Reacciones gubernamentales e intergubernamentales ante la invasión rusa de Ucrania
 | This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably. (March 2022) |
Países que han condenado la invasión
Países que han mantenido una postura neutral
Países que han apoyado la invasión o han culpado a Ucrania y/o a la provocación de la OTAN
Desconocido
¨
Rusia
Ucrania
A favor
Contra
Se abstuvo
Ausente
No miembro de la ONU
La invasión rusa de Ucrania recibió una condena internacional generalizada, lo que llevó a la imposición de nuevas sanciones a Rusia , lo que desencadenó una crisis financiera rusa . [1] Las reacciones entre los gobiernos han sido con mayor frecuencia negativas, con críticas y condenas, particularmente en Europa , las Américas y el sudeste asiático .
Organizaciones internacionales como las Naciones Unidas (ONU) y la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte (OTAN) también han expresado importantes críticas a la invasión, alegando que no tiene precedentes justificables. Desde las primeras fases de la invasión, la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas votó a favor de condenar a Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania.
Ucrania
El presidente ucraniano, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, pidió a las naciones que establezcan una zona de exclusión aérea sobre Ucrania o proporcionen apoyo aéreo a Ucrania. [2] Zelenskyy también pidió "paz", afirmando que no "quiere que la historia de Ucrania sea una leyenda sobre 300 espartanos ". [2] Zelenskyy, en un discurso ante la Cámara de los Comunes británica , también invocó las palabras de Winston Churchill al decir "Lucharemos en el mar; lucharemos en el aire; protegeremos nuestra tierra. Lucharemos en todas partes... y no nos rendiremos". [3]
Las autoridades ucranianas han publicado fotografías y vídeos de soldados rusos muertos y capturados. [4] Algunos expertos han argumentado que el artículo 13 de la Tercera Convención de Ginebra prohíbe los vídeos de soldados capturados. [5]
El 2 de abril, Zelenskyy advirtió a los residentes ucranianos que las fuerzas rusas que se retiraban de los alrededores de Kiev estaban "minando todo el territorio. Están minando casas, equipos de minería, incluso los cuerpos de personas que fueron asesinadas", y dejando atrás "un montón de cables trampa, muchos otros peligros". [6]
Rusia
El 26 de febrero de 2022, el regulador ruso de las comunicaciones, Roskomnadzor , ordenó a los medios de comunicación independientes que retiraran los informes que describían la invasión rusa de Ucrania como un "asalto, invasión o declaración de guerra", amenazando con multas y bloqueos. [7] A partir del 1 de marzo, las escuelas rusas comenzaron a impartir clases de estudios sociales con temática bélica para adolescentes basadas en la posición del gobierno ruso sobre la historia; un manual de enseñanza (publicado por el medio de comunicación independiente MediaZona ) afirmaba que se había estado produciendo un "genocidio" en el este de Ucrania durante ocho años y que Rusia estaba respondiendo con una "operación especial de mantenimiento de la paz" en Ucrania, que "no era una guerra". [8]
El presidente ruso, Vladimir Putin, declaró el 4 de marzo que Rusia no tenía "absolutamente ninguna mala intención con respecto a nuestros vecinos". [9] Putin pidió a otros países que "pensaran en normalizar las relaciones y cooperar normalmente", afirmando que no había "ninguna necesidad de agravar la situación ni de imponer restricciones". [9] El 5 de marzo criticó a Ucrania por resistirse a la invasión, diciendo que "están poniendo en tela de juicio el futuro del Estado ucraniano". [10] También ese día, el Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores ruso instó a los países de la Unión Europea y la OTAN a "dejar de bombear armas" a Ucrania, alegando que los terroristas podrían utilizar las armas contra los aviones. [11]
El 7 de marzo, el gobierno ruso adoptó una lista de países y regiones "que toman acciones hostiles contra Rusia, las empresas rusas y los ciudadanos": Albania , Andorra , Australia , Reino Unido , [a] todos los estados de la Unión Europea , Islandia , Canadá , Liechtenstein , los Estados Federados de Micronesia , Mónaco , Nueva Zelanda , Noruega , Corea del Sur , San Marino , Macedonia del Norte , Singapur , Estados Unidos , Taiwán , Ucrania , Montenegro , Suiza y Japón . [12]
El 8 de marzo, Putin declaró que los soldados rusos "no participan en las hostilidades" en Ucrania "y no participarán en ellas". El 9 de marzo, el Ministerio de Defensa ruso declaró que había "descubierto" soldados rusos que participaban en la operación militar en Ucrania y que "casi todos" esos reclutas habían regresado a Rusia, pero algunos otros habían sido "capturados" en Ucrania. [13]
El 9 de marzo, Rusia bombardeó un hospital de maternidad en Mariupol ; los periodistas de Associated Press en el lugar tomaron fotos y videos de varias madres embarazadas manchadas de sangre que salían de la sala de maternidad destruida. [15] Una mujer embarazada y su bebé murieron después del bombardeo. [15] Los funcionarios rusos proporcionaron diferentes posturas sobre el bombardeo. [16] El portavoz del Kremlin, Dmitry Peskov , declaró inicialmente que Rusia "no dispara contra objetivos civiles", luego dijo que carecía de "información clara sobre lo que sucedió". [16] El ministro de Asuntos Exteriores , Sergey Lavrov , criticó los "gritos patéticos sobre las supuestas atrocidades", afirmando que el hospital no tenía pacientes ni médicos. Según él, estaba controlado por extremistas ucranianos. [16] El Ministerio de Defensa de Rusia negó haber bombardeado el hospital y acusó a Ucrania de organizar el bombardeo. [16] Los funcionarios rusos calificaron las imágenes del ataque de "noticias falsas" y etiquetaron a una mujer embarazada fotografiada huyendo del hospital bombardeado como una actriz. [15]
El 16 de marzo, un ataque aéreo ruso alcanzó un teatro en Mariupol que contenía cientos de civiles; imágenes satelitales tomadas tres días antes mostraban grandes palabras "DETI" ("niños" en ruso) desplegadas como una señal a las fuerzas rusas sobre quienes se encontraban dentro del teatro. [17] El ejército ruso negó haber bombardeado el teatro. [17] El Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Rusia dijo que era una "mentira" que Rusia bombardeara el teatro, insistiendo en que "las fuerzas armadas de Rusia no bombardean pueblos y ciudades". [18] Durante la invasión, Rusia utilizó ataques aéreos contra ciudades ucranianas, incluidas Mariupol, Kiev y Járkov. [19]
El 16 de marzo, Putin pronunció un discurso en el que llamó a los opositores rusos a la guerra "escoria y traidores" [20] y afirmó que "la autolimpieza natural y necesaria de la sociedad sólo fortalecerá a nuestro país". [21]
El 25 de marzo, el jefe de la Dirección General de Operaciones del Estado Mayor del ejército ruso , Sergei Rudskoi , declaró que la primera etapa de la operación "se había cumplido en general" y que "el potencial de combate de las Fuerzas Armadas de Ucrania (se había) reducido considerablemente", lo que permitió a Rusia "centrar nuestros esfuerzos centrales en lograr el objetivo principal, la liberación del Donbás " en el este de Ucrania. [22] Un día después, las fuerzas rusas bombardearon Lviv , una ciudad en el oeste de Ucrania. [23]
Países que han prohibido el paso de aviones rusos a su espacio aéreo. La prohibición impuesta por Rusia en represalia a los aviones de 36 países cambió las rutas aéreas mundiales.
