Líderes estatales en 1889 Esta es una lista de líderes estatales del siglo XIX (1851-1900) d. C., a excepción de los líderes del sur de Asia británico y sus estados predecesores , y aquellos líderes del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico.
Estas entidades políticas son, por lo general, estados soberanos , pero excluyen a los territorios dependientes menores , cuyos líderes pueden encontrarse enumerados bajo los gobernadores territoriales en el siglo XIX . Para completar, estas listas pueden incluir colonias , protectorados u otros territorios dependientes que desde entonces han obtenido soberanía.
África
África: Central Angola
Kambolo ka Ngonga, rey (1851-1856) Kamweje ka Kalunga, rey (1856-1857) Mbumba a Kinguri, rey (1857–1873) Malenge a Kitumba, rey (1873) Kwango, rey (1883-1885) Kasanje ka Kalanyi, rey (1888) Kinguri kya Kiluanje, rey (1896) Vasallo de Portugal : 1888-1914 Colonia, 1575–1951 Para más detalles, véase el Reino de Portugal en el Sudoeste de Europa. Camerún
Acirimbi I, rey (1799-1852) Abumbi I, rey (1852-1916) Ngouhouo, Mfon (1818-1865) Ngoungoure, Mfon (1865) Nsangou, Mfon (1865-1884) Doo a Priso, Jefe (siglo XIX) Mbape a Bele, jefe (siglo XIX) Colonia alemana, 1884-1916 Para más detalles véase el Imperio alemán en Europa central. República Centroafricana
Chad
'Abdul Qadir II al-Mahdi, Mbangi (1846–1858) Abu-Sekkin Mohammed IV, Mbangi (1858–1870) 'Abd ar-Rahman II, Mbangi (1870–1871) Abu-Sekkin Mohammed IV, Mbangi (1871–1884) Burkomanda IV as-Saghir, Mbangi (1884-1885) Ngarmane Ermanala, regente (1885) Gaourang II , Mbangi (1885–1897)'Izz ad-Din Muhammad al-Sharif ibn Salih Derret, Kolak (1835–1858) 'Ali ibn Muhammad, Kolak (1858–1874) Yusuf ibn 'Ali, Kolak (1874–1898) Ibrahim ibn 'Ali, Kolak (1898-1900) Ahmad Abu al-Ghazali ibn 'Ali, Kolak (1900-1901) Gobierno de Rabih az-Zubayr Colonia, 1900-1960 Para más detalles, véase Francia en Europa occidental. Congo: belga; hoy, República Democrática del Congo
Bope Mobinji, Nyim (1840–1885) Mikope Mobinji, Nyim (1885–1890) Koto Mboke, Nyim (1890-1896) Mishanga Pelenge, Nyim (1896-1900) Ilunga Kabale, muLopwe (1837–1864) Maloba Konkola, muLopwe (1864–1865) Kitamba, muLopwe (1865–1869) Kasongo a Kalombo, muLopwe (1869–1886) Nday a Mande, muLopwe (1886–1889) Nawej II Ditend, Mwaant Yaav (c.1800-1852) Mulaj a Namwan, Mwaant Yaav (1852–1857) Cakasekene Naweej, Mwaant Yaav (1857) Muteba II y Cikombe, Mwaant Yaav (1857–1873) Mbala II a Kamong Isot, Mwaant Yaav (1873–1874) Mbumb I Muteba Kat, Mwaant Yaav (1874–1883) Cimbindu a Kasang, Mwaant Yaav (1883–1884) Kangapu Nawej, Mwaant Yaav (1884–1885) Mudib, Mwaant Yaav (1885–1886) Mutand Mukaz, Mwaant Yaav (1886–1887) Mbala III en Kalong, Mwaant Yaav (1887) Congo: francés; hoy, República del Congo
Illoy Ier [fr] , Makoko (? –c.1880) N'Gangue M'voumbe Makosso Ma N'Sangou, Rey (1840-c.1883) Colonia, 1882-1910 Para más detalles, véase Francia en Europa occidental. Guinea Ecuatorial
Colonia, 1778-1968 Para más detalles véase España en el suroeste de Europa. Gabón
Ombango Rogombe "Ikinda" / Rey Pascal, Agamwinboni (1840–1862) Ndebulia, Agamwinboni (1862–1865) Ntchènguè, Agamwinboni (1865–1882) Avonowanga, Agamwinboni (1882–?) Colonia francesa, 1882-1910 Para más detalles, véase Francia en Europa occidental. Santo Tomé y Príncipe
Colonia, 1470–1951 Para más detalles, véase el Reino de Portugal en el Sudoeste de Europa.
África: Este Área de los Grandes Lagos
Burundi Kenia Protectorado británico, 1895-1920 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Dinastía Nabahani Ahmad ibn Fumo Bakari, Mfalume (1840–1856) Ahmad Simba Balla ibn Fumo Luti, Mfalume (1856–1858) dinastía sin nombre Sheij Muhammad, Mfalume (1858–1870) Ahmad ibn Fumo Bakari, Mfalume (1858–1888) Fumo Bakari ibn Ahmad, Mfalume (1888–1890) Bwana Shaykh ibn Ahmad, Mfalume (1890–1891) Fumo 'Umar ibn Ahmad, Mfalume (1891–1893,1895–1923) Ruanda Sudán del Sur Tanzania Colonia, 1885-1919 Para más detalles véase el Imperio alemán en Europa central. Ifundikila, rey (1840-1858) Mnywasela, rey (c.1858–1860) Mkasiwa, rey (1860-1875) Isike, Rey (1875–?) [2] Uganda Mutambuka, Omugabe (1839–1873) Ntare V Rugingiza, Omugabe (1873–1895) Kahaya II , Omugabe (1895-1944)Protectorado británico, 1894-1962 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Zona del Cuerno de África
Yibuti Colonia, 1896-1946 Para más detalles, véase Francia en Europa occidental. Eritrea Colonia, 1890-1936 Para más detalles, véase Italia en Europa central y sur. Etiopía Hanfere ibn Aydahis, Amoyta (1832–1862) Mahammad ibn Hanfere, Amoyta (1862-1902) Ogata , Tato (1845–1865)Dagoye, Tato (1865-1883) Abba Rago I, Moti (c.1845-c.1860) Abba Magal, Moti (c.1860-1870) Abba Rago II, Moti (hacia 1870) Genne Fa, reina (c.1880) [3] Abba Rebo, Moti (?–1856) Abba Dula, Moti (?–1864) Abba Jifar, Moti (finales del siglo XIX) Abba Boka , Moti (?–1886)Jawe, Moti (c.1840–1854) Abba Dula, Moti (1854-1879) Abba Jubir, Moti (junio de 1879 – c.1890) Abba Fogi, Moti (hacia 1890-1899) Firisa, Moti (1899-1902) Abba Bagibo, Koynab (?–1894) Gawi Nechocho o Haji Ginoch, rey (1845-1854) Kaye Sherocho o Kamo, rey (1854-1870) Gali Sherocho, rey (1870–1890) Gaki Sherocho , rey (1890–1897)Ibsa, Abba Bagibo, Supera (1825–1861) Abba Bulgu, Supera (1861–1883) Abba Gomoli II, Supera (1883–1891) Gobe, Kawa (1845-1886) Gaga, Kawa (1886–c.1890) Tona, Kawa (1890-1895) Somalia Suldaan Maxamuud Suldaan Cismaan Suldaan Maxamuud, rey (1844–1860) Osman Mahamuud , rey (1860-c.1924)Hassan Farah, sultán (1845-1870) Deria Hassan , sultán (1870-1939)Colonia, 1890-1936 Para más detalles, véase Italia en Europa central y sur. Protectorado, 1884-1940, 1941-1960 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Océano Índico
Comoras Mohamed bin Saidi Hamadi Makadara, sultán (1865–1874) Djoumbé Fátima , regente (1865–1868)Joseph Lambert, duque de Imerina, regente (1868-1871) Djoumbé Fátima , regente (1871–1878)Abderremane bin Saidi Hamadi Makadara, sultán (1878–1885) Mohammed Shekhe, sultán (1885-1886) Marjani bin Abudu Shekhe, sultán (1886–1888) Salima Machamba bint Saidi Hamadi Makadara Reina/Sultán (1888-1909)Fadeli bin Othman, Balia Juma, Abudu Tsivandini, regentes (1888–1889) Mahmudu bin Mohamed Makadara, regente (1889–1897) Salima Machamba bint Saidi Hamadi Makadara Reina/Sultán (1888-1909)Salim bin Alawi, sultán (1837-1852) Saidi Abdallah bin Salim, sultán (1852–1891) Salim bin Abdalla, sultán (1891–1891) Saidi Omar bin Saidi Hasan, sultán (1891–1892) Saidi Mohamed bin Saidi Omar, sultán (1892-1912) Protectorado francés, 1887-1908 Para más detalles, véase Francia en Europa occidental. Madagascar Protectorado francés, 1882-1897 Colonia, 1897-1958 Para más detalles, véase Francia en Europa occidental. Mauricio Colonia, 1810-1968 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Seychelles Parte de la Isla Mauricio Británica, 1811-1903 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa.
África: centro norte Libia
Túnez
Protectorado, 1881-1956 Para más detalles, véase Francia en Europa occidental.
África: Noreste Egipto
Nubar Pasha , primer ministro (1878-1879)Tewfik Pasha , primer ministro (1879)Mohamed Sherif Pasha , primer ministro (1879)Tewfik Pasha , primer ministro (1879)Riaz Pasha , primer ministro (1879-1881)Mohamed Sherif Pasha , primer ministro (1881-1882)Mahmoud Samy El Baroudy , Primer Ministro (1882)Raghib Pasha , primer ministro (1882)Mohamed Sherif Pasha , primer ministro (1882-1884)Nubar Pasha , primer ministro (1884-1888)Riaz Pasha , primer ministro (1888-1891)Mostafa Fahmy Pasha , primer ministro (1891-1893)Hussein Fakhry Pasha , Primer Ministro (1893)Riaz Pasha , primer ministro (1893-1894)Nubar Pasha , primer ministro (1894-1895)Mostafa Fahmy Pasha , primer ministro (1895-1908)Sudán
Muhammad al-Husayn, sultán (1838-1873) Ibrahim, sultán (1873-1874) Ali Dinar , sultán (1898-1916)Nasir, Mukūk (1843–c.1860) Adán I, Mukūk (c.1860–1884) Condominio del Reino Unido y Egipto, 1899-1956Para más detalles, véase Reino Unido y Egipto.
África: Noroeste Argelia
Departamentos franceses, 1830-1962 Para más detalles, véase Francia en Europa occidental. Marruecos y el Sahara Occidental
Territorio de ultramar, 1884-1975 Para más detalles véase España en el suroeste de Europa.
