paleobiogeographic implications". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 63 (1): 63–70. doi:10.4202/app.00403.2017. hdl:11336/88317.

[243] Z. A. Tolokonnikova; E. S. Ponomarenko (2018). "The first data on bryozoans from the Lyaiol Formation (Upper Devonian, Upper Frasnian) in South Timan". Paleontological Journal. 52 (6): 593–598. Bibcode:2018PalJ...52..593T. doi:10.1134/S0031030118060114. S2CID 91826922.

[244] Ján Schlögl; Tomáš Kočí; Manfred Jäger; Tomasz Segit; Jan Sklenář; Driss Sadki; Mounsif Ibnoussina; Adam Tomašových (2018). "Tempestitic shell beds formed by a new serpulid polychaete from the Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) of the Central High Atlas (Morocco)". PalZ. 92 (2): 219–240. Bibcode:2018PalZ...92..219S. doi:10.1007/s12542-017-0381-5. S2CID 133913555.

[245] Lucy A. Muir; Joseph P. Botting; Steven N. A. Walker; James D. Schiffbauer; Breandán Anraoi MacGabhann (2018). "Onuphionella corusca sp. nov.: an early Cambrian-type agglutinated tube from Upper Ordovician strata of Morocco". In A. W. Hunter; J. J. Álvaro; B. Lefebvre; P. van Roy; S. Zamora (eds.). The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event: Insights from the Tafilalt Biota, Morocco. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. Vol. 485. The Geological Society of London. pp. 297–309. doi:10.1144/SP485.7. S2CID 220277313.

[246] Haijing Sun; Martin R. Smith; Han Zeng; Fangchen Zhao; Guoxiang Li; Maoyan Zhu (2018). "Hyoliths with pedicles illuminate the origin of the brachiopod body plan". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 285 (1887): 20181780. doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.1780. PMC 6170810. PMID 30257914.

[247] Juan López-Gappa; Leandro Martín Pérez; Miguel Griffin (2018). "First fossil occurrence of the genus Platychelyna Hayward and Thorpe (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata)". Ameghiniana. 55 (5): 607–613. doi:10.5710/AMGH.11.06.2018.3188. hdl:11336/93942. S2CID 133686687.

[Retiranus-248] Ben J. Slater; Thomas H. P. Harvey; Nicholas J. Butterfield (2018). "Small carbonaceous fossils (SCFs) from the Terreneuvian (lower Cambrian) of Baltica". Palaeontology. 61 (3): 417–439. Bibcode:2018Palgy..61..417S. doi:10.1111/pala.12350. hdl:2381/41261. S2CID 55788255.

[Qinscolex-249] Yunhuan Liu; Jiachen Qin; Qi Wang; Andreas Maas; Baichuan Duan; Yanan Zhang; Hu Zhang; Tiequan Shao; Huaqiao Zhang (2018). "New armoured scalidophorans (Ecdysozoa, Cycloneuralia) from the Cambrian Fortunian Zhangjiagou Lagerstätte, South China". Papers in Palaeontology. 5 (2): 241–260. doi:10.1002/spp2.1239. S2CID 196672360.

[250] Pei-Yun Cong; Gregory D. Edgecombe; Allison C. Daley; Jin Guo; Stephen Pates; Xian-Guang Hou (2018). "New radiodonts with gnathobase-like structures from the Cambrian Chengjiang biota and implications for the systematics of Radiodonta". Papers in Palaeontology. 4 (4): 605–621. Bibcode:2018PPal....4..605C. doi:10.1002/spp2.1219. S2CID 90258934.

[251] L. A. Viskova; A. V. Pakhnevich (2018). "Bryozoa (Stenolaemata) from the upper Callovian (Middle Jurassic) of the Moscow Region". Paleontological Journal. 52 (6): 599–609. Bibcode:2018PalJ...52..599V. doi:10.1134/S0031030118060126. S2CID 195302239.

[EJT490-252] Anna V. Koromyslova; Paul D. Taylor; Silviu O. Martha; Matthew Riley (2018). "Rhagasostoma (Bryozoa) from the Late Cretaceous of Eurasia: taxonomic revision, stratigraphy and palaeobiogeography". European Journal of Taxonomy (490): 1–66. doi:10.5852/ejt.2018.490. S2CID 134102826.

[253] Yong Yi Zhen (2018). "Conodonts, corals and stromatoporoids from Late Ordovician and latest Silurian allochthonous limestones in the Cuga Burga Volcanics of central western New South Wales". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 140: 265–294.