El 1 de abril, Rusia acusó a Ucrania de llevar a cabo un ataque aéreo en territorio ruso; se trataba de la primera acusación de ese tipo desde el comienzo de la invasión rusa. Rusia afirmó que un ataque aéreo contra un depósito de combustible en Belgorod había alterado las negociaciones de paz con Ucrania. [24]
Después de que las fuerzas rusas ocuparon Bucha, en la provincia de Kiev, durante cinco semanas y luego se retiraron, los funcionarios de Bucha las acusaron de asesinatos extrajudiciales de residentes de Bucha . El Ministerio de Defensa de Rusia respondió el 3 de abril que "ningún residente local sufrió acciones violentas" durante la ocupación rusa de Bucha. [25] Esta afirmación fue contradicha por muchos testimonios presenciales de residentes de Bucha. [26]
El Ministerio de Defensa ruso sugirió que se habían colocado cadáveres de civiles muertos en las calles de Bucha después de que "todas las unidades rusas se retiraran completamente" de la ciudad el 30 de marzo, pero las fotos satelitales tomadas por Maxar Technologies mostraron que al menos 11 objetos del tamaño de un cuerpo aparecieron en la calle Yablonska de Bucha entre el 9 y el 11 de marzo, permaneciendo allí durante más de tres semanas, en las mismas posiciones que 11 cadáveres de civiles en un video del 1 de abril. [27] Un funcionario ruso de alto rango, Mikhail Ulyanov, afirmó que el alcalde de Bucha, Anatoliy Fedoruk, no habló de "cadáveres en las calles" en un video del 31 de marzo, pero Fedoruk ya lo había hecho el 7 de marzo, y el 28 de marzo acusó a las fuerzas rusas de asesinatos y violaciones en Bucha. [28]
RIA Novosti , un medio de comunicación controlado y propiedad del gobierno ruso, publicó un artículo de Timofey Sergeytsev que declaraba que "los nazis que tomaron armas deben ser asesinados en el mayor número posible", mientras que "la mayoría del pueblo [ucraniano] es culpable, son nazis pasivos, facilitadores nazis... y deben ser castigados". El artículo también afirmaba que Ucrania "sólo puede desarrollarse en dependencia de Rusia" y que "la historia ha demostrado que Ucrania puede no existir como estado nacional". [29] [ 30] [31] El 5 de abril de 2022, el político opositor ruso Alexei Navalny dijo que la "monstruosidad de mentiras" en los medios estatales rusos "es inimaginable. Y, lamentablemente, también lo es su capacidad de persuasión para quienes no tienen acceso a información alternativa". [32] Tuiteó que los "belicistas" entre las personalidades de los medios estatales rusos "deberían ser tratados como criminales de guerra. Desde los editores en jefe hasta los presentadores de programas de entrevistas y los editores de noticias, [ellos] deberían ser sancionados ahora y juzgados algún día". [33] En julio de 2022, Alexei Gorinov , miembro del consejo del distrito de Krasnoselsky en Moscú, fue sentenciado a siete años de prisión después de hacer comentarios contra la guerra en una reunión del consejo en marzo, [34] incluyendo la afirmación de que "nuestro país ha atacado agresivamente a un país vecino" y "los niños en Ucrania están muriendo cada día". [35] El abogado Pavel Chikov dijo que esta era la primera pena de cárcel bajo las nuevas leyes rusas de censura de guerra de 2022. [ 36]
Otros países
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Países incluidos en la « lista de países hostiles » de Rusia . Los países y territorios incluidos en la lista impusieron sanciones a Rusia tras la invasión rusa de Ucrania en 2022. [38]
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The Economist , un semanario británico, ha señalado que un año después de la invasión rusa de Ucrania , muchos países han comenzado a acercarse a Rusia, mientras que países como Bangladesh y Madagascar se han alejado de Rusia. [39] [40]
Condena a Rusia
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| Estado | Notas |
|---|---|
 Albania | El presidente de Albania, Ilir Meta, convocó al Consejo de Seguridad Nacional y emitió una declaración para "condenar enérgicamente el ataque militar de Rusia a Ucrania" como una "escalada no provocada e injustificable", al tiempo que expresaba su pesar por las vidas perdidas y su "plena solidaridad con el pueblo de Ucrania y sus instituciones democráticas". [41] El primer ministro Edi Rama hizo declaraciones similares anteriormente en Twitter, [42] la ministra para Europa y Asuntos Exteriores Olta Xhaçka , [43] y el embajador ante la ONU Ferit Hoxha en la reunión del Consejo de Seguridad, [44] se unieron a los Estados Unidos para pedir una votación de la ONU sobre una resolución que condenara las acciones rusas, con la intención de obligar a Rusia a vetarla. [45] Después de una cumbre de la OTAN, Rama dijo que Albania estaba lista para recibir a unos pocos miles de refugiados ucranianos que huían de la guerra. [46] |
 Andorra | El primer ministro Xavier Espot hizo un llamamiento a la paz y afirmó que "la guerra no debe ser un recurso" [47] . El 2 de marzo, Andorra se sumó a las sanciones económicas contra Rusia. Andorra nunca había aplicado sanciones anteriormente a otro país [48] . |
 Antigua y Barbuda | El ministro de Asuntos Exteriores, Paul Chet Greene, condenó la invasión rusa e instó a entablar conversaciones diplomáticas. [49] |
 Argentina | El 24 de febrero, el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Argentina instó a Rusia a respetar la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y el derecho internacional. [50] El presidente Alberto Fernández pidió "a la Federación Rusa que ponga fin a la acción militar, respete la soberanía de Ucrania y vuelva al diálogo". [51] El 24 de febrero, Argentina, junto con Brasil y otros tres estados latinoamericanos, se abstuvo de una votación en la Organización de los Estados Americanos condenando la invasión rusa de Ucrania, diciendo que la organización no era un "foro pertinente". [52] El 2 de marzo, Argentina votó a favor de la Resolución ES-11/1 de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas condenando la invasión rusa de Ucrania y exigiendo una retirada total de las fuerzas rusas. [53] Ante la ONU, el ministro de Relaciones Exteriores, Santiago Cafiero, dijo que la invasión de Ucrania era "ilegítima" y condenó "las operaciones militares en suelo ucraniano", argumentando además que el mundo "no tolera más muertes ni guerras". [54] Argentina también ha apoyado a Ucrania en el Consejo de Derechos Humanos de la ONU. [55] El 1 de julio de 2022, Fernández tuvo una conversación telefónica con el presidente Zelensky, donde Fernández volvió a condenar la invasión y prometió más ayuda a Ucrania. [56] Después del cambio de gobierno en diciembre de 2023, el recién inaugurado presidente Javier Milei adoptó una postura mucho más dura hacia Rusia. [57] Milei se reunió con Zelensky y autorizó la transferencia de dos helicópteros militares a Ucrania, prometiendo más ayuda militar. [58] [59] |
.svg/1280px-Flag_of_Australia_(converted).svg.png) Australia | El primer ministro Scott Morrison denunció la invasión e impuso controles de exportación y prohibiciones de viaje a Rusia, como precio por los "ataques y amenazas e intimidación no provocados, ilegales, injustificados e injustificados" y reafirmó el "compromiso inquebrantable de Australia con la soberanía y la integridad territorial de Ucrania". Sin embargo, Morrison sugirió que no esperaba que Putin se desanimara. En respuesta a la afirmación de Rusia de mantener la paz, Australia respondió "No son fuerzas de paz. Son invasores". [60] El 25 de febrero, Morrison condenó la flexibilización de las restricciones a la importación de trigo ruso por parte de China como "inexplicable" y "completamente inaceptable", y dijo que le dio un "salvavidas a Rusia [...] mientras están invadiendo otro país". [61] El ministro de Comunicaciones Paul Fletcher pidió la suspensión de las transmisiones de dos cadenas de televisión controladas por el estado ruso, RT y NTV Moscú , el 25 de febrero; Dos servicios de televisión australianos suspendieron sus emisiones de RT, uno de los cuales también suspendió sus emisiones de NTV Moscú. [62] [63] |
 Austria | El canciller de Austria, Karl Nehammer , declaró que "hay otra vez guerra en Europa", condenó el ataque de Rusia y declaró la solidaridad de Austria con Ucrania. [64] |
 Las Bahamas | Las Bahamas denunciaron la invasión y el Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores Fred Mitchell declaró: "La invasión de Ucrania por la Federación Rusa y liderada por su Presidente Vladimir Putin es incorrecta, ilegal y debe terminar y revertirse". [65] |
 Barbados | La primera ministra Mia Mottley instó a Rusia a retirarse y calificó la invasión como una violación de la integridad territorial de Ucrania. [66] |
.svg/1280px-Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg.png) Bélgica | El primer ministro Alexander De Croo dijo que la UE necesitaba "sanciones rusas que afecten", especialmente a la "élite gobernante". [67] A principios de abril, tres familias ucranianas iban a ser alojadas en dos propiedades de la familia real belga , administradas por el Royal Trust , mientras que una tercera propiedad se utilizaría para "alojamiento colectivo de refugiados ucranianos". [68] |
 Belice | El Gobierno de Belice condenó la “invasión ilegal rusa” y expresó su solidaridad con Ucrania. [69] El príncipe Guillermo , nieto de la reina de Belice , citó su discurso de 1994 ante la Asamblea Nacional de Belice y dijo que el pueblo de Belice se solidarizaba con quienes luchaban en Ucrania. [70] |
 Bután | Bután votó a favor de la Resolución ES-11/1 de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas , condenando la invasión. [71] |
 Botsuana | Botswana fue uno de los 87 signatarios de la carta de la ONU condenando la invasión rusa de Ucrania. [72] |
 Brunéi | Brunei condenó la invasión y pidió que la situación se resolviera sin fuerza. [73] |
 Bulgaria | Bulgaria condenó la invasión y el primer ministro Kiril Petkov dijo: "Vemos que esta agresión no fue provocada por la parte ucraniana y este tipo de acciones en Europa son inadmisibles". [74] El ministro de Defensa búlgaro, Stefan Yanev, fue despedido por insistir en que era un error describirlo como una guerra, diciendo que era una "operación". También dijo que no había necesidad de que Bulgaria, miembro tanto de la UE como de la OTAN, adoptara una "posición prorrusa, proestadounidense o proeuropea". [75] |
 Camboya | El Primer Ministro Hun Sen dijo que sólo a través de negociaciones pacíficas, y no por medio de la guerra, se podrían resolver los desacuerdos. [76] Hun Sen condenó las acciones de Rusia y dijo: "Sigo solidarizándome con el pueblo ucraniano contra la invasión". [77] Se ha alegado que el Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Camboya quería permanecer estrictamente neutral y abstenerse en las votaciones de la ONU, de manera similar a Vietnam y Laos, en los días posteriores a que Rusia invadiera Ucrania el 24 de febrero del año pasado, pero Hun Sen intervino y ordenó a su diplomático en la ONU que copatrocinara una resolución condenando a Moscú. [78] |
.svg/1280px-Flag_of_Canada_(Pantone).svg.png) Canadá | El Primer Ministro Justin Trudeau condenó "en los términos más enérgicos posibles el atroz ataque de Rusia contra Ucrania" y declaró que "estas acciones no provocadas son una clara violación adicional de la soberanía y la integridad territorial de Ucrania. También violan las obligaciones de Rusia en virtud del derecho internacional y la Carta de las Naciones Unidas". [79] |
 Cabo Verde | El primer ministro de Cabo Verde, José Ulisses Correia e Silva, condenó la invasión y pidió la búsqueda de soluciones a través de los canales diplomáticos y el diálogo. [80] [81] |
 Chile | El presidente Sebastián Piñera dijo que “el acto de agresión de Rusia y la violación de la soberanía de Ucrania” violaban el derecho internacional, [82] mientras que el presidente electo Gabriel Boric “conden[ó] la invasión de Ucrania, la violación de su soberanía y el uso ilegítimo de la fuerza”. [83] |
 Colombia | El presidente Iván Duque afirmó que Colombia “rechaza categóricamente los ataques contra Ucrania por parte de Rusia” y considera la invasión una violación del derecho internacional y la Carta de las Naciones Unidas. [84] |
 Costa Rica | El presidente Carlos Alvarado publicó un comunicado en Twitter rechazando y condenando el “uso de la fuerza y la violación de la soberanía e integridad territorial de Ucrania”, diciendo que la paz es el “único camino”. [85] |