África: Sur Botsuana
Protectorado británico, 1885-1966 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Eswatini/ Suazilandia
Lesoto
Reino, 1822–1884 Colonia británica, 1884-1966 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Malaui
Protectorado británico, 1893-1907 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Mozambique
Hasani Usufu, sultán (1849-1861) Musa Mohammad Sahib Quanto, sultán (? –1879) Umar Farelay (también conocido como Mahamuieva), sultán (c.1890-1910) Colonia, 1498-1972 Para más detalles, véase el Reino de Portugal en el Sudoeste de Europa. Namibia
Colonia, 1884-1915 Para más detalles véase el Imperio alemán en Europa central. Sudáfrica
Jobe kaKhayi, jefe (?–1806) Dingiswayo , jefe (1806-1817)Lucas Johannes Meijer, presidente (1884–1888) Jacobus Groenendaal , presidente estatal en funciones (1854)Josias Philip Hoffman , presidente del estado (1854-1855)Jacobus Johannes Venter , presidente interino del estado (1855)Jacobus Nicolaas Boshoff , presidente estatal (1855-1859)Esaias Reynier Snijman , presidente interino del estado (1859–1860)Marthinus Wessel Pretorius , presidente del estado (1860–1863)Jacobus Johannes Venter , presidente interino del estado (1863-1864)Johannes Henricus Brand , presidente del estado (1864–1888)Comité Ejecutivo: W. Collins, FP Schnehage, GJ du Toit (1888) Pieter Jeremias Blignaut , presidente interino del estado (1888-1889)Francis William Reitz , presidente del estado (1889-1895)Pieter Jeremias Blignaut , presidente interino del estado (1895-1896)Martinus Theunis Steyn , presidente estatal (1896-1902)Colonia británica, 1795-1910 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Colonia británica, 1843-1910 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Colonia británica, 1877-1881, 1902-1910 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Zambia
Sebetwane , Morena (1838–1851)Mamochisane , Morena (1851)Sekeletu , Morena (1851–1863)Mambili, Morena (1863) Liswaniso, Morena en rebelión (1863) Mbololo , Morena (1863–1864)Sipopa Lutangu , Mbumu wa Litunga (1864–1876)Mowa Mamili, regente (1876) Mwanawina II , Mbumu wa Litunga (1876–1878)Lubosi I , Mbumu wa Litunga (1878–1884)Akufuna Tatila , Mbumu wa Litunga (1884–1885)Sikufele (en rebelión) (1885) Lubosi I , Mbumu wa Litunga (1885-1916)Kapumba Mwongo Mfwama, Mwata (1850–1854) Chinyanta Munona, Mwata (1854–1862) Mwonga Nsemba, Mwata (1862–1870) Chinkonkole Kafuti, Mwata (1870–1872) Lukwesa Mpanga, Mwata (1872–1883, 1885–1886) Kanyembo Ntemena, Mwata (1883–1885, 1886–1904) Zimbabue
Gobierno de la empresa, 1890-1924 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Changamire Tohwechipi Zharare, rey (1831–1866) [11]
África: Oeste Benín
Hanto Tona, rey (1846-1858) Soji Komin Agidi, rey (1858–1873) Atanle, rey (1873-1889) Ahrlonko Butiyi, rey (1889-1894) Kwasihela Diogo, rey (1894–1895) Estado anexado por Francia (1895) Véase también Ovonramwen Protectorado francés, 1894-1900 Sodji, Ahosu (1848-1864) Mikpon, Ahosu (1864-1872) Messi, Ahosu (1872-1874) Toffa I , Ahosu (1874-1908)Ajibolu, Oba de Ketu (1795–1816) Burkina Faso
Lansongi, Rey (?) [12] Yencirima, Rey (?) Yenahmma, rey (?–1878) Yenkuaga, rey (c.1878–1917) Dinastía Buricimba Labidiedo, Bilanbedo (?–1881) Haminari, Bilanbedo (1881–1883) Yendabri, Bilanbedo (1883–1887) Yaaparigu, Bilanbedo (1887-1919) Yempaabu, gobernante (década de 1890–?) Yembuado, gobernante (?) Bantia, gobernante (siglo XIX) Yenkpaari, gobernante (siglo XIX) Yembrima, gobernante (finales del siglo XIX – 1897) Yentema, gobernante (1897-1899) Hampandi, gobernante (1899-1923) Bandigoo, gobernante (siglo XIX) Wurbendi, gobernante (siglo XIX) Yembuado, gobernante (siglo XIX) Baalisongi, gobernante (siglo XIX) Yenkoari, gobernante (siglo XIX) Yembrima, gobernante (finales del siglo XIX – 1889) Yensombu, gobernante (1889-1892) Baahamma, gobernante (1892-1905) Alfa Hano, gobernante (c.1870–c.1874) Gazari, gobernante (c.1874–1883) Babatu, gobernante (1883-1899) Builsa Hamaria, gobernante (1894-1897) Bako Moru Wattara, gobernante (1839-1851) Laganfyela Moru, gobernante (1851-1854) Ali Dyan, gobernante (1854-1878) Kokoroko Dyan, gobernante (1878-1885) Sabana, gobernante (1885–1892) Tyeba Wattara Nyandane, gobernante (1892-1897) Pintyeba Wattara, gobernante (1897-1909) Brahima Sori bi Hama, Almami (1832–1861) Seku bi Salifu, Almami (1861–1887) Bubakar Amadu bi Isa, Almami (1887–1890) Bubakar bi Sori, Almami (1890–1891) Brahima Usman, Almami (1891-1915) Yembrima, Boopo (siglo XIX) Baahamma, Boopo (finales del siglo XIX) Yempaabu, Boopo (finales del siglo XIX) Labidiedo, Boopo (finales del siglo XIX – 1887) Tintuoriba Adama, Boopo (1887–1896) Hampanli, Boopo (1896-1897) Huntani, Boopo (1897-1902) Yempabú, Nunbado (1846–1856) Yempadígu, Nunbado (1856–1883) Yentuguri, Nunbado (1883–1892) Bancandi, Nunbado (1892-1911) Yenkpaari, Pielabedo (1844–1851) Yencaari, Pielabedo (1851–1856) Yentandi, Pielabedo (1856-1901) Sapilem, Naaba (siglo XIX) Nyambre, Naaba (siglo XIX) Salma, Naaba (siglo XIX) Korongo, Naaba (1894) Naaba Kutu I, Moogo-naaba (1850–1871) Naaba Sanum, Moogo-naaba (1871–1889) Naaba Wobgo, Moogo-naaba (1889–1897) Naaba Mazi, Moogo-naaba (1896–1896) Naaba Sigiri, Moogo-naaba (1897-1905) Rima Naaba Yemde, Yatenga naaba (1850–1877) Naaba Sanum, Yatenga naaba (1877–1879) Rima Naaba Woboga, Yatenga naaba (1879–1884) Naaba Piiyo II, Yatenga naaba (1884–1885) Rima Naaba Baongo, Yatenga naaba (1885–1895) Naaba Bulli, Yatenga naaba (1895–1899) Sidiyete Wedraogo, gobernante (1895-1896) Naaba Ligidi, Yatenga naaba (1899-1902) Cabo Verde
Colonia, 1462-1951 Para más detalles, véase el Reino de Portugal en el Sudoeste de Europa. Gambia
Colonia y protectorado británicos, 1821-1965 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Suling Jatta , rey (antes de 1840-1855) [16] Tomani Bojang, rey (? –1875) Ghana
Kwaku Dua I Panyin , Asantehene (1834–1867)Kofi Karikari , Asantehene (1867–1874)Kwabena Dwomo, regente (1874) Mensa Bonsu , Asantehene (1874–1883)Período de la Guerra Civil (1883-1888) Kwaku Dua II , Asantehene (1884)Owusu Kofi, presidente interino del Consejo (1884) Akyampon Panyin, presidente interino del consejo (1884–1887) Owusu Sekyere II, regente (1887–1888) Prempeh I , Asantehene (1888-1902)Colonia británica, 1821-1957 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Guinea
Ibrahima Sori Dongolfella, Almami (? –1890) El hermano mayor de Bokar Biro, Almami (1890–?) Bokar Biro , Almami (?–1892)Amadu, Almami (1892-1894) Bokar Biro , Almami (1894–1896)Colonia, 1894-1958 Para más detalles, véase Francia en Europa occidental. Guinea-Bissau
Janke Waali, gobernante (1867) Colonia, 1474–1951 Para más detalles, véase el Reino de Portugal en el Sudoeste de Europa. Costa de Marfil
Kwadwo Agyeman, Gyaamanhene (1850–1895) Colonia, 1893-1960 Para más detalles, véase Francia en Europa occidental. Liberia
Joseph Jenkins Roberts , presidente (1848-1856)Stephen Allen Benson , presidente (1856-1864)Daniel Bashiel Warner , presidente (1864-1868)James Spriggs Payne , presidente (1868-1870)Edward James Roye , presidente (1870–1871)James Skivring Smith , presidente (1871-1872)Joseph Jenkins Roberts , presidente (1872-1876)James Spriggs Payne , presidente (1876-1878)Anthony W. Gardiner , presidente (1878-1883)Alfred Francis Russell , presidente (1883-1884)Hilary R. W. Johnson , presidente (1884-1892)Joseph James Cheeseman , presidente (1892-1896)William D. Coleman , presidente (1896-1900)Garretson W. Gibson , presidente (1900-1904)Malí
Mamady Kandian, Fama (?–1854) Almany Niamody, Fama (?–1878) Colonia, 1880-1958 Para más detalles, véase Francia en Europa occidental. Mauritania
Níger
Ibrahim, sultán (1843-1851) Koïzé Babba, Askiya (1845–1864) Koïzé Babba Baki, Askiya (1864–1865) Ouankoÿ, Askiya (1865–1868) Biyo Birma, Askiya (1868–1882) Douada, Askiya (1882-1887) Malla, Askiya (1887-1901) Zarmakoy Kassam/Kossom Baboukabiya, rey (1856–1865) Zarmakoy Abdou Kyantou Baba, rey (1865–1890) Zarmakoy Alfa Atta, rey (1890-1897) Zarmakoy Attikou, rey (1897-1902) Hanno, Emir (?) Gazari , Emir (?–1878)Babatu , señor de la guerra (1878–?)Nigeria
Hamidu bi Adama, regente (1847–?) Muhammadu Lawal, Baban-Lamido (1847–1872) Umaru Sanda, Baban-Lamido (1872–1890) Zubayru bi Adama , Baban-Lamido (1890-1901)Effiom Okoho Asibong I Ekpo Minika, rey (1849–1852) Ededem Effiom II, rey (1852-1858) Eyo Asibong II, rey (1859–1872) Edem Asibong III Eyamba VIII, rey (1872–1879) Orok Edem Eyamba IX, rey (1880–1896) Eyo Etinyin, rey (c.1896-c.1903) Opubo Annie Pepple el Grande, rey (1792-1828) Adumtaye-Bereibibo Adapa Bristol-Alagbariya, rey (1828-1830) William Dappa Pepple I, rey (1830–1854, 1861–1866) Dapu Fubara II Pepple, rey (1854-1855) Regencia (1855-1861) bajo protectorado británico desde 1886 hasta 1914 [ cita requerida ] Shomoye, regente (1845–1846, 1862–1868) Okukenu , regente (1846–1854), Alake (1854–1862)Ademola I, Alake (1869–1877) Oyekan, Alake (1879-1881) Oluwajin, Alake (1885-1889) Oshokalu, Alake (1891-1898) Gbadebo I, Alake (1898-1920) Ladapo Samuel Ademola II , Alake (1872-1962), en el exilio (1948-1950), gobernante (1920-1962)Ahmadu Mai Shahada, gran visir (1889-1903) Shita dan Salih Alimi, emir (1842–1860) Zubayro dan Abdusalami, emir (1860–1868) Shita Aliyu dan Shittu, emir (1868–1891) Moma dan Zubayru, emir (1891–1896) Sulaymanu dan Aliyu, emir (1896-1914) Kosoko , Oba (1845–1851) [18] [19] [20] Dosunmu , Oba (1853-1862, se convierte en colonia de Lagos) [18] [21] Ezimilo, Eze Nri (1795–1886) Òbalíke , Eze Nri (1889-1911)Usuman Zaki y Malam Dendo , Etsu (1856–1859)Masaba y Malam Dendo, Etsu (1859–1873) Umaru Majigi y Muhamman Majigi, Etsu (1873–1884) Maliki y Usman Zaki , Etsu (1884–1895)Abu Bakr dan Masaba, Etsu (1895–1897, 1899–1901) Muhammadu y Umaru Majigi, Etsu (1897–1899) Jaja ), gobernante (1870-1887) [22] Perekule, presidente del Consejo de Jefes (1887-1891) Cookey Gam, agente político (1891-1893) Obiesigha Jaja II (Domingo de Federico), rey (1893-1915) Vasallo del Reino Unido : 1888-1896 Muhammadu al-Bukhari, gran visir (1890-1903) Jatau "Abu Ja", Emir (1825-1851) Abu Kwaka "Dogon Sarki", Emir (1851-1877) Ibrahim "Iyalai" "Dodon Gwari", Emir (1877-1902) Ya`quba dan Jibrilu Gajeren Sarki, Emir (1849–1850) Sulaymanu Dan Addo dan Ibrahimu, Emir (1850–1871) Abd Allahi Gallo dan Muhammadu Dan Ayi, Emir (1871–1888) Abd Allahi Abarshi dan 'Ali dan Yerima, Emir (1888-1904) Protectorado británico, 1884-1893/1893-1900 Colonia británica, 1821-1957 Protectorado británico, 1900-1914 Protectorado británico, 1900-1914 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Senegal
Tanor Ngone Jeng, Teigne (1890–1894) [23] Maysa Tènde Jor Samba Fal, Damel (1832–1855) Birima Ngone Latir Fal, Damel (1855–1860) Ma-Kodu Kumba Yande Fal, Damel (1860–1861) Ma-Jojo Jegeñ Kodu Fal, Damel (1861) Lat Jor Ngone Latir Jop, Damel (1862–1864)Ma-Jojo Jegeñ Kodu Fal, Damel (1864–1868) Lat Jor Ngone Latir Jop, Damel (1871–1882)Amari Ngone Fal, Dama (1883) Samba Laobe Fal, Damel (1883–1886) Almaami desconocido (1804–1859) Vasallo del Imperio Toucouleur, 1861-1877 Mustafa, Almaami (1859–1868) Ahmadu Sego, Almaami (1868–1875) Abdul Bu Bakar, Almaami (1875–1877) Birayamb Ma-Dyigen, Buur-ba (1850–1855) al-Buri Peya, Buur-ba (1855–1856) Bakan-Tam Yaago, Buur-ba (1856–1858) Taanor, Buur-ba (1858-1863) Bakan-Tam Khaari, Buur-ba (1863–1871) Amadu Seeku, Buur-ba (1871–1875) Alboury Ndiaye , Buur-ba (1875–1890)Balleh N'Gougou N'Dao (o Ballé Khordia Ndao), Maad Saloum (1825-1853) [24] Bala Adam Njie, Maad Saloum (1853–1856) [24] Kumba N'Dama Mbodj, Maad Saloum (1856–1859) [24] Caída de Samba Laobe Latsouka), Maad Saloum (1859–1864) [24] Federación de colonias, 1895-1958 Para más detalles, véase Francia en Europa occidental. Sierra Leona
Moribu Kindo, Bai (1840–1859) Kanta, Bai (1859-1872) Colonia y protectorado británicos, 1808-1961 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Ir
Protectorado, 1884-1916 Para más detalles véase el Imperio alemán en Europa central.