[Seqineqia-254] John S. Peel (2018). "Sponge spicules from the Holm Dal Formation (Cambrian Series 3, Guzhangian) of North Greenland (Laurentia)". GFF. 140 (4): 306–317. Bibcode:2018GFF...140..306P. doi:10.1080/11035897.2018.1479444. S2CID 135037720.

[APPSanfilippoetal-255] Rossana Sanfilippo; Antonietta Rosso; Agatino Reitano; Viola Alfio; Gianni Insacco (2018). "New serpulid polychaetes from the Permian of western Sicily". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 63 (3): 579–584. doi:10.4202/app.00448.2017. S2CID 54871456.

[256] Yuning Yang; Xingliang Zhang; Yuanlong Zhao; Yiru Qi; Linhao Cui (2018). "New paleoscolecid worms from the early Cambrian north margin of the Yangtze Platform, South China". Journal of Paleontology. 92 (1): 49–58. Bibcode:2018JPal...92...49Y. doi:10.1017/jpa.2017.50. S2CID 134657064.

[257] Paul D. Taylor; Emanuela Di Martino (2018). "Sonarina tamilensis n. gen., n. sp., an unusual cheilostome bryozoan from the Late Cretaceous of southern India". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 288 (1): 79–85. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2018/0724.

[258] Jean-Bernard Caron; Robert R. Gaines; M. Gabriela Mángano; Michael Streng; Allison C. Daley (2010). "A new Burgess Shale–type assemblage from the "thin" Stephen Formation of the southern Canadian Rockies". Geology. 38 (9): 811–814. Bibcode:2010Geo....38..811C. doi:10.1130/G31080.1. Archived from the original on 2023-12-07. Retrieved 2019-12-05.

[259] John S. Peel (2019). "Tarimspira from the Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 4) of Laurentia (Greenland): extending the skeletal record of paraconodontid vertebrates". Journal of Paleontology. 93 (1): 115–125. Bibcode:2019JPal...93..115P. doi:10.1017/jpa.2018.68. S2CID 134345229.

[260] Derek J. Siveter; Derek E. G. Briggs; David J. Siveter; Mark D. Sutton; David Legg (2018). "A three-dimensionally preserved lobopodian from the Herefordshire (Silurian) Lagerstätte, UK". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (8): 172101. doi:10.1098/rsos.172101. PMC 6124121. PMID 30224988.

[261] Shimei Pan; Qinglai Feng; Shan Chang (2018). "Small shelly fossils from the Cambrian Terreneuvian Yanjiahe Formation, Yichang, Hubei Province, China". Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica. 35 (1): 30–40. Archived from the original on 2018-04-27. Retrieved 2018-04-26.

[262] Orabi H. Orabi; Mahmoud Faris; Nageh A. Obaidalla; Amr S. Zaki (2018). "Impacts of ocean acidification on planktonic foraminifera: a case study from the Cretaceous Paleocene transition at the Farafra Oasis, Egypt". Revue de Paléobiologie, Genève. 37 (1): 29–40.

[263] Ignacio Arenillas; José A. Arz; Vicente Gilabert (2018). "Blooms of aberrant planktic foraminifera across the K/Pg boundary in the Western Tethys: causes and evolutionary implications". Paleobiology. 44 (3): 460–489. Bibcode:2018Pbio...44..460A. doi:10.1017/pab.2018.16. S2CID 73621620.

[264] Daniela N. Schmidt; Ellen Thomas; Elisabeth Authier; David Saunders; Andy Ridgwell (2018). "Strategies in times of crisis—insights into the benthic foraminiferal record of the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 376 (2130): 20170328. Bibcode:2018RSPTA.37670328S. doi:10.1098/rsta.2017.0328. PMC 6127389. PMID 30177568.

[265] Gabriela J. Arreguín-Rodríguez; Ellen Thomas; Simon D'haenens; Robert P. Speijer; Laia Alegret (2018). "Early Eocene deep-sea benthic foraminiferal faunas: Recovery from the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum extinction in a greenhouse world". PLOS ONE. 13 (2): e0193167. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1393167A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193167. PMC 5825042. PMID 29474429.

[266] Anieke Brombacher; Paul A. Wilson; Ian Bailey; Thomas H. G. Ezard (2018). "Temperature is a poor proxy for synergistic climate forcing of plankton evolution". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 285 (1883): 20180665. doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.0665. PMC 6083249. PMID 30051846.

[JMP3711-267] Lyndsey R. Fox; Stephen Stukins; Tom Hill; Haydon Bailey (2018). "New species of Cenozoic benthic foraminifera from the former British Petroleum micropalaeontology collection". Journal of Micropalaeontology. 37 (1): 11–16. Bibcode:2018JMicP..37...11F. doi:10.5194/jm-37-11-2018. hdl:10141/622325. S2CID 226953798.