 Croacia | El primer ministro Andrej Plenković publicó un comunicado en Twitter en el que decía: "Condenamos enérgicamente la agresión e invasión de Rusia a Ucrania. Este ataque no provocado es una grave violación de la soberanía de Ucrania y del derecho internacional". [86] Plenković también se reunió con el embajador de Ucrania en Croacia, y señaló que Croacia apoyaría el paquete de sanciones de la UE y estaba dispuesta a proporcionar asistencia humanitaria y técnica a Ucrania. [87] |
 Chipre | El presidente Nicos Anastasiades tuiteó su condena "en los términos más enérgicos posibles" y agregó: "Debo decir que presenciamos con gran decepción lo que está sucediendo en violación del derecho internacional y no podemos dejar de condenar como país acciones similares que violan la soberanía y la integridad territorial de un país independiente". Mientras tanto, el ministro de Asuntos Exteriores, Ioannis Kasoulidis, pidió un alto el fuego y dijo que "se trata de operaciones militares dentro de Europa, algo que hemos evitado desde el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial". [88] |
 República Checa | El 24 de febrero, el presidente Miloš Zeman calificó la invasión de "acto de agresión no provocado" y dijo que "Rusia ha cometido un crimen contra la paz", pidiendo sanciones severas. Dijo que se había "equivocado" al insistir hasta unos días antes en que Rusia no invadiría Ucrania. [89] El primer ministro Petr Fiala dijo que su gobierno había retirado su acuerdo con los consulados rusos en Karlovy Vary y Brno , suspendido el funcionamiento de los consulados de la República Checa en San Petersburgo y Ekaterimburgo y dejado de emitir visados para los ciudadanos rusos. También dijo que la república insistiría en la adopción de las sanciones antirrusas más estrictas. [90] |
 Dinamarca | La primera ministra Mette Frederiksen dijo que era un "día oscuro para la paz en el mundo", al tiempo que afirmó que su gobierno estaba dispuesto a aceptar refugiados ucranianos. [91]
|
 Dominica | Dominica condenó la invasión y pidió el fin de la «agresión». [94] |
 República Dominicana | El presidente dominicano , Luis Abinader, emitió una declaración instando a Rusia a retirarse de Ucrania y además afirmó que Rusia estaba violando la identidad política, cultural y territorial de los ucranianos. [95] |
 Ecuador | El presidente Guillermo Lasso dijo que Ecuador apoyaría la posición de las Naciones Unidas y la Organización de los Estados Americanos en condenar la invasión. "La agresión es una intrusión violenta y una violación de nuestros principios de paz mundial", dijo. Agregó, sin embargo, que Ecuador no tiene planes de suspender las relaciones diplomáticas con Rusia. [96] |
 Estonia | La primera ministra Kaja Kallas calificó a Rusia de "amenaza para toda Europa". [97] El Riigikogu , el parlamento de Estonia, también aprobó dos declaraciones sobre la movilización de las fuerzas rusas previas a la invasión y el inicio del ataque contra Ucrania en 2022, en las que expresó su apoyo a la integridad territorial de Ucrania y condenó la guerra iniciada por la Federación Rusa. [98] [99] |
 Estados Federados de Micronesia | Los Estados Federados de Micronesia rompieron relaciones diplomáticas con Rusia el 25 de febrero de 2022. “Los Estados Federados de Micronesia reafirman su firme apoyo a la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte y a las Naciones Unidas, que condenan correctamente la invasión rusa de Ucrania. Los Estados Federados de Micronesia apoyan la destitución de la Federación Rusa en su calidad de presidente del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas; la permanencia de Rusia en ese cargo es una fachada, ya que deben defender el orden internacional basado en normas en lugar de socavarlo”. [100] [101] |
 Fiyi | El primer ministro interino Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum condenó las acciones de Rusia en Ucrania, pidió el fin de todas las hostilidades y la violación del derecho internacional e instó a Rusia a "volver a la mesa diplomática". [102] |
 Finlandia | El presidente Sauli Niinistö condenó el ataque de Rusia y al presidente Vladimir Putin, diciendo que "la máscara se ha caído y sólo es visible el rostro frío de la guerra". [103] La primera ministra , Sanna Marin, dijo que la invasión rusa de Ucrania cambiaría el debate sobre la membresía de su país en la OTAN y escribió en Twitter que "el ataque es una grave violación del derecho internacional y amenaza la vida de numerosos civiles. Finlandia expresa su sólido apoyo a Ucrania y a los ucranianos y estamos buscando formas de aumentar este apoyo". [104] El 25 de febrero de 2022, un portavoz del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores ruso amenazó con "consecuencias militares y políticas" si Finlandia intentaba unirse a la OTAN. [105] El 12 de mayo, Niinistö y Marin emitieron una declaración conjunta en la que declaraban que Finlandia debía unirse a la OTAN. [106] |
 Francia | El presidente de Francia, Emmanuel Macron, dijo que había hablado con Putin "para detener los combates y hablar con el presidente ucraniano" [107] y exigió "un cese inmediato de las operaciones militares rusas en Ucrania". [108] [109] |
 Gabón | Gabón participó en la Declaración Conjunta liderada por Albania y Estados Unidos tras la votación de una resolución del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas sobre la agresión de Rusia hacia Ucrania. [110] |
 Gambia | Gambia copatrocinó la declaración liderada por albaneses y estadounidenses en el Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU condenando a Rusia. [111] |
 Georgia | La presidenta Salomé Zourabichvili declaró que "participamos en todo tipo de sanciones financieras internacionales y eso es algo muy importante para el sector financiero georgiano. Al mismo tiempo, participamos en todas las resoluciones internacionales que se han adoptado para apoyar a Ucrania. Compartimos [con Ucrania] una historia común de dos siglos de agresión rusa y sabemos lo que eso significa" [112]. Zourabichvili afirmó que su país estaba "conmocionado" por la agresión rusa en Ucrania. Afirmó su "solidaridad con el pueblo ucraniano" y pidió el cese de las operaciones militares. [113] El gobierno georgiano contribuyó con un millón de lari de su presupuesto de reserva para ayudar a los ucranianos afectados por el ataque militar ruso. El primer ministro Irakli Garibashvili tomó la decisión y firmó el decreto que autoriza la ayuda. La financiación se utilizará para comprar suministros médicos para el Ministerio de Desplazados Internos, Trabajo, Salud y Asuntos Sociales de Georgia. [114] El 24 de febrero, el presidente del Parlamento de Georgia, Shalva Papuashvili, expresó su solidaridad con Ucrania y pidió a la comunidad internacional que tomara medidas para "impedir que Rusia escale hacia un conflicto a gran escala y garantizar la protección de las normas internacionales". [115] El 27 de febrero se enviaron a Ucrania 100 toneladas de ayuda humanitaria a través de Polonia, incluidos suministros de primeros auxilios, más de 30 tipos de productos farmacéuticos, concentradores de oxígeno y otros suministros humanitarios. Además, Georgia proporcionó componentes sanguíneos, material de transfusión y diagnósticos. [114] El 4 de marzo, el Ministerio de Salud de Georgia declaró que todos los ciudadanos ucranianos en Georgia recibirían servicios médicos de emergencia gratuitos si los necesitaran. [114] El primer ministro Irakli Garibashvili dijo que el gobierno de Georgia no podía imponer sanciones separadas contra Rusia. [116] El Viceprimer Ministro y Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores de Georgia, David Zalkaliani, declaró que "la agresión militar lanzada por Rusia contra Ucrania es totalmente intolerable". Instó a los socios internacionales a dar una respuesta estricta a la violación del derecho internacional por parte de Rusia y a garantizar la distensión de la situación. [117] El Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Georgia expresó su profunda preocupación por los acontecimientos en Ucrania. Según su declaración, las acciones militares de Rusia socavaban la integridad territorial y la soberanía de Ucrania, así como la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y los principios fundamentales del derecho internacional. [118] El ministro de Economía, Levan Davitashvili, dijo que Georgia era parte de todas las sanciones internacionales contra Rusia [119] Una delegación parlamentaria de Georgia visitó dos ciudades ucranianas donde Papuashvili se opuso firmemente a la invasión rusa de Ucrania. El opositor Movimiento Nacional Unido (UNM), el principal partido de oposición de Georgia, realizó una visita sorpresa a Kiev el mismo día, enviando una delegación separada que incluía al presidente del partido, Nika Melia, y al ex presidente georgiano Giorgi Margvelashvili . [120] |
 Alemania | Annalena Baerbock , ministra de Asuntos Exteriores, dijo que el mundo se despertó en un mundo diferente. Anunció sanciones masivas contra Rusia. El canciller Olaf Scholz calificó la invasión como un "grave error" de Putin. [121] Alemania descartó inicialmente el envío de armas a Ucrania e impidió que Estonia enviara obuses de fabricación alemana a Ucrania. [122] Alemania dijo que estaba enviando 5.000 cascos y un hospital de campaña a Ucrania, [123] a lo que el alcalde de Kiev, Vitali Klitschko, respondió: "¿Qué enviarán a continuación? ¿Almohadas?". [122] El 26 de febrero, en lo que los observadores vieron como una reacción a la creciente presión de los aliados de la OTAN y la UE, Alemania dio marcha atrás y permitió que Estonia enviara nueve obuses de fabricación alemana y que los Países Bajos enviaran 400 lanzagranadas propulsados por cohetes, y además acordó enviar 1.000 armas antitanque y 500 sistemas de defensa antiaérea Stinger a Ucrania. [124] En una sesión parlamentaria de emergencia celebrada el 27 de febrero, Scholz habló de una "nueva era" que había comenzado con la invasión rusa. Alemania invertiría a partir de entonces más del objetivo de la OTAN del dos por ciento del producto interior bruto en defensa. Se pondrían a disposición 100.000 millones de euros para inversiones en el ejército en 2022. [125] Según Bild , el presidente alemán Frank-Walter Steinmeier tenía previsto viajar a Kiev en abril de 2022 como señal de solidaridad, pero fue desairado por los funcionarios ucranianos. [126] |
 Ghana | La ministra de Asuntos Exteriores, Shirley Ayorkor Botchway, condenó la invasión. [127] |
 Grecia | La presidenta Katerina Sakellaropoulou dijo que "condenamos enérgicamente el ataque ruso a un país independiente" como "una clara violación del derecho internacional y de nuestros valores". [128] El 8 de marzo de 2022, Día Internacional de la Mujer , Sakellaropoulou apareció en el Parlamento helénico con un vestido con los colores de la bandera de Ucrania, en homenaje a las mujeres ucranianas afectadas por la guerra. [129] El primer ministro Kyriakos Mitsotakis condenó las acciones "revisionistas" de Rusia contra Ucrania. [130] [131] [132] |
 Granada | Granada condenó la invasión. [133] |
 Guatemala | El presidente Alejandro Giammattei publicó un comunicado en Twitter, condenando la invasión rusa. [134] |
 Guayana | Guyana condenó la invasión e instó a Rusia a respetar la soberanía ucraniana. [135] [136] |
 Haití | Haití expresó su preocupación por la situación en Ucrania e instó a los dos países a encontrar una solución diplomática. Haití copatrocinó una resolución del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas que condena a Rusia. [137] [111] |
 Islandia | La primera ministra Katrín Jakobsdóttir condenó la invasión rusa de Ucrania como "una violación inaceptable del derecho internacional". [138] |
 Indonesia | El portavoz del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Teuku Faizasyah, expresó su preocupación por el conflicto. Indonesia instó a Rusia a respetar la soberanía y la integridad territorial de Ucrania. [139] Un comunicado de prensa del ministerio dijo que el ataque a Ucrania era "inaceptable". [140] El presidente indonesio, Joko Widodo, también tuiteó: "Detengan la guerra. La guerra trae sufrimiento a la humanidad y pone en peligro al mundo". [b] [141] [142] El Consejo de Representantes del Pueblo también emitió una declaración de condena. [143] |