Américas
Américas: Caribe Antigua
Colonia británica, 1632-1981 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Las Bahamas
Colonia británica, 1648-1973 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Barbados
Colonia británica, 1625-1966 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Cuba
Colonia española, 1607-1898 Para más detalles véase España en el suroeste de Europa. Dominica
Colonia británica, 1763-1978 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. San Vicente y las Granadinas
Colonia británica, 1763-1979 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. República Dominicana
José Antonio Hungría, Francisco Antonio Gómez Báez, José Ramón Luciano y Franco, Junta de Generales (1868) Pedro Tomás Garrido, José de Jesús de Castro, Pedro Pablo de Bonilla, Juan Bautista Zafra, Pablo López Villanueva, Jacinto Peynado , Consejo de Secretarios de Estado (1876) Pablo López Villanueva, José Caminero Matías, Juan Esteban Ariza Matos, Fidel Rodríguez Urdaneta, José de Jesús Eduardo de Castro Álvarez, Juan Bautista Zafra y Miranda, Pedro Tomás Garrido Matos, Junta Superior de Gobierno (1876) Cesáreo Guillermo , presidente (1879)Gregorio Luperón , presidente (1879–1880)Fernando Arturo de Meriño , presidente (1880–1882)Ulises Heureaux , presidente (1882–1884)Francisco Gregorio Billini , presidente (1884-1885)Alejandro Woss y Gil , presidente (1885-1887)Ulises Heureaux , presidente (1887–1889)Manuel María Gautier , presidente en funciones (1889)Ulises Heureaux , presidente (1889–1899)Wenceslao Figuereo , Presidente (1899)Tomás Demetrio Morales, Arístides Patiño, Enrique Henríquez y Alfau, Jaime R. Vidal, Braulio Álvarez, Consejo de Secretarios de Estado (1899) Mariano Cestero, Álvaro Logroño, Arístides Patiño, Pedro María Mejía, Consejo de Secretarios de Estado (1899) Haití
Fabre Geffrard , presidente (1859-1867)Jean-Nicolas Nissage Saget , presidente provisional (1867)Sylvain Salnave , presidente (1867-1869)Jean-Nicolas Nissage Saget , presidente (1869-1874)Consejo de Secretarios de Estado (1874)Michel Domingue , presidente (1874-1876)Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal , presidente provisional (1876), presidente (1876–1879)Joseph Lamothe , presidente provisional (1879)Lysius Salomon , presidente (1879-1888)Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal , presidente provisional (1888)François Denys Légitime , presidente (1888-1889)Monpoint Jeune , presidente provisional (1889)Florvil Hyppolite , presidente (1889-1896)Tirésias Simon Sam , presidente (1896-1902)Países Bajos
Colonia holandesa 1634–1828, 1845–1954 Para más detalles, véase Países Bajos en Europa occidental. San Cristóbal y Nieves
Colonia británica, 1882-1983 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Santa Lucía
Colonia británica, 1802-1979 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Trinidad y Tobago
Colonia británica, 1797-1962 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa.
Américas: Central Belice
Colonia británica, 1749-1862 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Colonia británica, 1862-1981 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Costa Rica
Juan Mora Porras , presidente (1849–1859)José María Montealegre Fernández , presidente (1859–1863)Jesús Jiménez Zamora , presidente (1863–1866)José Castro Madriz , presidente (1866–1868)Jesús Jiménez Zamora , presidente (1868–1870)Bruno Carranza Ramírez , Presidente (1870)Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez , presidente (1870–1876)Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz , Presidente (1876)Vicente Herrera Zeledón , presidente (1876–1877)Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez , presidente (1877–1882)Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez , Presidente (1882)Próspero Fernández Oreamuno , presidente (1882–1885)Bernardo Soto Alfaro , presidente (1885-1890)José Rodríguez Zeledón , presidente (1890–1894)Rafael Yglesias Castro , presidente (1894-1902)El Salvador
Doroteo Vasconcelos , presidente (1850-1851)José Félix Quirós , Presidente interino (1851)Francisco Dueñas , presidente (1851-1852)José María San Martín , presidente en funciones (1852)Francisco Dueñas , presidente (1852-1854)Vicente Gómez , presidente interino (1854)José María San Martín , presidente (1854–1856)Francisco Dueñas , Presidente en funciones (1856)Rafael Campo , presidente (1856-1858)Lorenzo Zepeda , Presidente interino (1858)Miguel Santín del Castillo , presidente (1858-1859)Joaquín Eufrasio Guzmán , Presidente interino (1859)José María Peralta , presidente en funciones (1859)Gerardo Barrios , presidente (1859–1863)Francisco Dueñas , presidente (1863–1871)Santiago González , presidente (1871–1876)Andrés del Valle , presidente (1876)Rafael Zaldívar , presidente (1876–1885)Francisco Menéndez , presidente (1885–1890)Carlos Ezeta , presidente (1890–1894)Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez , presidente (1894–1898)Tomás Regalado , presidente (1898-1903)Guatemala
Mariano Peredes , presidente interino (1849-1851)Rafael Carrera , presidente (1851-1865)Pedro de Aycinena y Piñol , Presidente en funciones (1865)Vicente Cerna Sandoval , presidente (1865-1871)Miguel García Granados , presidente (1871–1873)Justo Rufino Barrios , presidente (1873–1885)Alejandro M. Sinibaldi , presidente interino (1885)Manuel Barillas , presidente (1885-1892)José María Reina Barrios , presidente (1892–1898)Manuel Estrada Cabrera , presidente (1898-1920)Honduras
Juan Lindo , presidente (1847–1852)Francisco Gómez , presidente interino (1852)José Trinidad Cabañas , presidente (1852–1855)José Santiago Bueso , Presidente en funciones (1855)Francisco de Aguilar , presidente interino (1855-1856)José Santos Guardiola , presidente (1856-1862)José Francisco Montes , presidente interino (1862)Victoriano Castellanos , Presidente interino (1862)José Francisco Montes , presidente interino (1862-1863)José María Medina , Presidente en funciones (1863)Francisco Inestroza , presidente interino (1863-1864)Francisco Cruz Castro , presidente provisional (1869-1870)José María Medina , presidente (1864–1872)Céleo Arias , presidente provisional (1872-1874)Ponciano Leiva , presidente (1874-1876)Marcelino Mejía , Presidente Provisional (1876)Crescencio Gómez , Presidente Provisional (1876)José María Medina , Presidente Provisional (1876)Marco Aurelio Soto , presidente (1876-1883)Consejo de Ministros, (1883) Luis Bográn , presidente (1883–1891)Ponciano Leiva , presidente (1891-1893)Domingo Vásquez , presidente (1893–1894)Policarpo Bonilla , presidente (1894–1899)Terencio Sierra , presidente (1899-1903)Nicaragua
Norberto Ramírez Áreas , Director Supremo (1849–1851)Justo Abaunza y Muñoz de Avilés , Director Supremo en funciones (1851)José Laureano Pineda Ugarte , Director Supremo (1851)Justo Abaunza y Muñoz de Avilés , Director Supremo en funciones (1851)José Laureano Pineda Ugarte , Director Supremo, en la disidencia (1851)José Francisco del Montenegro , Director Supremo interino, en rebelión (1851)José de Jesús Alfaro , Director Supremo, en rebelión (1851)José Laureano Pineda Ugarte , Director Supremo, en la disidencia (1851–1853)Fruto Chamorro , Director Supremo (1853–1854)Fruto Chamorro , presidente (1854-1855)José María Estrada , presidente en funciones (1855)Patricio Rivas , presidente provisional (1855-1857)William Walker , usurpador (1856-1857)Junta de Gobierno, Presidente (1857) Tomás Martínez , presidente (1857–1867)Fernando Guzmán Solórzano , presidente (1867–1871)José Vicente Cuadra , presidente (1871–1875)Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro , presidente (1875–1879)Joaquín Zavala , presidente (1879–1883)Adán Cárdenas , presidente (1883–1887)Evaristo Carazo , presidente (1887–1889)Nicolás Osorno , presidente interino (1889)Roberto Sacasa , presidente interino (1889–1891)Ignacio Chaves López , Presidente (1891)Roberto Sacasa , presidente (1891–1893)Salvador Machado , presidente interino (1893)Joaquín Zavala , Presidente interino (1893)José Santos Zelaya , presidente (1893-1909)
Américas: Norte Canadá
Colonia británica, 1610-1907 Colonia británica, 1841-1867 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. México
José Joaquín de Herrera , presidente (1848–1851)Mariano Arista , presidente (1851-1853)Juan Bautista Ceballos , Presidente (1853)Manuel María Lombardini , Presidente (1853)Santa Anna , dictador-presidente (1853-1855)Martín Carrera , presidente (1855)Rómulo Díaz de la Vega , Presidente (1855)Juan Álvarez , presidente (1855)Ignacio Comonfort , presidente (1855–1857)Benito Juárez , presidente (1857–1872)Ignacio Comonfort , presidente (1857–1858)Félix María Zuloaga , presidente interino (1858)Manuel Robles Pezuela , presidente provisional (1858-1859)José Mariano Salas , Presidente Provisional (1859)Miguel Miramón , presidente suplente (1859–1860)José Ignacio Pavón , Presidente Suplente (1860)Miguel Miramón , Presidente Provisional (1860)Félix María Zuloaga , presidente provisional (1860–1862)Estados Unidos
Millard Fillmore , presidente (1850-1853)Franklin Pierce , presidente (1853-1857)James Buchanan , presidente (1857-1861)Abraham Lincoln , presidente (1861-1865)Andrew Johnson , presidente (1865-1869)Ulysses S. Grant , presidente (1869-1877)Rutherford B. Hayes , presidente (1877-1881)James A. Garfield , presidente (1881)Chester A. Arthur , presidente (1881-1885)Grover Cleveland , presidente (1885-1889)Benjamin Harrison , presidente (1889-1893)Grover Cleveland , presidente (1893-1897)William McKinley , presidente (1897-1901)John Ross , jefe principal (1828-1866)Stand Watie , jefe disidente (1862-1866)William P. Ross , jefe principal (1866-1867, 1872-1875)Lewis Downing , jefe principal (1867-1872)Charles Thompson , jefe principal (1875-1879)Dennis Bushyhead , jefe principal (1879-1887)Joel B. Mayes , jefe principal (1887–1891)Johnson Harris , jefe principal (1891-1895)Samuel Houston Mayes , jefe principal (1895-1899)Thomas Buffington , jefe principal (1899-1903)
Américas: Sur Argentina
Bolivia
Manuel Isidoro Belzu , Presidente Provisional (1848–1850), Presidente (1850–1855)Jorge Córdova , presidente (1855–1857)José María Linares , presidente provisional (1857–1858), dictador vitalicio (1858–1861)Junta de Gobierno, Integrantes: Ruperto Fernández, José María Achá , Manuel Antonio Sánchez (1861) José María Achá , Presidente Provisional (1861–1862), Presidente (1862–1864)Mariano Melgarejo , presidente provisional (1864–1870), presidente (1870–1871)Agustín Morales , Jefe Supremo de la Revolución (1871), Presidente Provisional (1871–1872), Presidente (1872)Tomás Frías Ametller , presidente (1872–1873)Adolfo Ballivián , presidente (1873–1874)Tomás Frías Ametller , presidente (1874–1876)Hilarión Daza , presidente (1876–1879)Pedro José Domingo de Guerra , Presidente (1879)Narciso Campero , presidente (1880-1884)Gregorio Pacheco , presidente (1884-1888)Aniceto Arce , presidente (1888–1892)Mariano Baptista , presidente (1892-1896)Severo Fernández , presidente (1896–1899)Junta de Gobierno, Integrantes: José Manuel Pando , Serapio Reyes Ortiz , Macario Pinilla Vargas (1899) José Manuel Pando , presidente (1899-1904)Brasil