[268] Dario Marcello Soldan; Maria Rose Petrizzo; Isabella Premoli Silva (2018). "Alicantina, a new Eocene planktonic foraminiferal genus for the lozanoi group". Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 48 (1): 41–52. Bibcode:2018JForR..48...41S. doi:10.2113/gsjfr.48.1.41.

[Hjalmarsdottiretal-269] Hanna Rosa Hjalmarsdottir; Hans Arne Nakrem; Jeno Nagy (2018). "Environmental significance and taxonomy of well preserved foraminifera from Upper Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep carbonates, central Spitsbergen". Micropaleontology. 64 (5–6): 435–480. Bibcode:2018MiPal..64..435H. doi:10.47894/mpal.64.6.09. hdl:10852/71300. S2CID 217317484. Archived from the original on 2019-01-13. Retrieved 2019-01-12.

[270] Michael A. Kaminski; Muhammad Hammad Malik; Eiichi Setoyama (2018). "The occurrence of a shallow-water Ammobaculoides assemblage in the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) Dhruma Formation of Central Saudi Arabia". Journal of Micropalaeontology. 37 (1): 149–152. Bibcode:2018JMicP..37..149K. doi:10.5194/jm-37-149-2018.

[Paralachlanella-271] Fred Rögl; Antonino Briguglio (2018). "The foraminiferal fauna of the Channa Kodi section at Padappakkara, Kerala, India". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 312 (1–4): 47–101. Bibcode:2018PalAA.312...47B. doi:10.1127/pala/2018/0082. S2CID 133856056.

[ChiloguembelinaJenkinsina-272] Vlasta Premec Fucek; Morana Hernitz Kucenjak; Brian T. Huber (2018). "Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene Chiloguembelina and Jenkinsina". In Bridget S. Wade; Richard K. Olsson; Paul N. Pearson; Brian T. Huber; William A. Berggren (eds.). Atlas of Oligocene planktonic foraminifera. The Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research. pp. 459–480.

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[274] Nicoletta Mancin; Michael A. Kaminski (2018). "Colominella piriniae n. sp.: a new textulariid from the Pliocene Mediterranean record". Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 48 (2): 172–180. Bibcode:2018JForR..48..172M. doi:10.2113/gsjfr.48.2.172.

[275] Satoshi Hanagata (2018). "Cyclammina saidovae, a new name for Cyclammina pseudopusilla Hanagata 2003 (preoccupied)". Micropaleontology. 64 (5–6): 416. Bibcode:2018MiPal..64..416H. doi:10.47894/mpal.64.6.07. S2CID 248221192. Archived from the original on 2019-01-13. Retrieved 2019-01-12.

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[277] Michael T. Read; Merlynd K. Nestell (2018). "Douglassites, a new genus of schubertellid fusulinid from the Virgilian (Upper Pennsylvanian) of Elko County, Nevada, U.S.A." Micropaleontology. 64 (4): 317–327. Bibcode:2018MiPal..64..317R. doi:10.47894/mpal.64.4.05. S2CID 248313180. Archived from the original on 2018-11-18. Retrieved 2018-11-18.

[278] Lorenzo Consorti; Koorosh Rashidi (2018). "A new evidence of passing the Maastichtian–Paleocene boundary by larger benthic foraminifers: The case of Elazigina from the Maastrichtian Tarbur Formation of Iran". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 63 (3): 595–605. doi:10.4202/app.00487.2018. S2CID 55450851.

[Quityella-279] Silvia Spezzaferri; Helen K. Coxall; Richard K. Olsson; Christoph Hemleben (2018). "Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene Globigerina, Globigerinella, and Quityella n. gen.". In Bridget S. Wade; Richard K. Olsson; Paul N. Pearson; Brian T. Huber; William A. Berggren (eds.). Atlas of Oligocene planktonic foraminifera. The Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research. pp. 179–214.

[GlobigerinoidesTrilobatus-280] Silvia Spezzaferri; Richard K. Olsson; Christoph Hemleben (2018). "Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene to Lower Miocene Globigerinoides and Trilobatus". In Bridget S. Wade; Richard K. Olsson; Paul N. Pearson; Brian T. Huber; William A. Berggren (eds.). Atlas of Oligocene planktonic foraminifera. The Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research. pp. 269–306.

[281] Martin P. Crundwell (2018). "Globoconella pseudospinosa, n. sp.: a new Early Pliocene planktonic foraminifera from the southwest Pacific". Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 48 (4): 288–300. Bibcode:2018JForR..48..288C. doi:10.2113/gsjfr.48.4.288. S2CID 135020562.

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