 Italia | El primer ministro Mario Draghi prometió "todo lo que sea necesario para restaurar la soberanía ucraniana" y dijo que era "imposible tener un diálogo significativo con Moscú", exigiendo que Rusia retire incondicionalmente sus fuerzas a las fronteras establecidas internacionalmente. [144] |
 República de Irlanda | El presidente Michael D. Higgins calificó la invasión rusa de "inaceptable e inmoral" y declaró: "Esta violencia debe terminar. Rusia debe retirar sus tropas. El ascenso del militarismo debe terminar. Se debe dar acceso humanitario total a todos los civiles que lo necesiten. Se debe aprovechar todo atisbo de esperanza a través de la diplomacia". [145] El Taoiseach Micheál Martin condenó las acciones "escandalosas" de Rusia en Ucrania y prometió "severas sanciones por parte de la UE", al tiempo que dijo: "Nuestros pensamientos deben estar con el pueblo inocente de Ucrania en este, su momento más difícil". [146] El tánaiste Leo Varadkar afirmó que si bien Irlanda es militarmente neutral , "en este conflicto, Irlanda no es neutral en absoluto", reconociendo el apoyo "inquebrantable e incondicional" del país a Ucrania. [147] Comparó la invasión de Ucrania con la invasión de Checoslovaquia en 1939, llamando a Putin "el Hitler del siglo XXI". [148] |
 Jamaica | El Primer Ministro Andrew Holness condenó a Rusia, afirmando que "Jamaica es consecuente en su apoyo al respeto universal y la adhesión a los principios del derecho internacional, el respeto a la integridad territorial y la soberanía de todas las naciones. Por lo tanto, no podemos apoyar y, de hecho, condenamos la invasión de Ucrania". [149] |
 Japón | El primer ministro Fumio Kishida condenó la invasión y anunció que cooperaría con los Estados Unidos en nuevas sanciones contra Rusia. [150] El 25 de febrero, Japón implementó nuevas sanciones, incluida una prohibición de exportación de semiconductores y otros productos de alta tecnología, y congeló los activos de tres bancos rusos, pero luego declaró que no confiscaría las reservas extranjeras rusas congeladas en el Banco de Japón. [151] También consideró extender las sanciones a Bielorrusia, debido a su apoyo a la invasión. El 26 de febrero, Japón acordó aumentar los esfuerzos de disuasión con los EE. UU., y el ministro de Relaciones Exteriores japonés, Yoshimasa Hayashi, declaró que el "impacto de esto no se detendrá en Europa". Las relaciones entre Japón y Rusia se habían caracterizado anteriormente por los intentos japoneses de evitar antagonizar a Rusia, particularmente porque la disputa de las Islas Kuriles era la única disputa territorial de Rusia en Asia. Sin embargo, Japón estaba cada vez más preocupado por las implicaciones geopolíticas de la anexión en China y Taiwán. [152] [153] |
 Kenia | Kenia participó en la Declaración Conjunta liderada por Albania y Estados Unidos tras la votación de una resolución del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas sobre la agresión de Rusia hacia Ucrania. [110] |
 Kiribati | Kiribati copatrocinó una resolución del Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU condenando a Rusia. [111] |
 Kuwait | Kuwait participó en la declaración conjunta liderada por Estados Unidos tras la votación de una resolución del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas sobre la agresión de Rusia. [154] |
 Letonia | El presidente de Letonia, Egils Levits, condenó enérgicamente la invasión rusa de Ucrania, pidiendo "todo el apoyo posible, incluidas las armas" a Ucrania y "las sanciones más duras posibles" contra Rusia. [155] En una entrevista posterior, calificó la invasión como el "principio del fin para Putin". [156] El 26 de febrero, el Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Letonia suspendió la emisión de visados a los ciudadanos rusos con la excepción de los visados humanitarios . [157] Dos días después, la Saeima aprobó enmiendas legales que permitían a los ciudadanos letones luchar voluntariamente del lado ucraniano contra la invasión rusa. [158] El 4 de marzo, el Ayuntamiento de Riga renombró una sección de la calle frente a la Embajada de Rusia como Calle de la Independencia de Ucrania. [159] El primer ministro de Letonia, Krišjānis Kariņš, expresó que la economía y las exportaciones letonas deberían seguir alejándose de Rusia, y que la dependencia de las importaciones energéticas rusas debería reducirse lo antes posible. [160] |
 Líbano | El Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores del Líbano condenó el 24 de febrero la invasión rusa y pidió a Moscú que "detuviera inmediatamente las operaciones militares". [161] La embajada de Rusia en el Líbano expresó su sorpresa por esta condena y publicó una declaración en la que decía que "la declaración... nos sorprendió [a la embajada rusa] al violar la política de disociación y al tomar partido en contra del otro en estos acontecimientos, y señaló que Rusia no escatimó esfuerzos para contribuir al avance y la estabilidad de la República Libanesa". [162] |
 Lesoto | Lesotho participó en la Declaración Conjunta liderada por Albania y Estados Unidos tras la votación de una resolución del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas sobre la agresión de Rusia hacia Ucrania. [154] |
 Liberia | El gobierno liberiano afirmó que el ataque no provocado era inaceptable e "instó a Rusia a aliviar las hostilidades". [163] |
 Libia | La ministra de Asuntos Exteriores, Najla Mangoush, condenó la intervención militar de Rusia como una violación del derecho internacional y pidió a Moscú "que se calme y se retire". [164] |
 Liechtenstein | Liechtenstein condenó la invasión en una declaración publicada en el sitio web oficial del gobierno. [165] El Gobierno de Liechtenstein prometió 500.000 francos suizos de su actual presupuesto de cooperación humanitaria internacional y desarrollo para proyectos humanitarios en favor de los afectados por la guerra. [166] |
 Lituania | Lituania condenó enérgicamente la invasión y pidió ayuda militar, económica y humanitaria para Ucrania. [167] El presidente de Lituania, Gitanas Nauseda , declaró el estado de emergencia y ordenó a las fuerzas armadas del país miembro de la OTAN que se desplegaran a lo largo de sus fronteras en respuesta a "posibles disturbios y provocaciones debido a las grandes fuerzas militares concentradas en Rusia y Bielorrusia". [168] |
 Luxemburgo | El primer ministro Xavier Bettel condenó la invasión en Twitter. [169] El ministro de Asuntos Exteriores , Jean Asselborn , en una entrevista con la radio local, dijo que la "eliminación física" de Putin era potencialmente la única salida a la guerra. Más tarde describió sus comentarios como un "desliz" y una reacción emocional tras haber oído hablar de los ataques indiscriminados de Rusia contra Járkov. [170] |
 Malaui | El presidente Lazarus Chakwera instó a Rusia a retirarse. [171] |
 Malasia | El primer ministro Ismail Sabri expresó su preocupación por la "escalada del conflicto en Ucrania". Hizo un llamamiento al diálogo y a la "paz y la seguridad". [172] El portal de noticias independiente Malaysiakini señaló que la declaración carecía de un lenguaje contundente y no mencionaba a Rusia ni calificaba el conflicto de "invasión", lo que provocó una respuesta en la que se acusaba al portal de noticias de desviarse de "la esencia del comunicado de prensa". [173] El 27 de febrero, el Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Malasia negó un informe del South China Morning Post de que había "echado a perder" la evacuación de ciudadanos malasios de Ucrania al obligarlos a viajar a Polonia en vehículos privados para escapar de la invasión rusa, después de que se informara de que el autobús alquilado previsto para recogerlos no llegó. A esto le siguieron acusaciones de que el gobierno de Malasia había descartado la posibilidad de una invasión rusa como una "narrativa occidental". [174] [175] En la sesión de emergencia de la ONU, el representante de Malasia anunció que votaría a favor del proyecto de resolución que condenaba la invasión. [176] |
 Maldivas | Maldivas votó a favor de la Resolución ES-11/1 de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas , condenando la invasión. [71] |
 Malta | El Primer Ministro Robert Abela dijo que durante la reunión de líderes europeos Malta había "hablado a favor de la paz en Ucrania", añadiendo que hacerlo "no comprometía la posición de neutralidad de Malta", ya que la constitución de Malta afirma que la isla es un estado neutral que se adhiere a una política de no alineación. [177] |
 Islas Marshall | Las Islas Marshall copatrocinaron una resolución del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas condenando a Rusia. [111] |
 Mauricio | El Gobierno de Mauricio pidió una solución pacífica del conflicto y se sumó al llamamiento para que se reanudara el diálogo pacífico entre las partes. [178] |
 México | El secretario de Relaciones Exteriores de México, Marcelo Ebrard , en representación del presidente Andrés Manuel López Obrador , emitió un comunicado en Twitter, rechazando y condenando la invasión rusa. Exigió el cese de las hostilidades para lograr una resolución pacífica. [179] Sin embargo, el 1 de marzo, López Obrador anunció que México no participaría en las sanciones económicas contra Rusia y criticó la censura en el extranjero de los medios estatales rusos. [180] En la cumbre del G20 de Bali de 2022 , López Obrador reafirmó que México, oficialmente, se mantendría neutral en el conflicto. [181] |
 Moldavia | La presidenta Maia Sandu condenó el acto de guerra, calificándolo de "una flagrante violación del derecho internacional y de la soberanía e integridad territorial de Ucrania". [182] Añadió que Moldavia estaba dispuesta a aceptar a decenas de miles de personas que huyeran de Ucrania tras el ataque ruso y prometió mantener las fronteras abiertas para ayudar. [183] |
 Mónaco | El Príncipe Alberto II afirmó su apoyo a Ucrania en una declaración: "El Principado reafirma su apoyo a las leyes internacionales, a la soberanía, a la integridad y a la independencia de los Estados" y "Mónaco está al lado de la población ucraniana y de los derechos humanos". [184] El Ministro de Estado Pierre Dartout manifestó su preocupación y afirmó que Mónaco estaba del lado del pueblo ucraniano. Instó a los rusos a que cesaran inmediatamente su operación militar y a que se reanudara el diálogo. [185] El Palacio Real de Mónaco indicó en un comunicado que "el Principado ha adoptado y aplicado, sin demora, procedimientos de congelación de fondos y sanciones económicas idénticos a los adoptados por la mayoría de los Estados europeos". [186] |
 Montenegro | El presidente Milo Đukanović condenó la invasión rusa, diciendo que "viola todos los principios fundamentales del derecho internacional, socava la seguridad europea y pone en peligro su estabilidad". El viceprimer ministro Dritan Abazović también tuiteó que Montenegro apoya a los socios de la OTAN y la UE. [187] |
 Nepal | Nepal se opuso a la invasión y afirmó que los principios de soberanía e integridad territorial debían respetarse plenamente. [188] |
 Nueva Zelanda | La primera ministra Jacinda Ardern condenó la invasión rusa de Ucrania y pidió a Rusia que se retire inmediatamente de Ucrania en un intento de evitar una pérdida de vidas "catastrófica e inútil". Nueva Zelanda ha suspendido los compromisos diplomáticos de alto nivel con Rusia e introdujo prohibiciones de viaje y controles de exportación. [189] [190] A principios de marzo de 2022, el Parlamento de Nueva Zelanda aprobó una legislación que impone sanciones a las élites, organizaciones y activos rusos considerados cómplices de la invasión. [191] A fines de marzo, la Fuerza de Defensa de Nueva Zelanda envió nueve analistas de inteligencia para ayudar en el trabajo de recopilación de inteligencia británico y belga relacionado con la guerra en Ucrania. [192] A mediados de abril de 2022, Nueva Zelanda envió un avión C-130 Hércules y 58 militares para ayudar con la logística y el transporte. [193]
|
 Países Bajos | El primer ministro Mark Rutte condenó las acciones de Rusia en los "términos más enérgicos posibles", diciendo que "un país y un hombre son responsables", al tiempo que pidió "sanciones máximas" contra Rusia. [195] El rey Guillermo Alejandro y la reina Máxima declararon que sus "corazones están con el pueblo de Ucrania y todos los afectados por la violencia". [196] La familia real holandesa anunció que acogería de seis a ocho familias de refugiados de Ucrania a partir de mediados de abril en Het Oude Loo . [197] |