Luis Gálvez Rodrígues de Arias [pt] , presidente (1899–1900, 1900) Antônio de Sousa Braga [pt] , presidente (1900) Joaquim Vítor da Silva [pt] , Presidente (1900) Chile
Colombia
Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera , presidente (1861–1863, 1863–1864, 1866–1867)Manuel Murillo Toro , presidente (1864-1866)Joaquín Riascos , presidente (1867)Santos Acosta , presidente (1867-1868)Santos Gutiérrez , presidente (1868-1870)Eustorgio Salgar , presidente (1870-1872)Manuel Murillo Toro , presidente (1872-1874)Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas , presidente (1874–1876)Aquileo Parra , presidente (1876-1878)Julián Trujillo Largacha , presidente (1878–1880)Rafael Núñez , presidente (1880–1882, 1884–1886, 1886–1894)Francisco Javier Zaldúa , Presidente (1882)Clímaco Calderón , Presidente (1882)José Eusebio Otálora , presidente (1882–1884)Ezequiel Hurtado , Presidente (1884)Ecuador
Diego Noboa , presidente interino (1850–1851), presidente (1851)José María Urvina , Jéfe Supremo (1851–1852), Presidente (1852–1856)Francisco Robles , presidente (1856-1859)Gobierno Provisional de Quito, Miembros: Gabriel García Moreno , Jerónimo Carrión , Plácido Chiriboga, Rafael Carvajal (1859–1861) Gobierno de Cuenca, Líderes: Jerónimo Carrión , Francisco Robles , Guillermo Franco , Ramón Borrero (1859) Jefatura Suprema del Guayas, Líder: Guillermo Franco (1859–1860) Gobierno Federal de Loja, Líder: Manuel Carrión Pinzano (1859–1860) Gabriel García Moreno , Presidente interino (1861), Presidente (1861–1865)Rafael Carvajal , presidente interino (1865)Jerónimo Carrión , presidente (1865–1867)Pedro José de Arteta , presidente en funciones (1867–1868)Javier Espinosa , presidente (1868-1869)Gabriel García Moreno , presidente interino (1869)Manuel de Ascásubi , presidente interino (1869)Gabriel García Moreno , presidente (1869–1875)Francisco Xavier León , presidente interino (1875)José Javier Eguiguren , presidente interino (1875)Antonio Borrero , presidente (1875-1876)Ignacio de Veintemilla , Jéfe Supremo (1876–1878), Presidente (1878–1882), Jéfe Supremo (1882–1883)Pentevirato Quiteño, Integrantes: José María Plácido Caamaño , Luis Cordero, Agustín Guerrero, Pedro Lizarzaburu, Rafael Pérez Pareja (1883) Jefatura Suprema de Manabí y Esmeraldas, Líder: Eloy Alfaro (1883) Jefatura Suprema del Guayas, Líder: Pedro Carbo (1883) José Plácido Caamaño , Presidente interino (1883–1884), Presidente (1884–1888)Pedro José Cevallos , Presidente interino (1888)Antonio Flores Jijón , presidente (1888–1892)Luis Cordero Crespo , presidente (1892–1895)Vicente Lucio Salazar , Presidente interino (1895)Eloy Alfaro , Jefe Supremo (1895-1896), Presidente Interino (1896-1897), Presidente (1897-1901)Guayana
Colonia británica, 1814-1966 Para obtener más detalles, consulte Reino Unido en Islas Británicas, Europa. Paraguay
Carlos Antonio López , presidente (1844–1862)Francisco Solano López , presidente (1862–1869)Cirilo Antonio Rivarola , presidente (1869-1870)Facundo Machaín , Presidente interino (1870)Cirilo Antonio Rivarola , presidente (1870-1871)Salvador Jovellanos , presidente (1871–1874)Juan Bautista Gill , presidente (1874-1877)Higinio Uriarte , presidente (1877–1878)Cándido Bareiro , presidente (1878-1880)Bernardino Caballero , presidente (1880-1886)Patricio Escobar , presidente (1886-1890)Juan Gualberto González , presidente (1890–1894)Marcos Morínigo , presidente (1894)Juan Bautista Egusquiza , presidente (1894–1898)Emilio Aceval , presidente (1898-1902)Perú
Ramón Castilla , presidente (1845-1851)José Rufino Echenique , presidente (1851–1855)Ramón Castilla , presidente (1855-1862)Miguel de San Román , presidente (1862-1863)Ramón Castilla , presidente (1863)Pedro Diez Canseco , Presidente (1863)Juan Antonio Pezet , presidente (1863-1865)Mariano Ignacio Prado , Presidente (1865)Juan Antonio Pezet , Presidente (1865)Pedro Diez Canseco , Presidente (1865)Mariano Ignacio Prado , presidente (1865–1868)Pedro Diez Canseco , intendente interino (1868)José Balta , presidente (1868–1872)Tomás Gutiérrez , máximo líder de la nación (1872)Francisco Diez Canseco , Presidente (1872)Mariano Herencia Zevallos , Presidente (1872)Manuel Pardo , presidente (1872-1876)Mariano Ignacio Prado , presidente (1876–1879)Nicolás de Piérola , Comandante en Jefe del Estado (1879–1881)Francisco García Calderón , Presidente Provisional de la República (1881)Lizardo Montero Flores , Presidente Provisional de la República (1881)Miguel Iglesias , Presidente Regenerador de la República (1881-1885)Antonio Arenas , Presidente de la Junta de Gobierno (1885-1886)Andrés Avelino Cáceres , Presidente Constitucional (1886–1890)Remigio Morales Bermúdez , Presidente Constitucional (1890–1894)Justiniano Borgoño , Presidente de la Junta de Gobierno (1894)Andrés Avelino Cáceres , Presidente Constitucional (1894–1895)Manuel Candamo , Presidente de la Junta de Gobierno (1895)Nicolás de Piérola , Presidente Constitucional (1895–1899)Eduardo López de Romaña , Presidente Constitucional (1899-1903)Surinam
Colonia holandesa 1667–1954 Para más detalles, véase Países Bajos en Europa occidental. Uruguay
Manuel Oribe , Disputado con Joaquín Suárez (1843–1851)Joaquín Suárez , Interino, Disputado con Manuel Oribe (1841–1852)Bernardo Berro , en funciones (1852)Juan Francisco Giró , presidente (1852-1853)Juan Antonio Lavalleja , Triunviro, Presidente (1853) (1853)Fructuoso Rivera , triunviro (1853–1859), presidente (1853–1854) (1853–1859)Venancio Flores , triunviro, presidente, disputado (1854–1855) (1853–1854)Luis María Lamas, presidente interino, disputó (1855) Manuel Basilio Bustamante, presidente interino (1855-1856) José María Piá, presidente en funciones (1856) Gabriel Antonio Pereira , presidente (1856-1860)Bernardo Berro , presidente (1860-1864)Atanasio Aguirre , presidente interino (1864-1865)Tomás Villalba , Presidente en funciones (1865)Venancio Flores , presidente interino (1865–1868)Pedro Varela , presidente interino (1868)Lorenzo Batlle y Grau , presidente (1868-1872)Tomás Gomensoro Albín , presidente en funciones (1872–1873)José Eugenio Ellauri , presidente (1873–1875)Pedro Varela , presidente (1875–1876)Lorenzo Latorre , presidente (1876-1880)Francisco Antonino Vidal , presidente (1880–1882)Máximo Santos , presidente (1882–1886)Francisco Antonino Vidal , presidente (1886)Máximo Santos , presidente (1886)Máximo Tajes , presidente (1886–1890)Julio Herrera y Obes , presidente (1890–1894)Duncan Stewart , presidente interino (1894)Juan Idiarte Borda , presidente (1894–1897)Juan Lindolfo Cuestas , presidente interino (1897–1899)José Batlle y Ordóñez , Presidente en funciones (1899)Juan Lindolfo Cuestas , presidente (1899-1903)Venezuela
José Tadeo Monagas , presidente (1847–1851)José Gregorio Monagas , presidente (1851–1855)José Tadeo Monagas , presidente (1855–1858)Pedro Gual Escandón , presidente interino (1858)Julián Castro , presidente (1858-1859)Pedro Gual Escandón , presidente interino (1859)Manuel Felipe de Tovar , presidente (1859–1861)Pedro Gual Escandón , presidente interino (1861)José Antonio Páez , presidente (1861–1863)Juan Crisóstomo Falcón , presidente (1863–1868)Juan Crisóstomo Falcón , presidente (1863–1868)Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual , Presidente interino (1868)Guillermo Tell Villegas , presidente interino (1868-1869)José Ruperto Monagas , presidente (1869–1870)Guillermo Tell Villegas , Presidente interino (1870)Antonio Guzmán Blanco , presidente (1870–1877)Francisco Linares Alcántara , presidente (1877–1878)José Gregorio Valera , presidente interino (1878–1879)Antonio Guzmán Blanco , presidente (1879–1884)Joaquín Crespo , presidente (1884–1886)Antonio Guzmán Blanco , presidente (1886–1887)Hermógenes López , presidente interino (1887–1888)Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl , presidente (1888–1890)Raimundo Andueza Palacio , presidente (1890–1892)Guillermo Tell Villegas , Presidente interino (1892)Guillermo Tell Villegas Pulido , Presidente interino (1892)Joaquín Crespo , presidente (1892–1898)Ignacio Andrade , presidente (1898–1899)Cipriano Castro , presidente (1899-1908)
Asia
Asia: Central Kazajstán
Tíbet
El señorío manchú, 1720-1912 Para más detalles, véase la dinastía Qing en Asia Oriental. Uzbekistán
Muhammad Khudayar , Kan (1845–1858)Muhammad Mallya Beg, kan (1858-1862) Shah Murad, Khan (1862) Muhammad Judayar Khan (1862–1865)Mahoma Sultán, Khan (1863–1865) Bil Bahchi, Khan (1865) Muhammad Sulta, Khan (1865–1866) Muhammad Khudayar , Kan (1866–1875)Nasir ad-Din Abdul Karin, Khan (1875) Muhammad Pulad Beg, Khan (1875–1875) Nasir ad-Din Abdul Karim, Khan (1875–1883) Abu al-Ghazi Muhammad Amin Bahadur, Kan (1846–1855) Abdullah, Khan (1855) Qutlugh Muhammad Murad Bahadur, Khan (1855–1856) Mahmud, Khan (1856) Sayyid Muhammad, Kan (1856–1864) Muhammad Rahim Bahadur II., Khan (Feruz Khan), Khan (1864-1910) Protectorado ruso, 1873-1917 Krai ruso, 1867-1918 Para más detalles véase el Imperio ruso en Europa del Este.
Asia: Este China: continental
China: Taiwán
Japón
Itō Hirobumi , primer ministro (1885-1888)Kuroda Kiyotaka , primer ministro (1888-1889)Sanjō Sanetomi , primer ministro en funciones (1889–1889)Yamagata Aritomo , primer ministro (1889-1891)Matsukata Masayoshi , primer ministro (1891-1892)Itō Hirobumi , primer ministro (1892-1896)Kuroda Kiyotaka , primer ministro en funciones (1896-1896)Matsukata Masayoshi , primer ministro (1896–1898)Itō Hirobumi , primer ministro (1898–1898)Ōkuma Shigenobu , primer ministro (1898–1898)Yamagata Aritomo , primer ministro (1898-1900)Itō Hirobumi , primer ministro (1900-1901)Estado vasallo del Dominio Satsuma, 1609-1872 Estado vasallo del Imperio del Japón, 1872-1879 Corea
Gojong , rey (1863-1897), emperador (1897-1907)Gojong , rey (1863-1897), emperador (1897-1907)
Asia: Sudeste Brunéi
Protectorado británico, 1888-1984 Camboya
Protectorado, 1863-1984, parte de la Indochina francesa, 1887-1953 Indonesia
Dutch colony 1800–1811, 1816–1949 For details see the Netherlands under western Europe Indonesia: Java Cirebon IV, Sultan (1808–1810)[27] Cakraningrat IX, Sultan (1847–1862) Cakraningrat X, Sultan (1862–1882) Cakraningrat XI, Sultan (1882–1885) Paku Nataningrat, Sultan (1811–1854) Natakusuma, Sultan (1854–1879) Pangeran Pakunataningrat, Regent (1883–1901) Pangeran Aria Suriokusumo, Sultan (1842–1853) Mangkunegara III, Sultan (1835–1853) Mangkunegara IV , Sultan (1853–1881)Mangkunegara V, Sultan (1881–1896) Mangkunegara VI, Sultan (1896–1916) Pangeran Adipati Natapraja, Sultan (1831–1853) Pakualam II, Sultan (1829–1858) Pakualam III, Sultan (1858–1864) Pakualam IV, Sultan (1864–1878) Pakualam V, Sultan (1878–1900) Indonesia: Sumatra Amaluddin Mangendar, Sultan (1805–1850) Osman Perkasa Alam Shah, Sultan (1850–1858) Mahmud Al Rashid Perkasa Alamsyah, Sultan (1858–1873) Ma'mun Al Rashid Perkasa Alamyah , Sultan (1873–1924)Haji Musa al-Khalid al-Mahadiah Muazzam Shah, Sultan (1840–1893) Abdul Aziz Abdul Jalil Rakhmat Shah, Sultan (1893–1927) al-Sayyid al-Sharif Ismail Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin, Sultan (1815–1854) al-Sayyid al-Sharif Qasim Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin I, Sultan (Syarif Qasim I, 1864–1889) al-Sayyid al-Sharif Hashim Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah, Sultan (1889–1908) Al-Marhum Besar, Sultan (1822–1851) Al-Marhum Kota Batu, Sultan (1851–1879) Al-Marhum Perbaungan, Sultan (1879–1946)[citation needed ] Mahmud IV Muzaffar Shah, Sultan (1842–1858) Sulaiman II Badrul Alam Shah, Sultan (1858–1883) Abdul Rahman II Muazzam Shah, Sultan (1883–1911) Ali bin Raja Jaafar, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1844–1857) Haji Abdullah, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1857–1858) Muhammad Yusuf, Yang di-Pertuan Muda (1858–1899) Jambi Sultanate –Abdul Rahman Nazaruddin, Sultan (1841–1855) Thaha Safiuddin, Sultan (1855–1858, 1900–1904) Ahmad Nazaruddin, Sultan (1858–1881) Muhammad Muhieddin, Sultan (1881–1885) Ahmad Zainul Abidin, Sultan (1885–1899) Indonesia: Kalimantan (Borneo) Adam Al-Watsiq Billah, Sultan (1825–1857) Tamjidullah II al-Watsiqu Billah, Sultan (1857–1859) Hidayatullah II , Sultan (1859–1860)Muhammad Alimuddin Amirul Muminin Kahharuddin I, Sultan (1817–1861, 1866–1873) Muhammad Jalaluddin, Sultan (1861–1866) Muhammad Khalifatul Adil, Sultan (1873–1875) Muhammad Kahharuddin II, Sultan (1875–1889) Azimuddin, Sultan (1889–1899) Pengian Kesuma, Queen (1899–1901) Liu Asheng, President (1848–1876) Syarif Osman Alkadrie, Sultan (1819–1855) Syarif Hamid Alkadrie, Sultan (1855–1872) Syarif Yusuf Alkadrie, Sultan (1872–1895) Syarif Muhammad Alkadrie, Sultan (1895–1944) Abu Bakar Taj ud-din II, Sultan (1846–1854) Umar Kamal ud-din, Sultan (1854–1866) Muhammad Shafi ud-din II, Sultan (1866–1924) Sri Paduka Muhammad Qamar ud-din ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Abdu'l Rashid Muhammad Jamal ud-din, Sultan (1796–1851) Sri Paduka Sultan Muhammad Jamal ud-din II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Qamar ud-din Sultan (1851–1855) Panembahan Kusuma Negara I, Panembahan (1855–1889) Panembahan Kusuma Negara II, Panembahan (1889–1905) Indonesia: Sulawesi Abdul Kadir Moh Aidid, Sultan (1826–1893) Idris, Sultan (1893–1895) Husain, Sultan (1895–1906) La Oddang Pero, Datu (1825–1854) Patipatau, Datu (1854–1880) We Addi Luwu, Datu (1880–1883) Iskandar Opu Daeng Pali', Datu (1883–1901) Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands Lorenzo II, Raja (c.1886–1904) Ismail Muhammad Syah, Sultan (1817–1854) Abdullah, Sultan (1854–1868) Abdul Aziz, Sultan (1868–1881) Ibrahim, Sultan (1881–1915) Indonesia: West Timor Loit Banu Naek, Raja (?–c.1899) Muti Banu Naek, Raja (c.1899–1915) Koroh Kefi, Raja (pre-1832–1853) Obe Koroh, Raja (1853–1871) Rasi Koroh, Raja (1872–1887, 1892–1914) Taku Obe, Raja (1888–1891) Osu II, Raja (1834–1859) Mano, Raja (1859–1883) Lelo, Raja (1884–1894) Kusa, Raja (1895–1901) Nai Sobe Sonbai II, Emperor (1808–1867))[28] Nai Bau Sonbai, Emperor (1867–c.1885) Nai Nasu Mollo, co-Emperor (1870–1885) Nai Sobe Sonbai III, Emperor (1885–1906) Meis Babkas Nisnoni, Raja (1839–1860) Pieter Messi Nisnoni, Raja (1860–1874) Isu Nisnoni, Raja (1875–1889) Said Meis Nisnoni, Raja (1890–1902) Baki, Raja (c.1824–1862) Sanu, Raja (1862–c.1870) Bil Nope, Raja (c.1870–1910) Indonesia: Maluku Islands Dutch protectorate, 1667–1942 Muhammad Hayatuddin Kornabé, Sultan (1826–1861) Muhammad Sadik, Sultan (1862–1889) Muhammad Usman, Sultan (1900–1935) Dano Baba Hasan, Sultan (1875–1878) Dutch protectorate, 1657–1905 Al-Mansur Sirajuddin, Sultan (1822–1856) Ahmad Saifuddin Alting, Sultan (1856–1865) Said Ahmad Fathuddin Syah, Sultan (1867–1892) Iskandar Sahajuhan, Sultan (1893–1905) Dutch protectorate, 1683–1915 Muhammad Zain, Sultan (1823–1859) Muhammad Arsyad, Sultan (1859–1876) Ayanhar, Sultan (1879–1900) Muhammad Ilham/ Kolano Ara Rimoi, Sultan (1900–1902) Laos
Po, King (1848–1865), vassal to Siam and Vietnam Ung, King (1866–1876) Khanti , King (1876–1880), vassal to Siam Kham Ngon, King (1880–1899) Soukhaseum, King (1838–1851) Chantharath , King (1851–1870)Oun Kham , King (1865–1893), King under Protectorate (1893–1895)Protectorate and constituent of French Indochina (1893–1953) Malaysia
Peninsular Malaysia Muhammad II, Sultan (1835–1886) Ahmad, Sultan (1886–1890) Muhammad III Ibni Sultan Ahmad, Sultan (1890–1891) Mansur Ibni Sultan Ahmad, Sultan (1891–1900) Muhammad IV Ibni Sultan Muhammad III, Sultan (1900–1920) Omar Riayat Shah , co-Sultan (1831), Sultan (1839–1876)Mahmud Mustafa Shah, Sultan (1876–1877) Ahmad Muadzam Shah II, Sultan (1876–1881) Zainal Abidin III , Sultan (1881–1918)Radin, Yamtuan (1824–1861) Imam, Yamtuan (1861–1869) Tengku Ampuan Intan, Regent (1869–1872) Antah , Yamtuan (1875–1888)Muhammad , Yamtuan (1888–1933)Syed Hussein Jamalullail, Penghulu (1825–1843), Raja (1843–1873) Syed Ahmad Jamalullail, Raja (1873–1887) Syed Saffi Jamalullail, Raja (1887–1905) British protectorate, 1895–1942, 1945–1946 British protectorate, 1826–1942, 1945–1946 British protectorate, 1826–1942, 1945–1946 For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe Malaysian Borneo British colony, 1848–1890, 1904–1906, 1907–1941, 1945–1946 British colony, 1888–1941, 1945–1946; Crown colony, 1946–1963 For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe Myanmar / Burma
Philippines
Mohammad Pulalun Kiram, Sultan (1844–1862) Jamal ul-Azam, Sultan (1862–1881) Badar ud-Din II, Sultan (1881–1884) Harun Ar-Rashid, Sultan (1886–1894) Jamalul Kiram II , Sultan (1894–1915)Untong, Sultan (c.1830–c.1854) Muhammad Makakwa, Sultan (c.1854–1884) Wata, Sultan (?–c.1888) Mangigin, Sultan (1896–1926) Colony, 1565–1901 For details see Spain in southwest Europe Emilio Aguinaldo , President of the Revolutionary Government (1898–1899), President of the First Republic (1899–1901)Emilio Aguinaldo , President of the Revolutionary Government (1898–1899), President of the First Republic (1899–1901)Singapore
British colony as part of the Straits Settlements , 1819–1867 British crown colony as part of the Straits Settlements, 1867–1963For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe Thailand
Second Kelantanese dynasty Phraya Long Muhammad Ibni Raja Muda Kelantan/Raja Kampong Laut Tuan Besar Long Ismail Ibni Raja Long Yunus, Sultan (1842–1856) Tuan Long Puteh Bin Phraya Long Muhammad, ruler (1856–1881) Tuan Besar Bin Tuan Long Puteh, ruler (1881–1890) Tuan Long Bongsu Bin Sultan Phraya Long Muhammad, ruler (1890–1898) Abdul Kadir Kamaruddin Syah, Sultan (?–1902) Timor
Colony, 1702–1975 For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe Vietnam
Tây Sơn dynasty (complete list ) –Nguyễn dynasty (complete list ) –Colony, 1887–1946 Vietnamese constituents are below; for details see France under western Europe French Colony, 1862–1949 French Protectorate, 1883–1945, 1945–1948 French Protectorate, 1884–1949 For details see France under western Europe
Asia: South Afghanistan
Asia: West Bahrain
Protectorate of the United Kingdom, 1861–1971 Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa, Hakim (1843–1868) Ali ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa, Hakim (1868–1869) Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa, Hakim (1869) Muhammad ibn Abdullah Al Khalifa, Hakim (1869) Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa , Hakim (1869–1923)Cyprus
Colony, 1878–1960 For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Ṭalāl bin ʿAbdullah, Emir (1848–1868) Mutʿib bin ʿAbdullah, Emir (1868–1869) Bandar ben Talal al-Rachid, Emir (1869) Muḥammad bin ʿAbdullah, Emir (1869–1897) Abdul-Aziz bin Mitab , Emir (1897–1906)Turkey
Mustafa Reşid Pasha , Grand Vizier (1848–1852)Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha , Grand Vizier (1852)Mustafa Reşid Pasha , Grand Vizier (1852)Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha , Grand Vizier (1852)Damat Mehmed Ali Pasha , Grand Vizier (1852–1853)Mustafa Naili Pasha , Grand Vizier (1853–1854)Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha , Grand Vizier (1854)Mustafa Reşid Pasha , Grand Vizier (1854–1855)Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha , Grand Vizier (1855–1856)Mustafa Reşid Pasha , Grand Vizier (1856–1857)Mustafa Naili Pasha , Grand Vizier (1857)Mustafa Reşid Pasha , Grand Vizier (1857–1858)Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha , Grand Vizier (1858–1859)Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha , Grand Vizier (1859)Mehmed Rushdi Pasha , Grand Vizier (1859–1860)Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha , Grand Vizier (1860–1861)Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha , Grand Vizier (1861)Mehmed Fuad Pasha , Grand Vizier (1861–1866)Yusuf Kamil Pasha , Grand Vizier (1863)Mehmed Fuad Pasha , Grand Vizier (1863–1866)Mehmed Rushdi Pasha , Grand Vizier (1866–1867)Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha , Grand Vizier (1866–1871)Mahmud Nedim Pasha , Grand Vizier (1871–1872)Midhat Pasha , Grand Vizier (1872)Mehmed Rushdi Pasha , Grand Vizier (1872–1873)Ahmed Esad Pasha , Grand Vizier (1873)Şirvanlızade Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha , Grand Vizier (1873–1874)Hüseyin Avni Pasha , Grand Vizier (1874–1875)Ahmed Esad Pasha , Grand Vizier (1875)Mahmud Nedim Pasha , Grand Vizier (1875–1876)Mehmed Rushdi Pasha , Grand Vizier (1876–1876)Midhat Pasha , Grand Vizier (1876–1877)Ibrahim Edhem Pasha , Grand Vizier (1877–1878)Ahmed Hamdi Pasha , Grand Vizier (1878)Ahmed Vefik Pasha , Grand Vizier (1878)Mehmed Sadık Pasha , Grand Vizier (1878)Mehmed Rushdi Pasha , Grand Vizier (1878)Saffet Pasha , Grand Vizier (1878)Hayreddin Pasha , Grand Vizier (1878–1879)Ahmed Arifi Pasha , Grand Vizier (1879)Mehmed Said Pasha , Grand Vizier (1879–1880)Kadri Pasha , Grand Vizier (1880)Mehmed Said Pasha , Grand Vizier (1880–1882)Abdurrahman Nureddin Pasha , Grand Vizier (1882)Mehmed Said Pasha , Grand Vizier (1882)Ahmed Vefik Pasha , Grand Vizier (1882)Mehmed Said Pasha , Grand Vizier (1882–1885)Kâmil Pasha , Grand Vizier (1885–1891)Ahmed Cevad Pasha , Grand Vizier (1891–1895)Mehmed Said Pasha , Grand Vizier (1895)Kâmil Pasha , Grand Vizier (1895)Halil Rifat Pasha , Grand Vizier (1895–1901)United Arab Emirates: Trucial States
Yemen