 Nigeria | El 24 de febrero de 2022, el Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Nigeria calificó la invasión de "sorpresa" y anunció planes para la evacuación de los ciudadanos nigerianos de Ucrania. Sin embargo, evitó condenar las acciones de Rusia y reafirmó las afirmaciones de Rusia de que los ataques en Ucrania "se habían limitado a instalaciones militares". [198] El 26 de febrero de 2022, después de que el ministro de Asuntos Exteriores, Geoffrey Onyeama, se reuniera con el embajador de Ucrania en Nigeria, Kirdoda Valerii, el embajador de Rusia en Nigeria, Alexey Shebarshin , y los enviados de los países del G7 , condenó oficialmente la invasión de Rusia e instó a que se retiraran las tropas rusas. [199] |
 Macedonia del Norte | President Stevo Pendarovski condemned the Russian invasion as "an attack on the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Ukraine, blatant violation of the basic principles of international law, attack on the democratic order and a threat to the stability of Europe."[200] Prime Minister Dimitar Kovačevski announced his government's readiness to receive refugees from Ukraine if the situation there deteriorated further.[201] |
 Norway | Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre assured that Norway "condemns Russia's military attack on Ukraine in the strongest possible terms".[202] |
 Palau | Palau participated in the Albanian-American-led Joint Statement following a vote on a UN Security Council resolution on Russia's aggression toward Ukraine.[154] |
 Paraguay | Paraguay condemned the invasion.[203] |
 Papua New Guinea | Papua New Guinea cosponsored a UN Security Council resolution condemning Russia.[111] |
 Panama | Panama lamented the invasion and stated their support for Ukrainian sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity.[204] |
 Peru | Foreign Affairs Minister César Landa said in a statement: "Faced with the violation of [the] sovereignty, territory, and integrity of Ukraine, Peru rejects the use of force and states its opinion through the Foreign Affairs Ministry, invoking respect for international law."[205] |
 Philippines | The Philippines Department of Foreign Affairs urged the international community to reaffirm its commitment to peaceful dialogue and "more than words" and cited the UN General Assembly's Manila Declaration on the Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes. Foreign Secretary Teodoro Locsin Jr. committed to going to the Ukrainian border to personally oversee the repatriation of Filipinos in Ukraine.[206] The Philippines later said it would vote to condemn the invasion at the emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly.[207] President Rodrigo Duterte appealed to Putin, who is also his personal friend, on 23 May to rein in Russian armed forces following reports of civilians deaths, and to assure safety for those fleeing the area. He acknowledged the conflict was a war against a sovereign nation rather than a "special military operation".[208][209] |
 Poland | Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki wrote on Twitter that "We must immediately respond to Russia's criminal aggression on Ukraine Europe and the free world has to stop Putin",[210] and its government announced that the country was "ready to accept migrants and has prepared hospitals and a train to transport Ukrainians wounded in the assault".[211] The National Broadcasting Council banned the Russian state-controlled television network RT on 24 February.[212] |
 Portugal | Prime Minister António Costa "vehemently condemns the military action triggered by Russia today on Ukrainian soil" in a press statement following a meeting with the minister of state and foreign affairs, the minister of defence, and the chief of the general staff.[213] |
 Romania | President Klaus Iohannis condemned Russia's military aggression against Ukraine via Twitter. He said that "Romania, together with the entire international democratic community, strongly rejects this irresponsible behaviour that undermines the foundations of international relations and the current order of international law", and that "the Russian Federation has once again shown that it is not is interested in the constructive and responsible dialogue offered by the European and Euro-Atlantic community" and that Romanian citizens should leave Ukraine as soon as possible.[214] |
 San Marino | The San Marino Secretary for Foreign Affairs issued a statement saying that "the military escalation in Ukraine is a great wound for all the people and nations who strongly believe in the values of peace and strongly condemn war" and "the San Marino institutions and government are in deep shock at this time".[215] |
 Saint Lucia | Saint Lucia expressed concern about the invasion and supported the CARICOM statement condemning Russia.[216] |
 Samoa | Samoa's permanent representative to the United Nations, Fatumanava-o-Upolu III Pa'olelei Luteru, described the invasion as "unprovoked" and stated that "Samoa is greatly concerned by the invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation. Such action is a clear violation of the territorial integrity and sovereignty..." He also called for Russia and Ukraine to engage in peace negotiations.[217] |
 Sierra Leone | President Julius Maada Bio urged an end to the war in Ukraine "for the sake of humanity", stating that he believes "even those who sympathise with Russia are in favour of stopping this war".[218] Amid his 2023 candidacy for reelection, Bio indicated that he hopes diplomacy led by African leaders can help broker an end to the war.[219] |
 Singapore | Singapore's Ministry of Foreign Affairs said Singapore "strongly condemns any unprovoked invasion of a sovereign country under any pretext," and that "the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine must be respected."[220] "All parties concerned should continue to pursue dialogue, including diplomatic means, towards a peaceful settlement of the dispute, in accordance with international law, and avoid activities that will further raise tensions in the region."[221] Local news outlets reported that Singapore might join international sanctions on Russia, and was unlikely to take a direct economic hit from export curbs on Russia.[222] On 28 February 2022, Singapore announced sanctions against Russia, export controls on items "that can be used directly as weapons in Ukraine to inflict harm or to subjugate the Ukrainians" and moved to "block certain Russian banks and financial transactions connected to Russia". The move was a first by a Southeast Asian country and a departure from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations' refusal to condemn the invasion.[223][224] |
 Slovakia | Prime Minister Eduard Heger stated that "The Russian imperialism has been restored in front of our eyes in its aggressive, militant form" and about Russian president Vladimir Putin added "All victims of this war will be his victims and he will be responsible for them in the eyes of the global public."[225] On 24 February 2022, Bratislava Castle and the seat of President of Slovakia Grassalkovich Palace in Bratislava was light up in blue and yellow in solidarity with Ukraine.[226] Slovakia also provided Ukraine with an S-300 air defense system.[227] |
 Slovenia | Prime Minister Janez Janša condemned Russia's "unprecedented military aggression against Ukraine" and demanded that Russia immediately withdraw its military and fully respect Ukraine's territorial integrity, reaffirming Slovenia's support of Ukraine.[228] Janša is due to visit Ukraine on 25 February 2022 for talks with his Ukrainian counterparts.[229][230][needs update] The national flag of Ukraine was also hung from the Slovenian Parliament in Ljubljana as a symbol of solidarity and brotherhood between the two countries.[231] |
 South Korea | President Moon Jae-in said that South Korea would join sanctions against Russia. He said: "The use of armed forces causing human casualties cannot be justified under any circumstances".[232] The Ministry of Foreign Affairs said: "The Korean government strongly condemns Russia's armed invasion against Ukraine as a violation of the principles of the UN Charter" and "the Korean government will support and join the international community's efforts, including economic sanctions, to curb armed invasion".[233] On 1 March, South Korea announced it would stop all transactions with seven main Russian banks and their affiliates, and restrict the purchase of Russian treasury bonds.[234][235] In April 2022, South Korea turned down Ukraine's request for ground-based systems targeting aircraft and ballistic missiles, citing its "principled stance" of not providing lethal hardware. At the time, Ukraine had already been provided with approximately 25,000 anti-air and 60,000 anti-tank systems by the U.S. and its allies.[236] |
 Spain | Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez condemned the "intolerable military actions of the Russian government in Ukrainian soil" on Twitter after holding a meeting of the Spanish National Security Council presided over by King Felipe VI.[237] Minister of Foreign Affairs José Manuel Albares called the attack "unjustifiable" and a "blatant violation of international law", and announced that Spain was coordinating with EU partners and NATO allies.[238] Minister of Defence Margarita Robles asked for "really severe" sanctions and called Russian actions "of an extraordinary gravity" but noted that there would be no NATO troops on Ukrainian soil as the country "is not a NATO member".[239] On 27 February, Spanish Defence Minister Margarita Robles announced the shipment of 20 tons of defense military equipment to Ukraine[240] and advanced the request to send the frigate Blas de Lezo in conjunction with a NATO mission.[241] |
 Suriname | Suriname condemned the invasion.[242] |
 Sweden | Prime Minister Magdalena Andersson stated that "Sweden condemns in the strongest terms Russia's ongoing invasion of Ukraine. Russia's acts are also an attack on the European security order. It will be met by a united and robust response in solidarity with Ukraine. Russia alone is responsible for human suffering."[243] |
.svg/1280px-Flag_of_Switzerland_(Pantone).svg.png) Switzerland | The Swiss foreign ministry called Russia's actions an "invasion" and a "gross violation of international law", while Swiss President Ignazio Cassis announced that the country would support EU sanctions on travel and finance but would still not impose sanctions of its own.[244] However, the Swiss Federal Council reversed course on 28 February, announcing that Switzerland was imposing the same sanctions on Russian assets as the European Union. Exempt from these sanctions were payments for energy raw materials. According to Cassis, the decision was unprecedented but consistent with Swiss neutrality.[245] The Ukraine Recovery International Conference took place in Lugano, Switzerland on 5 July 2022, to finance the rebuilding of the war-torn nation.[246] |
 Thailand | Thailand's Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed "deep concern" and said that it supported "peaceful settlement to the situation through dialogue."[247] |
 Timor-Leste | Timor-Leste was one of 87 signatories to the UN letter condemning Russia's invasion of Ukraine.[72] |
 Trinidad and Tobago | Foreign Minister Amery Browne condemned the invasion.[248] |
 Tunisia | Tunisia called on all parties to work on settling the conflict through peaceful means, expressed "great concern" over the aggravation of tension in the region."[249] Tunisia called on its nationals in Ukraine not to leave the country without prior coordination.[250] |