'Amm Dayb ibn 'Ali al-Yaslami al-'Awlaqi, Amir (?) Ruways ibn 'Amm Dayb al-Yaslami al-'Awlaqi, Amir (?) Nasir ibn Ruways al-Yaslami al-'Awlaqi, Amir (?) Farid ibn Nasir al-Yaslami al-'Awlaqi, Amir (c.1871–1883) Ruways ibn Farid al-Yaslami al-'Awlaqi, Amir (1883–1890) 'Amm Rassas ibn Farid al-Yaslami al-'Awlaqi, Amir (1890–1902) 'Abd Allah ibn Farid, Sultan (?–1862) 'Awad ibn 'Abd Allah, Sultan (1862–1879) 'Abd Allah ibn 'Awad, Sultan (1879–1887) Salih ibn 'Abd Allah, Sultan (1887–1935) Thaifallah, Amir (?) Mubarak, Amir (?) Muhsin, Amir (?–1903) Shafa`ul ibn 'Abd al-Hadi al-'Amiri, Emir (?–1872) 'Ali ibn Muqbil al-'Amiri, Emir (1872–1873, 1874, 1878–1886) Muhammad ibn Musa`id al-'Amiri, Emir (1873–1873) 'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-'Amiri, Emir (1874–1878) Sha´if ibn Sayf al-'Amiri, Emir (1886–1911) Ghalib ibn Muhsin al-Kathir, Sultan (1830–1880) al-Mansur ibn Ghalib al-Kathir, Sultan (1880–1929) 'Ali I ibn Muhsin al-'Abdali, Sultan (1849–1863) al-Fadl III ibn 'Ali al-'Abdali, Sultan (1863–1863, 1874–1898) al-Fadl IV ibn Muhsin al-'Abdali, Sultan (1863–1874) Ahmad III ibn al-Fadl al-'Abdali, Sultan (1898–1914) Ahmad ibn Sa`d Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (mid-19th century) 'Abd Allah ibn Sa`d Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (mid-19th century) 'Abd Allah ibn Salim Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (mid-19th century) 'Ali ibn 'Abd Allah Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (late-19th century–1907) al-Husayn ibn 'Abd Allah, Sultan (?) 'Abd Allah ibn al-Husayn, Sultan (?) Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Wahidi, Sultan (?–1877) Salih ibn Ahmad, Sultan (1877–1881) 'Umar ibn al-Husayn al-Wahidi, Sultan (1881–1881) Muhsin ibn 'Ali al-Wahidi, Sultan (1850–1870) 'Abd Allah ibn 'Umar al-Wahidi, Sultan (1870–1881) 'Abd Allah ibn 'Umar, Sultan (1881–1885) al-Hadi ibn Salih al-Wahidi, Sultan (1885–1892) Muhsin ibn Salih al-Wahidi, Sultan (1892–1893) Salih ibn 'Abd Allah al-Wahidi, Sultan (1893–1904) 'Abd Allah ibn al-Husayn al-Wahidi, Sultan (1850–1870) Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Wahidi, Sultan (1870–1877) Salih ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi, Sultan (1877–1881) Nasir ibn Salih al-Wahidi, Sultan (1885–1919) Ahmad ibn Ali al-Afifi, ruler (1841–1873, 1891–1893) Ali II ibn Ahmad al-Afifi, ruler (1873–1885) Muhsin I ibn Ahmad al-Afifi, ruler (1885–1891) Abu Bakr ibn Sha'if al-Afifi, ruler (1893–1899) Abd Allah ibn Muhsin al-Afifi, ruler (1899–1916) 'Abd Allah ibn Nasir ibn Salih Al Harhara, Sultan (c.1840–1866) al-Husayn ibn Abi Bakr ibn Qahtan Al Harhara, Sultan (1866–1875) Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Salih ibn Ahmad Al Harhara, Sultan (1875–1895) Qahtan ibn 'Umar ibn al-Husayn Al Harhara, Sultan (1895–1903)
Europe
Europe: Balkans Bulgaria
Croatia
part of the Habsburg monarchy , also part of the Lands of the Hungarian Crown part of the Austrian Empire Greece
Antonios Kriezis , Prime minister (1849–1854)Alexandros Mavrokordatos , Prime minister (1854–1855)Dimitrios Voulgaris , Prime minister (1855–1857)Athanasios Miaoulis , Prime minister (1857–1862)Gennaios Kolokotronis , Prime minister (1862)Dimitrios Voulgaris , Prime minister (1862–1863)Aristeidis Moraitinis , Prime minister (1863)Zinovios Valvis , Prime minister (1863)Diomidis Kyriakos , Prime minister (1863)Benizelos Roufos , Prime minister (1863)Dimitrios Voulgaris , Prime minister (1863–1864)Konstantinos Kanaris , Prime minister (1864)Zinovios Valvis , Prime minister (1864)Konstantinos Kanaris , Prime minister (1864–1865)Alexandros Koumoundouros , Prime minister (1865)Epameinondas Deligeorgis , Prime minister (1865)Benizelos Roufos , Prime minister (1865)Dimitrios Voulgaris , Prime minister (1865)Alexandros Koumoundouros , Prime minister (1865)Epameinondas Deligeorgis , Prime minister (1865)Benizelos Roufos , Prime minister (1865–1866)Dimitrios Voulgaris , Prime minister (1866)Alexandros Koumoundouros , Prime minister (1866–1867)Aristeidis Moraitinis , Prime minister (1867–1868)Dimitrios Voulgaris , Prime minister (1868–1869)Thrasyvoulos Zaimis , Prime minister (1869–1870)Epameinondas Deligeorgis , Prime minister (1870)Alexandros Koumoundouros , Prime minister (1870–1871)Thrasyvoulos Zaimis , Prime minister (1871–1872)Dimitrios Voulgaris , Prime minister (1872)Epameinondas Deligeorgis , Prime minister (1872–1874)Dimitrios Voulgaris , Prime minister (1874–1875)Charilaos Trikoupis , Prime minister (1875)Alexandros Koumoundouros , Prime minister (1875–1876)Epameinondas Deligeorgis , Prime minister (1876)Alexandros Koumoundouros , Prime minister (1876–1877)Epameinondas Deligeorgis , Prime minister (1877)Alexandros Koumoundouros , Prime minister (1877)Konstantinos Kanaris , Prime minister (1877)Alexandros Koumoundouros , Prime minister (1877–1878)Charilaos Trikoupis , Prime minister (1878)Alexandros Koumoundouros , Prime minister (1878–1880)Charilaos Trikoupis , Prime minister (1880)Alexandros Koumoundouros , Prime minister (1880–1882)Charilaos Trikoupis , Prime minister (1882–1885)Theodoros Diligiannis , Prime minister (1885–1886)Dimitrios Valvis , Prime minister (1886)Charilaos Trikoupis , Prime minister (1886–1890)Theodoros Diligiannis , Prime minister (1890–1892)Konstantinos Konstantopoulos , Prime minister (1892)Charilaos Trikoupis , Prime minister (1892–1893)Sotirios Sotiropoulos , Prime minister (1893)Charilaos Trikoupis , Prime minister (1893–1895)Nikolaos Deligiannis , Prime minister (1895)Theodoros Diligiannis , Prime minister (1895–1897)Dimitrios Rallis , Prime minister (1897)Alexandros Zaimis , Prime minister (1897–1899)Georgios Theotokis , Prime minister (1899–1901)Autonomous state of the Ottoman Empire , establishment by the Great Powers , 1898–1913 British protectorate, 1815–1864 For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe Kosovo
administrative division of the Ottoman Empire , under Austro-Hungarian occupation 1878–1913 Montenegro
Petar II , Prince-bishop (1830–1851)Danilo II , Prince-Bishop (1851–1852), Prince (1852–1860)Danilo II , Prince-Bishop (1851–1852), Prince (1852–1860)Nikola I , Sovereign prince (1860–1910), King (1910–1918)Serbia
Avram Petronijević , Prime minister (1844–1852)Ilija Garašanin , Prime minister (1852–1853)Aleksa Simić , Prime minister (1853–1855)Aleksa Janković , Prime minister (1855–1856)Stevan Marković , Prime minister (1856)Aleksa Simić , Prime minister (1856–1857)Stevan Marković , Prime minister (1857–1858)Stevan Magazinović , Prime minister (1858–1859)Cvetko Rajović , Prime minister (1859–1860)Filip Hristić , Prime minister (1860–1861)Ilija Garašanin , President of the ministry (1861–1867)Jovan Ristić , President of the ministry (1867)Nikola Hristić , President of the ministry (1867–1868)Đorđe Cenić , President of the ministry (1868–1869)Radivoje Milojković , President of the ministry (1869–1872)Milivoje Petrović Blaznavac , President of the ministry (1872–1873)Jovan Ristić , President of the ministry (1873)Jovan Marinović , President of the ministry (1873–1874)Aćim Čumić , President of the ministry (1874–1875)Danilo Stefanović , President of the ministry (1875)Stevča Mihailović , President of the ministry (1875)Ljubomir Kaljević , President of the ministry (1875–1876)Stevča Mihailović , President of the ministry (1876–1878)Jovan Ristić , President of the ministry (1878–1880)Milan Piroćanac , President of the ministry (1880–1882)Milan Piroćanac , President of the ministry (1882–1883)Nikola Hristić , President of the ministry (1883–1884)Milutin Garašanin , President of the ministry (1884–1887)Jovan Ristić , President of the ministry (1887–1888)Sava Grujić , President of the ministry (1888)Nikola Hristić , President of the ministry (1888–1889)Kosta Protić , President of the ministry (1889)Sava Grujić , President of the ministry (1889–1891)Nikola Pašić , President of the ministry (1891–1892)Jovan Avakumović , President of the ministry (1892–1893)Lazar Dokić , President of the ministry (1893)Sava Grujić , President of the ministry (1893–1894)Đorđe Simić , President of the ministry (1894)Svetomir Nikolajević , President of the ministry (1894)Nikola Hristić , President of the ministry (1894–1895)Stojan Novaković , President of the ministry (1895–1896)Đorđe Simić , President of the ministry (1896–1897)Vladan Đorđević , President of the ministry (1897–1900)Aleksa Jovanović , President of the ministry (1900–1901)Slovenia
Europe: British Isles John Russell , Prime minister (1846–1852)Edward Smith-Stanley , Prime minister (1852)George Hamilton-Gordon , Prime minister (1852–1855)Henry John Temple , Prime minister (1855–1858)Edward Smith-Stanley , Prime minister (1858–1859)Henry John Temple , Prime minister (1859–1865)John Russell , Prime minister (1865–1866)Edward Smith-Stanley , Prime minister (1866–1868)Benjamin Disraeli , Prime minister (1868)William Ewart Gladstone , Prime minister (1868–1874)Benjamin Disraeli , Prime minister (1874–1880)William Ewart Gladstone , Prime minister (1880–1885)Robert Gascoyne-Cecil , Prime minister (1885–1886)William Ewart Gladstone , Prime minister (1886)Robert Gascoyne-Cecil , Prime minister (1886–1892)William Ewart Gladstone , Prime minister (1892–1894)Archibald Primrose , Prime minister (1894–1895)Robert Gascoyne-Cecil , Prime minister (1895–1902)
Europe: Central Germany Empire
Austria-Hungary
Habsburg-Lorraine ruled under numerous simultaneous titlesBohemia
Liechtenstein
Switzerland
Josef Munzinger , President of the Confederation (1851)Jonas Furrer , President of the Confederation (1852)Wilhelm Matthias Naeff , President of the Confederation (1853)Friedrich Frey-Herosé , President of the Confederation (1854)Jonas Furrer , President of the Confederation (1855)Jakob Stämpfli , President of the Confederation (1856)Constant Fornerod , President of the Confederation (1857)Jonas Furrer , President of the Confederation (1858)Jakob Stämpfli , President of the Confederation (1859)Friedrich Frey-Herosé , President of the Confederation (1860)Melchior Josef Martin Knüsel , President of the Confederation (1861)Jakob Stämpfli , President of the Confederation (1862)Constant Fornerod , President of the Confederation (1863)Jakob Dubs , President of the Confederation (1864)Karl Schenk , President of the Confederation (1865)Melchior Josef Martin Knüsel , President of the Confederation (1866)Constant Fornerod , President of the Confederation (1867)Jakob Dubs , President of the Confederation (1868)Emil Welti , President of the Confederation (1869)Jakob Dubs , President of the Confederation (1870)Karl Schenk , President of the Confederation (1871)Emil Welti , President of the Confederation (1872)Paul Cérésole , President of the Confederation (1873)Karl Schenk , President of the Confederation (1874)Johann Jakob Scherer , President of the Confederation (1875)Emil Welti , President of the Confederation (1876)Joachim Heer , President of the Confederation (1877)Karl Schenk , President of the Confederation (1878)Bernhard Hammer , President of the Confederation (1879)Emil Welti , President of the Confederation (1880)Numa Droz , President of the Confederation (1881)Simeon Bavier , President of the Confederation (1882)Louis Ruchonnet , President of the Confederation (1883)Emil Welti , President of the Confederation (1884)Karl Schenk , President of the Confederation (1885)Adolf Deucher , President of the Confederation (1886)Numa Droz , President of the Confederation (1887)Wilhelm Hertenstein , President of the Confederation (1888)Bernhard Hammer , President of the Confederation (1888–1889)Louis Ruchonnet , President of the Confederation (1890)Emil Welti , President of the Confederation (1891)Walter Hauser , President of the Confederation (1892)Karl Schenk , President of the Confederation (1893)Emil Frey , President of the Confederation (1894)Josef Zemp , President of the Confederation (1895)Adrien Lachenal , President of the Confederation (1896)Adolf Deucher , President of the Confederation (1897)Eugène Ruffy , President of the Confederation (1898)Eduard Müller , President of the Confederation (1899)Walter Hauser , President of the Confederation (1900)
Constituent states of the Confederation of the Rhine and German Confederation These are leaders of constituent states from the German mediatisation in 1806 until the dissolution of the German Confederation in 1866. Leaders of constituent states within the Holy Roman Empire are excluded up to the time of German mediatisation (1801–1806).
re-united to Anhalt Leopold III , Prince (1751–1758), Duke (1758–1817), Regent of Anhalt-Köthen (1812–1817)Leopold IV , Duke of Anhalt-Dessau (1817–1863), of Anhalt-Köthen (1847–1863), of Anhalt (1863–1871), Regent of Anhalt-Köthen (1817–1818)Friedrich Carl Hector Wilhelm Freiherr von Günderrode, Senior Mayor (1851) Johann Georg Neuburg [de] , Senior Mayor (1852) Carl Heinrich Georg von Heyden, Senior Mayor (1853) Johann Georg Neuburg, Senior Mayor (1854) Eduard Ludwig von Harnier [de] , Senior Mayor (1855) Johann Georg Neuburg, Senior Mayor (1856) Eduard Ludwig von Harnier, Senior Mayor (1857) Johann Georg Neuburg, Senior Mayor (1858) Eduard Ludwig von Harnier, Senior Mayor (1859) Samuel Gottlieb Müller, Senior Mayor (1860) Friedrich Carl Hector Wilhelm Freiherr von Günderrode, Senior Mayor (1861) Johann Georg Neuburg, Senior Mayor (1862) Samuel Gottlieb Müller, Senior Mayor (1863) Anton Heinrich Emil von Oven [de] , Senior Mayor (1864) Philipp Friedrich Gwinner [de] , Senior Mayor (1865) Karl Konstanz Viktor Fellner [de] , Senior Mayor (1866) Wolfgang Ernest III, Prince (1820–1866) Johann Joachim Friedrich Torkuhl [de] , Mayor (1851–1852) Johann Hermann Eschenburg [de] , Mayor (1851–1852) Bernhard Heinrich Frister [de] , Mayor (1853–1854) Karl Ludwig Roeck [de] , Mayor (1855–1856) Johann Hermann Eschenburg [de] , Mayor (1857–1858) Johann Joachim Friedrich Torkuhl [de] , Mayor (1857–1858) Karl Ludwig Roeck [de] , Mayor (1859–1860) Heinrich Brehmer [de] , Mayor (1861–1862) Karl Ludwig Roeck [de] , Mayor (1863–1864) Heinrich Brehmer [de] , Mayor (1865–1866) Wilhelm Friedrich, Prince (1816–1865) Otto I, Prince (1865–1892) Günther Friedrich Carl II [de] , Prince (1835–1880)
Europe: East Romania
Provisional Government (1848)Locotenența domnească , Regency of three (1848)Omar Pasha and Alexander von Lüders , military commanders (1848–1851)Constantin Cantacuzino , Kaymakam (1848)Barbu Știrbei , Prince (1848–1853, 854–1856)Russian occupation (1853–1854) Ottoman occupation (1854) Johann Coronini-Cronberg , military commander (1854–1856)Protectorate established by the Treaty of Paris (1856–1859) Alexandru II Ghica , Kaymakam (1856–1858)Ioan Manu , Emanoil Băleanu , Ioan A. Filipescu, Caimacam of three (1858–1859)Alexander John Cuza , Prince (1859–1862)Barbu Catargiu , Prime minister (1862)Apostol Arsache , acting Prime minister (1862)Nicolae Crețulescu , Prime minister (1862–1863, 1865–1866)Mihail Kogălniceanu , Prime minister (1863–1865)Constantin Bosianu , Prime minister (1865)Ion Ghica , Prime minister (1866, 1866–1867, 1870–1871)Lascăr Catargiu , Prime minister (1866, 1871–1876, 1889, 1891–1895)Constantin A. Crețulescu , Prime minister (1867)Ștefan Golescu , Prime minister (1867–1868)Nicolae Golescu , Prime minister (1868)Dimitrie Ghica , Prime minister (1868–1870)Alexandru G. Golescu , Prime minister (1870)Manolache Costache Epureanu , Prime minister (1870, 1876)Ion Emanuel Florescu , Prime minister (1876, 1891)Ion C. Brătianu , Prime minister (1876–1881, 1881–1888)Ion C. Brătianu , Prime minister (1881, 1881–1888)Dimitrie Brătianu , Prime minister (1881)Theodor Rosetti , Prime minister (1881–1888)Lascăr Catargiu , Prime minister (1866, 1871–1876, 1889, 1891–1895)Ion Emanuel Florescu , Prime minister (1876, 1891)Dimitrie Sturdza , Prime minister (1895–1896, 1897–1899)Petre S. Aurelian , Prime minister (1896–1897)Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino , Prime minister (1899–1900)Petre P. Carp , Prime minister (1900–1901)Russia
Ukraine
1804–1918, crownland of the Austrian Empire
Europe: Nordic Denmark
Adam Wilhelm Moltke , Prime minister (1848–1852)Christian Albrecht Bluhme , Prime minister (1852–1853)Anders Sandøe Ørsted , Prime minister (1853–1854)Peter Georg Bang , Prime minister (1854–1855), Council president (1855–1856)Carl Christoffer Georg Andræ , Council president (1856–1857)Carl Christian Hall , Council president (1857–1859)Carl Edvard Rotwitt , Council president (1859–1860)Carl Christian Hall , Council president (1860–1863)Ditlev Gothard Monrad , Council president (1863–1864)Christian Albrecht Bluhme , Council president (1864–1865)Christian Emil Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs , Council president (1865–1870)Ludvig Holstein-Holsteinborg , Council president (1870–1874)Christen Andreas Fonnesbech , Council president (1874–1875)Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup , Council president (1875–1894)Tage Reedtz-Thott , Council president (1894–1897)Hugo Egmont Hørring , Council president (1897–1900)Hannibal Sehested , Council president (1900–1901)Finland
Sweden–Norway
First ministers in Christiania, Norway Prime ministers in Christiania, Norway
Europe: Southcentral Italy
Camillo Benso , Prime minister (1861)Bettino Ricasoli , Prime minister (1861–1862)Urbano Rattazzi , Prime minister (1862)Luigi Carlo Farini , Prime minister (1862–1863)Marco Minghetti , Prime minister (1863–1864)Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora , Prime minister (1864–1866)Bettino Ricasoli , Prime minister (1866–1867)Urbano Rattazzi , Prime minister (1867)Luigi Federico Menabrea , Prime minister (1867–1869)Giovanni Lanza , Prime minister (1869–1873)Marco Minghetti , Prime minister (1873–1876)Agostino Depretis , Prime minister (1876–1878)Benedetto Cairoli , Prime minister (1878)Agostino Depretis , Prime minister (1878–1879)Benedetto Cairoli , Prime minister (1879–1881)Agostino Depretis , Prime minister (1881–1887)Francesco Crispi , Prime minister (1887–1891)Antonio Starabba , Prime minister (1891–1892)Giovanni Giolitti , Prime minister (1892–1893)Francesco Crispi , Prime minister (1893–1896)Antonio Starabba , Prime minister (1896–1898)Luigi Pelloux , Prime minister (1898–1900)Giuseppe Saracco , Prime minister (1900–1901)Malta
British colony, 1813–1964 For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe San Marino
Giambattista Bonelli, Marino Berti, Captains Regent (1850–1851) Francesco Guidi Giangi, Marco Suzzi Valli, Captains Regent (1851) Domenic' Antonio Bartolotti, Antonio Para, Captains Regent (1851–1852) Melchiorre Filippi, Pietro Righi, Captains Regent (1852) Filippo Belluzzi, Gaetano Simoncini, Captains Regent (1852–1853) Domenico Maria Belzoppi , Pier Matteo Berti, Captains Regent (1853)Giambattista Braschi, Francesco Valli, Captains Regent (1853–1854) Girolamo Gozi, Pietro Ugolini, Captains Regent (1854) Francesco Guidi Giangi, Pietro Barbieri, Captains Regent (1854–1855) Gaetano Belluzzi (represented by Filippo Belluzzi), Francesco Rossini, Captains Regent (1855) Giovanni Benedetto Belluzzi, Marino Masi, Captains Regent (1855–1856) Giuseppe Filippi , Pietro Righi, Captains Regent (1856)Melchiorre Filippi, Gaetano Simoncini, Captains Regent (1856–1857) Innocenzo Bonelli , Domenico Fattori , Captains Regent (1857)Settimio Belluzzi, Giacomo Berti, Captains Regent (1857–1858) Francesco Guidi Giangi, Marino Malpeli, Captains Regent (1858) Filippo Belluzzi, Pasquale Marcucci, Captains Regent (1858–1859) Giuliano Belluzzi, Michele Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1859) Palamede Malpeli, Pier Matteo Berti, Captains Regent (1859–1860) Giuseppe Filippi , Pietro Righi, Captains Regent (1860)Gaetano Belluzzi, Costanzo Damiani, Captains Regent (1860–1861) Settimio Belluzzi, Giacomo Berti, Captains Regent (1861) Melchiorre Filippi, Domenico Fattori , Captains Regent (1861–1862) Innocenzo Bonelli , Gaetano Simoncini, Captains Regent (1862)Francesco Guidi Giangi, Pietro Tonnini, Captains Regent (1862–1863) Giuliano Belluzzi, Michele Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1863) Giuseppe Filippi , Francesco Casali, Captains Regent (1863–1864)Gaetano Belluzzi, Pietro Righi, Captains Regent (1864) Palamede Malpeli, Pasquale Marcucci, Captains Regent (1864–1865) Settimio Belluzzi, Giacomo Berti, Captains Regent (1865) Filippo Belluzzi, Silvestro Masi, Captains Regent (1865–1866) Innocenzo Bonelli , Michele Vita, Captains Regent (1866)Melchiorre Filippi, Domenico Fattori , Captains Regent (1866–1867) Giuliano Belluzzi, Michele Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1867) Gaetano Simoncini, Pietro Righi, Captains Regent (1867–1868) Palamede Malpeli, Giuseppe Vagnini, Captains Regent (1868) Pietro Tonnini, Sante Lonfernini, Captains Regent (1868–1869) Filippo Belluzzi, Francesco Malpeli, Captains Regent (1869) Settimio Belluzzi, Giacomo Berti, Captains Regent (1869–1870) Innocenzo Bonelli , Ortollero Grazia, Captains Regent (1870)Melchiorre Filippi, Domenico Fattori , Captains Regent (1870–1871) Gaetano Simoncini, Pietro Ugolini, Captains Regent (1871) Palamede Malpeli, Luigi Pasquali, Captains Regent (1871–1872) Giuliano Belluzzi, Pietro Berti , Captains Regent (1872) Federico Gozi, Francesco Malpeli, Captains Regent (1872–1873) Settimio Belluzzi, Francesco Marcucci, Captains Regent (1873) Giuseppe Filippi , Marino Fattori , Captains Regent (1873–1874)Filippo Belluzzi, Marino Babboni, Captains Regent (1874) Gaetano Simoncini, Domenico Fattori , Captains Regent (1874–1875) Palamede Malpeli, Luigi Pasquali, Captains Regent (1875) Pietro Tonnini, Giuseppe Giacomini, Captains Regent (1875–1876) Gaetano Belluzzi, Sante Lonfernini, Captains Regent (1876) Settimio Belluzzi, Michele Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1876–1877) Innocenzo Bonelli , Andrea Barbieri, Captains Regent (1877)Giuliano Belluzzi, Pietro Ugolini, Captains Regent (1877–1878) Domenico Fattori , Marino Babboni, Captains Regent (1878)Camillo Bonelli , Pietro Berti , Captains Regent (1878–1879)Gaetano Simoncini, Marino Nicolini, Captains Regent (1879) Federico Gozi, Francesco Malpeli, Captains Regent (1879–1880) Luigi Pasquali, Giuseppe Giacomini, Captains Regent (1880) Settimio Belluzzi, Pasquale Busignani, Captains Regent (1880–1881) Antonio Belluzzi, Marino Martelli, Captains Regent (1881) Domenico Fattori , Teodoro Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1881–1882)Marino Fattori , Francesco Marcucci, Captains Regent (1882)Giuliano Belluzzi, Michele Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1882–1883) Pietro Tonnini, Sante Lonfernini, Captains Regent (1883) Pietro Filippi , Pietro Berti , Captains Regent (1883–1884)Settimio Belluzzi, Francesco Malpeli, Captains Regent (1884) Federico Gozi, Antonio Righi, Captains Regent (1884–1885) Luigi Pasquali, Pasquale Busignani, Captains Regent (1885) Antonio Michetti, Marino Nicolini, Captains Regent (1885–1886) Domenico Fattori , Teodoro Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1886)Gaetano Simoncini, Pietro Ugolini, Captains Regent (1886–1887) Marino Fattori , Settimio Lonfernini, Captains Regent (1887)Pietro Filippi , Federico Martelli, Captains Regent (1887–1888)Settimio Belluzzi, Marino Marcucci, Captains Regent (1888) Federico Gozi, Antonio Righi, Captains Regent (1888–1889) Menetto Bonelli, Marino Babboni, Captains Regent (1889) Domenico Fattori , Marino Nicolini, Captains Regent (1889–1890)Pietro Tonnini, Francesco Marcucci, Captains Regent (1890) Giuliano Belluzzi, Pietro Ugolini, Captains Regent (1890–1891) Pietro Filippi , Federico Martelli, Captains Regent (1891)Antonio Michetti, Pasquale Busignani, Captains Regent (1891–1892) Federico Gozi, Silvestro Vita, Captains Regent (1892) Gemino Gozi, Giacomo Marcucci, Captains Regent (1892–1893) Menetto Bonelli, Marino Babboni, Captains Regent (1893) Marino Fattori , Pietro Francini, Captains Regent (1893–1894)Pietro Tonnini/ Giuliano Belluzzi, Francesco Marcucci, Captains Regent (1894) Settimio Belluzzi, Marino Borbiconi, Captains Regent (1894–1895) Domenico Fattori , Antonio Righi, Captains Regent (1895)Federico Gozi, Vincenzo Mularoni, Captains Regent (1895–1896) Giovanni Bonelli, Settimio Lonfernini, Captains Regent (1896) Menetto Bonelli, Marino Babboni, Captains Regent (1896–1897) Luigi Tonnini, Teodoro Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1897) Antonio Belluzzi, Pasquale Busignani, Captains Regent (1897–1898) Pietro Filippi , Onofrio Fattori, Captains Regent (1898)Marino Borbiconi, Francesco Marcucci, Captains Regent (1898–1899) Gemino Gozi, Giacomo Marcucci, Captains Regent (1899) Federico Gozi, Silvestro Vita, Captains Regent (1899–1900) Domenico Fattori , Antonio Righi, Captains Regent (1900)Giovanni Bonelli, Pietro Ugolini, Captains Regent (1900–1901) Vatican City
Europe: Southwest Andorra
Napoléon III , French Co-Prince (1848–1870)Adolphe Thiers , French Co-Prince (1871–1873)Patrice de Mac-Mahon , French Co-Prince (1873–1879)Jules Armand Dufaure , Acting French Co-Prince (1879)Jules Grévy , French Co-Prince (1879–1887)Maurice Rouvier , Acting French Co-Prince (1887)Marie François Sadi Carnot , French Co-Prince (1887–1894)Charles Dupuy , Acting French Co-Prince (1894)Jean Casimir-Perier , French Co-Prince (1894–1895)Charles Dupuy , Acting French Co-Prince (1895)Félix Faure , French Co-Prince (1895–1899)Charles Dupuy , Acting French Co-Prince (1899)Émile Loubet , French Co-Prince (1899–1906)Portugal