 United Kingdom | The Queen made a "generous" donation to the Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) Ukraine Humanitarian Appeal.[251] Prime Minister Boris Johnson said that he was "appalled by the horrific events in Ukraine" and "President Putin has chosen a path of bloodshed and destruction by launching this unprovoked attack".[252] During a visit to Southend-on-Sea, the Prince of Wales condemned the Russian invasion, stating: "What we saw in the terrible tragedy in Southend was an attack on democracy, on an open society, on freedom itself. We are seeing those same values under attack today in Ukraine in the most unconscionable way. In the stand we take here, we are in solidarity with all those who are resisting brutal aggression."[253] His wife, the Duchess of Cornwall, made a "substantial" donation to the Daily Mail's refugee campaign.[251] The royal household of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge stated on Twitter: "In October 2020 we had the privilege to meet President Zelenskyy and the First Lady to learn of their hope and optimism for Ukraine's future. Today we stand with the President and all of Ukraine's people as they bravely fight for that future."[254] The couple also made a private donation and were thanked by President Zelenskyy for their message of support.[251] Secretary of State for Defence Ben Wallace described Russia's actions as "naked aggression against a democratic country".[255]
|
 United States | President Joe Biden released a statement condemning the Russian invasion as "unprovoked and unjustified" and accused Putin of starting a "premeditated war that will bring a catastrophic loss of life and human suffering".[262] Biden stated the US would not dispatch its own forces to protect Ukraine, however, Biden did authorize sanctions directly targeting Putin and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov.[263][264] In the 2022 State of the Union Address, Biden announced that all US airspace would be closed to all Russian aircraft.[265] Biden additionally condemned Russian oligarchs who supported Putin, stating that "We are joining with our European allies to find and seize your yachts, your luxury apartments, your private jets. We are coming for your ill-begotten gains."[266] Vice President Kamala Harris threatened to increase sanctions against Russia at the Munich Security Conference: "Let me be clear, I can say with absolute certainty: If Russia further invades Ukraine, the United States, together with our allies and partners, will impose significant and unprecedented economic costs."[267] House speaker Nancy Pelosi vowed the House would pass as much funding as needed to support the Ukrainian government.[268] Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer said that "there's a Holocaust going on" in Ukraine.[269] |
 Uruguay | President Luis Lacalle Pou condemned Russia's "actions contrary to international law", and declared that Uruguay "is a country that is always committed to peace", for which he encouraged the return of negotiations for a "civilised resolution" of the conflict.[270] In an official statement from the Ministry of Foreign Relations, the government stated that the principles of the Charter of the United Nations were "notoriously violated" after the Russian military attacks; and announced that four Uruguayan citizens were evacuated from Ukraine to Cyprus, and that it was monitoring the situation, attending to the situation of its "compatriots" in order to provide them with the proper assistance.[271][272] |
Governments in exile
| State | Notes |
|---|---|
.svg/1280px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_(2013%E2%80%932021).svg.png) Afghanistan | Chargé d'Affaires of Afghanistan's Permanent Mission to the United Nations Naseer Ahmad Faiq, who represents the country's internationally recognized former government, the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, voted for United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1, condemning the invasion.[71] |
 Myanmar | The Minister of International Cooperation of the exiled National Unity Government of Myanmar, Dr. Sasa, said "The unprovoked, unjustified attacks on Ukraine by Russia are inexcusable and unacceptable."[273] |
Non UN members
| State | Notes |
|---|---|
 Kosovo | Prime Minister Albin Kurti condemned the Russian invasion as "the largest military aggression, not only in Europe, since the end of the Second World War", stating "we stand in solidarity with the people of Ukraine and stand together with the EU, NATO, the US, and the UK for state sovereignty, territorial integrity, the country's independence and the right of self-determination for the people of Ukraine", alongside condemnations by the Kosovar parliament. Meanwhile, President Vjosa Osmani said that the people of Kosovo supported Ukrainians "as they face an unprovoked war as a result of Russian aggression", stating on Twitter that "we will work with our allies. ... Russian hegemony will not triumph. Freedom and democracy will win".[42] A joint statement by Kosovo's president, prime minister and senior ministers furthermore condemned attempts to draw parallels to Kosovo's own declaration of independence from Serbia: "Dictator Putin's effort to refer to the Kosovo case and draw parallel are totally unstable, abusive and an attempt to camouflage the lack of any base or reason for the barbarous attack of its forces against a sovereign state."[274] |
 Northern Cyprus[c] | The Ministry of Foreign Affairs strongly recommended all Turkish Cypriots in Ukraine to take all possible safety measures as well as services for those looking to leave Ukraine.[275] |
 Taiwan[d] | President Tsai Ing-wen stated "our government condemns Russia's violation of Ukraine's sovereignty and urges all parties to continue to resolve the disputes through peaceful and rational means."[276] The Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that Taiwan would join international sanctions against Russia and expressed regret over Russia's decision to "use force and intimidation in bullying others instead of resolving disputes through peaceful diplomatic negotiations."[277] Taiwan moved to block Russian banks from the SWIFT system and sent 27 tonnes of military aid. Later, President Tsai Ing-wen, Vice President William Lai and Premier Su Tseng-chang announced they would each donate one month of salary towards humanitarian aid for Ukraine.[278] |
Leans to Ukraine
While these countries have taken some neutral positions, in general they have been described as being supportive of Ukraine.
| State | Notes |
|---|---|
 Bangladesh | Foreign Minister AK Abdul Momen called for the conflict to be peacefully resolved in line with the Charter of the United Nations.[279] Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina asked all concerned persons to observe the Russia-Ukraine war situation.[280] Russia is building a megaproject in Bangladesh, the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant. Russia provides all the funding and logistics for this project, but experts suspect that the war could disrupt the work. Even though 77% of the construction work is already done, the war situation could prolong the rest of the construction. The Soviet Union, of which Russia and Ukraine were both part, helped Bangladesh gain independence from Pakistan in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, by providing extensive military and diplomatic assistance.[281] The neutral stance the country took in the invasion was believed to be related to concerns that Bangladesh itself did not want to be threatened by larger nuclear armed neighbours.[282] A year after the invasion of Ukraine, The Economist changed Bangladesh from "Neutral" to "West leaning".[283] In 2023, Bangladesh for the first time condemned Russia and stated it's 'violation of international law'.[284] |
 Brazil | President Jair Bolsonaro declined to condemn the Russian invasion of Ukraine, while departing from his government's official stance at the United Nations to say Brazil would remain neutral.[285] Brazil supported a resolution condemning Russia's invasion of Ukraine at a United Nations Security Council meeting on 25 February.[286] Vice-president Hamilton Mourão suggested use of force against Russia in the context of military crisis.[287] However, on 27 February, President Jair Bolsonaro said that he would not condemn the invasion and that Brazil would remain neutral.[288] In 2023, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva condemned the invasion, but suggested Ukraine could "give up Crimea" in exchange for peace and Russia's withdrawal from the Ukrainian territory it occupied after February 2022, which Ukraine rejected.[289][290] |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina | Croat and Bosniak members of the tripartite presidency, Željko Komšić and Šefik Džaferović, issued separate statements condemning the Russian invasion, with Komšić saying that Bosnia would support Ukraine.[42] The Serb member Milorad Dodik did not, instead stating that Bosnia and Herzegovina was neutral. He'd said the previous day that events showed it was good Bosnia and Herzegovina had not joined NATO, and that the country would not support sanctions.[187] Foreign Minister Bisera Turković said: "Bosnia and Herzegovina remains firmly committed to Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity, and we call for an immediate end to fighting and shelling! OSCE principles, security and international law are under attack today. Hostility and suffering of innocent civilians must end immediately". Turković called on Russia and Belarus to refrain from using force in the interests of peace, and regional and global stability.[291] |
 Hungary | President János Áder said "Hungary was also forced to endure a similar (invasion) in 1956". Áder added that "we [Hungary] have done everything we could to urge the leadership in Moscow to remain level-headed and exercise restraint. Unfortunately, we could not succeed because, as it has now become clear, Russia was carrying out a premeditated plan which was followed by the conscious deception of its international partners".[292] Prime Minister Viktor Orbán stated that "together with our EU and NATO allies, we condemn Russia's military attack", adding that sending either troops or military equipment to Ukraine was "out of the question, though we will, of course, provide humanitarian aid".[293] A year after the invasion of Ukraine, The Economist downgraded Hungary from "Condemns Russia" to "West leaning".[283] |
 Israel | Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett called for a halt to the violence and pledged humanitarian aid to Ukraine, also offering to mediate and broker a ceasefire between Russia and Ukraine.[294][295] Foreign Affairs Minister and Alternate Prime Minister Yair Lapid called the attack "a grave violation of the international order. Israel condemns the attack, and is ready and prepared to provide humanitarian assistance to the citizens of Ukraine. Israel is a country that has experienced wars, and war is not the way to resolve conflicts."[296][297][298] On 27 February 2022, Israeli Interior Minister Ayelet Shaked declared a two-month visa extension for all Ukrainian tourists in Israel, so they could receive temporary asylum from the war in Ukraine.[299] On 8 March 2022, Shaked announced an official policy of hosting Israel's Ukrainian refugees who were not eligible for aliyah. All 16,000 Ukrainians in Israel before the invasion who were not citizens would receive an automatic three-month extension of their residence visa in Israel. If the war continued beyond that, they would be able to stay in Israel automatically and even receive work permits and the right to Israeli medical insurance. An Israeli pension for non-Israeli Ukrainian adults who would not be able to work in the future was also being considered. It also decided to cancel the economic guarantee requirement for Israeli citizens who hosted Ukrainians in their homes, and opened an additional quota of 5,000 Ukrainian refugees. Any Ukrainian would be able to submit an online application on the Foreign Ministry website and until the quota was filled, in the absence of other issues, would be able to come to Israel temporarily. Israeli citizens would be able to apply to invite Ukrainian citizens, up to one nuclear family per applicant, and these would receive as much priority as possible. In total, Israel planned to host 25,000 refugees for the duration of the war.[300] On 13 March, Shaked announced that anyone with a relative in Israel would be exempt from the quota and still would receive legal refugee status. On 3 July 2022, the Israeli Supreme Court abolished the quotas on Ukrainian refugees and allowed unlimited entry of refugees into Israel. The President of Ukraine welcomed the decision as a sign of "a true, developed democracy".[301] Despite voting to condemn Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Israel has offered to be a mediator in the crisis.[302] |
 Jordan | The Minister of Foreign Affairs of Jordan urged the international community and the parties to spare no effort to promote restraint and de-escalation, and called for peaceful settlement of the conflict through dialogue to restore security and stability in the region.[303] Jordan has been classified as a "West leaning" state on the Russia-Ukraine crisis according to The Economist.[283] |
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | At the UN emergency session, ambassador Inga Rhonda King stated that the country "unequivocally insists that the Russian Federation cease its military operations and immediately withdraw (its) forces from Ukraine."[304] |
 São Tomé and Príncipe | President of São Tomé and Príncipe Carlos Vila Nova said that the country "is not in favor of war" in Ukraine and hopes that the parties can still talk "to resolve disputes".[305] |
 Serbia | While condemning the invasion of Ukraine, Serbia refused to back sanctions against Russia.[306] Serbia respected Ukraine's territorial integrity and considered Russia's action against it "wrong", but would not impose sanctions against Moscow, Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić said on 25 February. Vučić said the National Security Council concluded the Republic of Serbia considers "very wrong the violation of territorial integrity of a number of countries including Ukraine."[307][308] Vučić also said that he would condemn Russia's recognition of the independence of separatist regions in eastern Ukraine only if Zelenskyy condemned the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999 on public television.[309] Serbian Foreign Minister Nikola Selaković said that "Russia was Serbia's biggest support in its battle to preserve its territorial integrity and sovereignty and avoid the stigmatisation of the entire Serb people." Serbian Interior Minister Aleksandar Vulin stressed that Serbia would not join NATO: "While Aleksandar Vučić is the head of the state, you should have no dilemma as to what our attitude toward the NATO alliance is."[310] While there was no agreement on sanctions on Russia, Serbia nevertheless expressed regrets over events, describing both Russia and Ukraine as friendly states and underlining full support for the territorial integrity of Ukraine.[311][312] After the military assault began, some Serbian pro-government newspapers hailed Russia's invasion of Ukraine, praising that Russia "overran" Ukraine, Moscow's troops "reached Kyiv in a day" and that the Russian attack on Ukraine was a "response to NATO threats".[313] Serbian Parliament Speaker Ivica Dačić said that Serbia would never impose sanctions on its friend Russia, despite the pressure that it faced. Dačić also added that "Russia is our most influential ally for preserving our territorial integrity and sovereignty in Kosovo."[310] The initial weak response by the government was criticised by some commentators in the country and the region.[314][315] The Serbian organization Women in Black organised anti-war demonstrations in Belgrade, and the Serbian Orthodox Church organised a collection of humanitarian aid.[316][317] On 2 March Serbia voted 'yes' to the UN's resolution condemning the Russian attack on Ukraine.[318] On 16 May Serbia signed the "Tirana declaration" and deplored in the strongest terms the illegal and unjustified aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine in violation of Article 2(4) of the UN Charter.[319] The Economist classifies Serbia as "neutral".[283] |
 Turkey | Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that Russian actions were "unacceptable" and condemned Russia for its "grave violation of international law", while reiterating "support for Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity".[320] A commercial Turkish-owned vessel was hit by a Russian bomb off the coast of Odesa. Turkish authorities said there were no casualties and the ship safely arrived in the territorial waters of Romania, a NATO ally.[321] On 27 February, Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu referred to the invasion as a "war", bringing the conflict under the 1936 Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits and permitting Turkey to prohibit Russian warships in the Bosporus and Dardanelles.[322] On 28 February, Erdoğan publicly confirmed the closure, and pledged to maintain relations with both Ukraine and Russia.[323] A year after the invasion of Ukraine, The Economist downgraded Turkey from "West leaning" to "neutral".[283] |
Neutral countries
| State | Notes |
|---|---|
 Afghanistan | On 25 February 2022 the Taliban called for "resolving the crisis through dialogue and peaceful means."[324] |
 Angola | The Angolan government urged a ceasefire and warned that the conflict, in addition to causing human and material damage, caused "a climate of tension between the two countries, with international proportions". The Angolan Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that "the parties must strive for the peaceful resolution of the conflict."[325] |
 Armenia | The Armenian MFA spokesman on 23 February expressed "hope that the existing problems between the two friendly states would be resolved through diplomatic dialogue", and declared Armenia's readiness to accept refugees.[326][327] On 1 June 2023, during an interview, prime minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan stated, "Armenia is not an ally of Russia in the war in Ukraine."[328] On 7 September 2023 Anna Hakobyan, the wife of Pashinyan, met with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and his wife Olena Zelenska in Kyiv, Ukraine.[329] She traveled to Kyiv at the invitation of the First Lady of Ukraine to participate in the "Summit of First Ladies and Gentlemen."[329] Hakobyan personally handed over 1,000+ smartphones, tablets, and laptops for primary schoolchildren at the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine in Kyiv.[330] This was Armenia's first delivery of humanitarian aid for Ukraine since the Russian invasion started in February 2022.[330] |
 Azerbaijan | The president of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev expressed his support for territorial integrity of Ukraine, and urged his Ukrainian counterparts to "never to agree to the violation of your territorial integrity".[331][332][333] Ilham Aliyev also offered to organize talks between Ukraine and Russia,[334] instructed Azerbaijan's State Oil Company SOCAR to provide free fuel to Ukraine's ambulances and State Emergency Service[335] and sent humanitarian aid to Ukraine.[336][337] The government of Azerbaijan has taken a neutral position on the conflict, and has maintained strong cooperation with both Moscow and Kyiv.[338] |
 Bolivia | The Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that, as "a pacifist state", the Bolivian government urged Russia and Ukraine to avoid the use of force and seek diplomatic de-escalation "within the framework of International Law and the Charter of the United Nations". It did not explicitly condemn the Russian invasion, instead citing a "lack of dialogue and understanding" as causing further escalation in the conflict.[339] Two days later, on 28 February, before the UN General Assembly, Bolivia rejected the "invasion and unilateral actions" of Russia.[340] Nonetheless, Bolivia has consistently abstained from UN and OAS motions condemning Russia or demanding a cessation of hostilities and voted against expelling Russia from the United Nations Human Rights Council.[341][342][343] |
 El Salvador | The Nayib Bukele administration has taken neutrality as its stance on the Russia-Ukraine conflict.[344] |
 Egypt | Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly expressed his hope the situation would soon be resolved.[345] |
 Honduras | Honduras condemned the Russian invasion.[346] In December 2023, Honduras voted against condemning Russia at the United Nations.[347] |
 India | Prime Minister Narendra Modi appealed for an immediate cessation of violence in a phone call to Putin on 24 February. He also spoke with Zelenskyy on 26 February without ascribing responsibility for the violence.[348] The Indian government refrained from taking a stand or criticizing Russia.[349] India was also worked on trading with Russia using rupees to circumvent sanctions.[350] India is the only member of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue not to ban Russian exports. The Ukrainian ambassador to India, Igor Polikha, told reporters in India that he was "deeply dissatisfied" with India's position.[351] India also abstained from the United Nations Security Council resolution condemning the Russian invasion.[352] Many Western capitals criticised India for its refusal to condemn the invasion.[353] UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson[354] and Prime Minister of Japan Fumio Kishida[355] contacted Modi and tried to persuade him to condemn the invasion. The UK also expressed concern over India's rupee-ruble trade arrangements.[354] Foreign Minister S Jaishankar said that India would pursue an independent foreign policy and consider options in the current market to meet its energy needs. He added that imports from Russia were just a fraction of India's overall imports.[356] |
 Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan, a neighbour and ally of Russia, reportedly denied a request for its troops to join Russian forces in the invasion. The former Soviet republic also said it would not be recognizing the Russia-created breakaway republics, the Luhansk People's Republic and the Donetsk People's Republic, NBC News reported.[357] The Kazakh defense ministry insisted the matter had not even come up. A statement issued on its Telegram channel on 27 February said: "A request to send Kazakh military to Ukraine or any other country hasn't been received and, correspondingly, hasn't been considered."[358] Kazakhstan avoided criticising Russia's move to invade a fellow ex-Soviet republic however.[359] President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev stated that his country would not recognize Luhansk and Donetsk Republics, which he considers to be quasi-states, because if the right of nations to self-determination was realized on the entire globe, over 500 or 600 states would emerge in the world instead of present 193, and it would result in chaos.[360] |
 Kyrgyzstan | The Foreign Ministry of Kyrgyzstan called on Russia and Ukraine to negotiate. "We're following the development of the situation in Ukraine with dismay and concern. Proceeding from our historically friendly relations with the peoples of Russia and Ukraine, we hope that the parties will achieve peace promptly, including by means of creating new formats and mechanisms of the conflict settlement at the negotiating table to prevent further casualties and damage," the Kyrgyz Foreign Ministry said on Friday.[361] President Sadyr Japarov commented that the invasion may have been necessary "to protect the peaceful population of the territories of Donbas." That prompted Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky to recall Ukraine's ambassador to Kyrgyzstan to protest the country's statement "justifying the aggression against Ukraine."[362] |
 Mongolia | Battsetseg Batmunkh, Mongolia's foreign minister, said the government was observing events with concern. She noted that "if the situation continued to escalate it may contribute negatively to world peace and stability", and called on the parties to quickly negotiate a ceasefire.[363] |
 Morocco | Morocco's Foreign Ministry released a statement reiterating its support for the territorial integrity of all UN states.[364] The country was absent from the 2 March UN General Assembly vote condemning the invasion.[365] According to several reports, Morocco had authorized a secret delivery of twenty refurbished T-72B tanks to Ukraine by early 2023.[366][367] In response, foreign minister Nasser Bourita later denied this, and said that Morocco was engaged in a policy of "positive neutrality".[368] |
 Namibia | Namibia called on the United Nations to peacefully resolve the situation. The Namibian Government also looked to evacuate 100 Namibians in Ukraine, should it become necessary.[369] |