António Bernardo da Costa Cabral , Prime minister (1849–1851)António Severim de Noronha , Prime minister (1851)João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira e Daun , Prime minister (1851–1856)Nuno José de Moura Barreto , Prime minister (1856–1859)António Severim de Noronha , Prime minister (1859–1860)Joaquim António de Aguiar , Prime minister (1860)Nuno José de Moura Barreto , Prime minister (1860–1865)Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo , Prime minister (1865)Joaquim António de Aguiar , Prime minister (1865–1868)António José de Ávila , Prime minister (1868)Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo , Prime minister (1868–1869)Nuno José de Moura Barreto , Prime minister (1869–1870)João Carlos Saldanha de Oliveira Daun , Prime minister (1870)Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo , Prime minister (1870)António José de Ávila , Prime minister (1870–1871)Fontes Pereira de Melo , Prime minister (1871–1877)António José de Ávila , Prime minister (1877–1878)Fontes Pereira de Melo , Prime minister (1878–1879)Anselmo José Braamcamp , Prime minister (1879–1881)António Rodrigues Sampaio , Prime minister (1881)Fontes Pereira de Melo , Prime minister (1881–1886)José Luciano de Castro , Prime minister (1886–1890)António de Serpa Pimentel , Prime minister (1890)João Crisóstomo , Prime minister (1890–1892)José Dias Ferreira , Prime minister (1892–1893)Ernesto Hintze Ribeiro , Prime minister (1893–1897)José Luciano de Castro , Prime minister (1897–1900)Ernesto Hintze Ribeiro , Prime minister (1900–1904)Spain
Antonio Cánovas del Castillo , Prime minister (1874–1875)Joaquín Jovellar y Soler , Prime minister (1875)Antonio Cánovas del Castillo , Prime minister (1875–1879)Arsenio Martínez-Campos y Antón , Prime minister (1879)Antonio Cánovas del Castillo , Prime minister (1879–1881)Práxedes Mateo Sagasta , Prime minister (1881–1883)José Posada Herrera , Prime minister (1883–1884)Antonio Cánovas del Castillo , Prime minister (1884–1885)Práxedes Mateo Sagasta , Prime minister (1885–1890)Antonio Cánovas del Castillo , Prime minister (1890–1892)Práxedes Mateo Sagasta , Prime minister (1892–1895)Antonio Cánovas del Castillo , Prime minister (1895–1897)Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero , Prime minister (1897)Práxedes Mateo Sagasta , Prime minister (1897–1899)Francisco Silvela , Prime minister (1899–1900)Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero , Prime minister (1900–1901)
Europe: West Belgium
Charles Rogier , Prime minister (1847–1852)Henri de Brouckère , Prime minister (1852–1855)Pierre de Decker , Prime minister (1855–1857)Charles Rogier , Prime minister (1857–1868)Walthère Frère-Orban , Prime minister (1868–1870)Jules d'Anethan , Prime minister (1870–1871)Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt , Prime minister (1871–1874)Jules Malou , Prime minister (1874–1878)Walthère Frère-Orban , Prime minister (1878–1884)Jules Malou , Prime minister (1884)Auguste Beernaert , Prime minister (1884–1894)Jules de Burlet , Prime minister (1894–1896)Paul de Smet de Naeyer , Prime minister (1896–1899)Jules Vandenpeereboom , Prime minister (1899)Paul de Smet de Naeyer , Prime minister (1899–1907)France
Louis Jules Trochu , Interim Head of state (1870–1871)Adolphe Thiers , President (1871–1873)Patrice de Mac-Mahon , President (1873–1879)Jules Armand Dufaure , Acting President (1879)Jules Grévy , President (1879–1887)Maurice Rouvier , Acting President (1887)Marie François Sadi Carnot , President (1887–1894)Charles Dupuy , Acting President (1894)Jean Casimir-Perier , President (1894–1895)Charles Dupuy , Acting President (1895)Félix Faure , President (1895–1899)Charles Dupuy , Acting President (1899)Émile Loubet , President (1899–1906)Louis-Jules Trochu , President of the Council of ministers (1870–1871)Jules Armand Dufaure , President of the Council of ministers (1871–1873)Albert, duc de Broglie , President of the Council of ministers (1873–1874)Ernest Courtot de Cissey , President of the Council of ministers (1874–1875)Louis Buffet , President of the Council of ministers (1875–1876)Jules Armand Dufaure , President of the Council of ministers (1876)Jules Simon , President of the Council of ministers (1876–1877)Albert, duc de Broglie , President of the Council of ministers (1877)Gaëtan de Rochebouët , President of the Council of ministers (1877)Jules Armand Dufaure , President of the Council of ministers (1877–1879)William Waddington , President of the Council of ministers (1879)Charles de Freycinet , President of the Council of ministers (1879–1880)Jules Ferry , President of the Council of ministers (1880–1881)Léon Gambetta , President of the Council of ministers (1881–1882)Charles de Freycinet , President of the Council of ministers (1882)Charles Duclerc , President of the Council of ministers (1882–1883)Armand Fallières , President of the Council of ministers (1883)Jules Ferry , President of the Council of ministers (1883–1885)Henri Brisson , President of the Council of ministers (1885–1886)Charles de Freycinet , President of the Council of ministers (1886)René Goblet , President of the Council of ministers (1886–1887)Maurice Rouvier , President of the Council of ministers (1887)Pierre Tirard , President of the Council of ministers (1887–1888)Charles Floquet , President of the Council of ministers (1888–1889)Pierre Tirard , President of the Council of ministers (1889–1890)Charles de Freycinet , President of the Council of ministers (1890–1892)Émile Loubet , President of the Council of ministers (1892)Alexandre Ribot , President of the Council of ministers (1892–1893)Charles Dupuy , President of the Council of ministers (1893)Jean Casimir-Perier , President of the Council of ministers (1893–1894)Charles Dupuy , President of the Council of ministers (1894–1895)Alexandre Ribot , President of the Council of ministers (1895)Léon Bourgeois , President of the Council of ministers (1895–1896)Jules Méline , President of the Council of ministers (1896–1898)Henri Brisson , President of the Council of ministers (1898)Charles Dupuy , President of the Council of ministers (1898–1899)Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau , President of the Council of ministers (1899–1902)Luxembourg
Monaco
Netherlands
Johan Rudolph Thorbecke , Prime minister (1849–1853)Floris Adriaan van Hall , Prime minister (1853–1856)Justinus van der Brugghen , Prime minister (1856–1858)Jan Jacob Rochussen , Prime minister (1858–1860)Floris Adriaan van Hall , Prime minister (1860–1861)Jacob van Zuylen van Nijevelt , Prime minister (1861)Schelto van Heemstra , Prime minister (1861–1862)Johan Rudolph Thorbecke , Prime minister (1862–1866)Isaäc Dignus Fransen van de Putte , Prime minister (1866)Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt , Prime minister (1866–1868)Pieter Philip van Bosse , Prime minister (1868–1871)Johan Rudolph Thorbecke , Prime minister (1871–1872)Gerrit de Vries , Prime minister (1872–1874)Jan Heemskerk , Prime minister (1874–1877)Jan Kappeyne van de Coppello , Prime minister (1877–1879)Theo van Lynden van Sandenburg , Prime minister (1879–1883)Jan Heemskerk , Prime minister (1883–1888)Æneas Mackay , Prime minister (1888–1891)Gijsbert van Tienhoven , Prime minister (1891–1894)Joan Röell , Prime minister (1894–1897)Nicolaas Pierson , Prime minister (1897–1901)
Eurasia: Caucasus Azerbaijan
Georgia
Russia: Dagestan
Aglar ibn Umar, Khan (1847–1859) Jafar ibn Aglar, Khan (1877–1877)
Oceania
Australia and Papua New Guinea Australia
British colony, 1788–1900 For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe Papua New Guinea
German colony, 1884–1919 For details see the German Empire under central Europe British protectorate, 1884–1888 British colony, 1888–1902 For details see the United Kingdom under the British Isles, Europe
Pacific Chile
Nga'ara , King (c.1835–pre-1860)Maurata, King (1859–1862) Kai Mako'i 'Iti, King (?–1863) Tepito,[30] King (?) Gregorio,[30] King (?) Atamu Tekena , King (?–pre-1892)[31] Fiji
British colony, 1874–1970 For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe French Polynesia
Filipo Meitala, King (1844–1862) Alia Segi, King (1862–?) Soane Malia Musulamu, King (c.1887–1929) Petelo Keletaona, King (1842–1851) Alefosio Tamole, King (1851–?) Anise Tamole, King (c.1887) Protectorate of France, 1887/1888–1959 New Zealand
British colony, 1891–1901 For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe British colony, 1841–1907 For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe Galiga, Patu-iki (?) Foki-mata, Patu-iki (?–c.1874) Pakieto, Patu-iki (c.1874–c.1875) Tui-toga, Patu-iki (1885–1887) Fata-a-iki , Patu-iki (1887–1896)Togia-Pulu-toaki , Patu-iki (1898–1900)British protectorate, 1900–1907 For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe British protectorate, 1888–1901 For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe Samoa and American Samoa
German colony, 1900–1914 For details see the German Empire under central Europe Tauveve, Manu’a (?) Visala, Manu’a (?) Alalamua, Manu’a (?) Matelita , Manu’a (1891–1895)Elisala , Manu’a (1899–1909)Solomon Islands
British protectorate, 1893–1978 For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe Tonga
Tuvalu
British colony, 1892–1976 For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe United States: Hawaii
Vanuatu
British-French Protectorate, 1887–1889, 1890–1906 For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles and France under western Europe Ferdinand Chevillard, President (1889) R. D. Polk, President (c.1890)[45]
See also
References ^ Joyce (M.A.) & Torday (E.), Notes ethnographiques sur les peuples communément appelés Bakuba, ainsi que sur les peuplades apparentées, les Bushongo. Bruxelles 1910; page 17–19 ^ Dictionary of African Biography , p. 225^ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford , Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), pp. lxxxivf^ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford , Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxxix^ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford , Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxxvif^ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lvi. Amnon Orent, "Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes" in African Historical Studies , Vol. 3, No. 2. (1970), p. 268. ^ [Ta'a, Tesema. "The Process of Urbanization in Wollega, Western Ethiopia: The Case of Neqemte". Journal of Ethiopian Studies 26, no. 1 (1993): 59–72. Accessed 29 April 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/41966012. p. 63] ^ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society , 1954), pp. lxv – lxvii. ^ a b Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (25 February 2003). Historical Dictionary of Somalia. p. 26. ISBN 9780810866041 . Retrieved 15 February 2014 . ^ The social structure of southern Somali tribes, Virginia Luling, pg. 204 ^ Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers . London: McFarland. p. 226. ISBN 0-89950-390-X . ^ Madiéga, Y. Georges (1982). Contribution à L'Histoire Précoloniale du Gulma (Haute Volta) . Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 123. ISBN 978-3-515-03222-3 . ^ Hughes, Arnold and David Perfect. Historical Dictionary of the Gambia. p. 113 ^ "Nigeria: Traditional polities". Rulers.Org . Retrieved 2 September 2010 . ^ a b Adewunmi Elegbede. "Kingdoms of Nigeria, The Nigerian Database of Rulers, Kings, Kingdoms, Political and Traditional Leaders". kingdomsofnigeria.com . ^ Slavery and the Birth of an African City. p. 46. ^ Slavery in Africa and the Caribbean. p. 95. ^ Slavery and the Birth of an African City. ^ Sylvanus John Sodienye Cookey King Jaja of the Niger Delta: His Life and Times 1821–1891, p. 117 ^ (in French) Bulletin de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire , volume 38, 1976, p. 493^ a b c d e Klein, Martin A., Islam and Imperialism in Senegal. Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914 , Edinburgh University Press, 1968, p. XV ^ Barry, Boubacar, "Le royaume du Waalo": le Sénégal avant la conquête, Karthala, 1985, p 317, ISBN 2865371417 ^ "Civil War BIOGRAPHY Jefferson Davis". American Battlefield Trust . Retrieved 3 June 2019 . ^ Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81. ^ "Sonbai Article". Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2008 . ^ Heard-Bey, Frauke (2005). From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates : a society in transition . London: Motivate. p. 73. ISBN 1860631673 . OCLC 64689681. ^ a b Englert, Sebastián (2004). La tierra de Hotu Matu'a: historia y etnología de la Isla de Pascua : gramática y diccionario del antiguo idioma de Isla de Pascua. Editorial Universitaria. p. 65. ISBN 978-956-11-1704-4 . ^ RAPA NUI: INDIGENOUS STRUGGLES FOR THE NAVEL OF THE WORLD[permanent dead link ] ^ Laval, Honoré ; Newbury, C. W.; O'Reilly, Patrick (1968). Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de Mangareva: ère chrétienne, 1834-1871. Paris: Musée de l'Homme. p. 578.^ Cuzent, Gilbert (1872). Voyage aux îles Gambier (Archipel de Mangarèva). Paris: V. Masson et Fils. pp. 117–118. ^ Deschanel, Paul Eugene Louis (1888). Les intérêts français dans l'océan Pacifique. Paris: Berger-Levrault et cie. pp. 27–30. ^ Rabou, Albert (1882). "La France En Océanie". La Nouvelle Revue Quatrieme Annee . Paris. pp. 799–807. ^ "Partie Officielle" (PDF) . Journal Officiel des Etablissements Français de l'Océanie . 2 May 1889. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2015 . ^ "The Sunny South Seas Gambier Archipelago. A Little-Known Group". Te Aroha News, Volume VII, Issue 379, 22 June 1889, Page 6 . ^ "Women in Power 1870–1900". Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership . Retrieved 9 November 2012 . ^ "Pequeñas repúblicas: algunos ejemplos de gobierno popular", Hawaiian Gazette , 1 de noviembre de 1895, pág. 1