 Pakistan | Pakistan's Prime Minister, Imran Khan, said that conflict was not in anyone's interest. Khan also underlined Pakistan's belief that disputes should be resolved through dialogue and diplomacy.[370] After an appeal from 22 diplomatic missions for Pakistan to condemn Russia at the UN General Assembly was released to the public, Khan hit out at Western envoys over their inaction over Kashmir, said supporting NATO in Afghanistan had backfired for Pakistan, and asked why no letter was written to appeal to India, which had also abstained.[371] Islamabad views Moscow as a key long-term partner in Central Asia and the Middle East, looking for increased trade and investment in the region to supplement its national development.[372] Pakistan's Prime Minister, Imran Khan stated "We are friends of Russia, and we are also friends of the United States. We are friends of China and Europe."[373] Pakistan has been considered among the countries to be Russia leaning since the invasion of Ukraine according to The Economist.[283] Ambassador of Russia to Pakistan, Mr. Danila Ganich termed mutual relations between Russia and Pakistan as crucial for both countries' national interests and global stability.[374] |
 Qatar | Amir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani called on all parties to exercise restraint and resolve the dispute through constructive dialogue and diplomatic methods. He cautioned against further escalation.[375] |
 Saudi Arabia | Saudi Arabia's Deputy Foreign Minister Waleed El Khereiji and U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman on the first day of the invasion discussed a "strong international response to support Ukrainian sovereignty", according to the U.S. Department of State website.[376] Saudi Arabia remained committed to the OPEC+ agreement, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman told French President Emmanuel Macron on 27 February, in an endorsement for the bloc's alliance with Russia in its invasion of Ukraine.[377] |
 South Africa | Naledi Pandor, Minister of the Department of International Relations and Cooperation (DIRCO), blamed neither Russia nor Ukraine, calling for "inclusive talks led by the UNSC" and "enhanced diplomacy".[378] The Head of Public Diplomacy at DIRCO said that South Africa had "adopted a non-aligned position", discouraged the imposition of sanctions and called on NATO to respect Russian security concerns.[379][380] The provincial cabinet of the Western Cape Province passed a resolution criticizing the Russian invasion. It called for a full withdrawal of Russian forces and criticized the ambiguous position of the South African government.[381] |
 Sri Lanka | The Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that the Government of Sri Lanka was deeply concerned about the escalation of violence in Ukraine and called on all parties to exercise maximum restraint and work towards the immediate cessation of hostilities, to maintain peace, security and stability in the region, and emphasised the need for diplomacy and sincere dialogue.[382] |
 Tajikistan | Tajikistan has decided to maintain its neutral stance in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and its authorities have not yet made any official statements on the situation. Since Russia invaded Ukraine, Tajikistan has been comparatively the most exposed of the five Central Asian countries. A few other countries in the region, including Tajikistan, decided not to take part in the UNGA's emergency special session on the Russian invasion of Ukraine in March 2022. Tajikistan, in particular, is heavily reliant on Russia for its energy, economic, and security requirements. In reality, Russia is Tajikistan's most significant trading and security partner.[383] |
 United Arab Emirates | The United Arab Emirates abstained from the vote on the U.N. Security Council resolution deploring the invasion, calling it a "foregone conclusion".[384] A senior Emirati diplomat Anwar Gargash said that the United Arab Emirates "believes that taking sides would only lead to more violence".[385] The United Arab Emirates representative to the UN stating "the UAE.. articulates its firm position on the need to de-escalate and find a peaceful solution to the crisis between the parties concerned."[386] |
 Uzbekistan | Press Secretary to the President of Uzbekistan Sherzod Asadov said in a Facebook post: "The President of Russia informed the head of our state of the reasons and circumstances of the decision to launch a special operation. In his turn, the leader of Uzbekistan expressed hope that the parties will soon find mutually acceptable ways to resolve the situation and prevent its further escalation. I would like to emphasize that Uzbekistan takes a balanced, neutral position on this matter."[387][388] The Embassy of Uzbekistan in Poland is evacuating its citizens from Ukraine through Poland, Foreign Ministry of Uzbekistan said.[389] Upon reports of Uzbek nationals fighting in Ukraine, Ministry of Justice stated that any Uzbek national found to have enlisted in the service of a foreign army or police service could face a prison term of up to five years.[390] On 17 March, Uzbekistan Foreign Minister Abdulaziz Kamilov said that he did not recognize the independence of the LPR and the DPR, supported the territorial integrity of Ukraine and wanted a peaceful solution to the situation. He added that Uzbekistan had provided humanitarian aid to Ukraine and would continue this work. He also noted that the country intended to cooperate on both sides of the conflict.[391] |
 Vietnam | The spokesperson for the Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Lê Thị Thu Hằng, stated Vietnam "calls on parties concerned in the Ukraine crisis to exercise self-restraint, enhance dialogue efforts and step up diplomatic measures to peacefully settle differences with respect for the United Nations Charter and fundamental principles of international law, thus contributing to ensuring peace, security, and stability in the region and the world."[392] |
 Zambia | In response to questions from a MP, Vice president Mutale Nalumango stated that Zambia could not make a unilateral decision regarding the conflict, and that they would "not make a position as an individual country but as a grouping to various bodies that the country belongs to".[393] The country also made plans to evacuate all known Zambians in the country.[394] At the emergency special session the Zambia's representative announced the country would support the draft resolution condemning the invasion.[176] |
Non UN members
| State | Notes |
|---|---|
.svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_(various).svg.png) Sovereign Military Order of Malta | In a press release, the Sovereign Military Order of Malta announced that they were supplying Ukraine refugees with "emergency relief, food and psychosocial support."[395][396] |
.svg/1280px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_(2023%E2%80%93present).svg.png) Vatican City | Pope Francis has stated that the events in Ukraine have caused, "great pain in his heart". The Pope called for 2 March, Ash Wednesday, to be a day of prayer and fasting for peace. In an unprecedented departure from diplomatic protocol, the Pope went to the Russian embassy on 25 February, to relay his concern over Russia's invasion of Ukraine to Moscow's ambassador.[397] |
Leans to Russia
Many of these countries are described as neutral but have remained friendly with the Russian Federation ever since it was isolated by the international community.
| State | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|
 Algeria | The Algerian Ministry of Foreign Affairs said it was "following developments" and called for Algerians in Ukraine to adhere to instructions given by the Algerian embassy.[398] Due to the situation, Algeria found itself in an awkward position between Russia—which had just attacked Ukraine militarily—and Western nations, which oppose Russia's action while supporting Ukraine. Algeria enjoys close ties with both Europe and Russia. However, it has closer ties with Russia. Algeria attempted to adopt a circumspect stance regarding the Ukraine crisis. Algeria is following a policy that is essentially supportive of Moscow, despite the fact that it has not publicly endorsed Moscow. Following is an explanation for this:
| ||
 China | Chinese leader and General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping spoke to Russian President Vladimir Putin on 25 February, calling for Russia and Ukraine to resolve the issue through negotiation.[400][401] Putin told Xi that "Russia is willing to conduct high-level negotiations with Ukraine."[402] China's UN Ambassador Zhang Jun said that "We believe that all countries should solve international disputes by peaceful means in line with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter."[403][404] In a 25 February statement, PRC Foreign Minister and State Councilor Wang Yi said that Ukraine's territory and sovereignty should be respected and urged talks as soon as possible.[405][406] Ambassador to Ukraine Fan Xianrong and Foreign Ministry spokesperson Zhao Lijian echoed the sentiment in March 2022.[407][408] Various state media in Beijing quoted Scholz's description of the day of invasion as "a terrible day for Ukraine and a dark day for Europe."[409][410][411] China criticized sanctions against Russia, and said it understood Russia's 'security concerns' over NATO's eastward expansion.[412] China's Vice Foreign Minister Le Yucheng claimed that if NATO "enlargement goes further, it would be approaching the 'outskirts of Moscow' where a missile could hit the Kremlin within seven or eight minutes."[413] On 22 February 2023, China blamed the invasion on the United States.[414] In December 2023, China voted against condemning Russia at the United Nations.[347] | ||
 Ethiopia | Ethiopia's Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has called for restraint in the Ukraine conflict, noting his country's own suffering during the Tigray War. The statement notably did not condemn Russia for invading its neighbor.[415] On November 14, 2022, Ethiopia sided with the Russian Federation on a UN General Assembly vote calling for Russia to pay war reparations to Ukraine.[416] Ethiopia has been considered among the countries to be Russia leaning since the invasion of Ukraine according to The Economist.[283] | ||
 Laos | The Lao PDR government called on all parties to exercise utmost restraint and pursue efforts to deescalate and supported efforts to find a peaceful settlement through diplomatic means.[417] Laos has been considered among the countries to be Russia leaning since the invasion of Ukraine according to The Economist.[283] The Lao state-run news agency reliably repeated comments from Russian diplomats, including in a briefing in early May that "with the help of foreign countries, Ukraine has become a center of attraction for terrorists and mercenaries" and "The West is openly encouraging Kiev to attack Russia." Diplomatic, military, and trade overtures with Russia have increased.[418][419] | ||
 Sudan | Sudan coordinated an evacuation of Sudanese citizens in Ukraine with authorities in Poland and Romania.[420] The Deputy Head of the Sovereign Council Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo stated: "Russia has the right to act in the interests of its citizens and protect its people. It has the right under the constitution and under the law. The whole world must realize that it has the right to defend its people."[421] Sudan has been considered among the countries to be Russia leaning since the invasion of Ukraine according to The Economist.[283] | ||
 Uganda | Muhoozi Kainerugaba, son of Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni and commander of the Special Forces Command, stated that Uganda could send soldiers to Russia to help Putin quell the rebellion if necessary.[citation needed] Uganda has been considered among the countries to be Russia leaning since the invasion of Ukraine according to The Economist.[283] |
Non UN members
| State | Notes |
|---|---|
 Artsakh[e] | President of Artsakh Arayik Harutyunyan welcomed the decision of President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin to recognize the independence of the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics.[422] The Government of the Artsakh Republic sent 14 tons of humanitarian aid to the residents of the Kyiv and Zaporizhzhia regions through Russian peacekeeping troops in Artsakh.[423] |
.svg/1280px-Flag_of_Transnistria_(state).svg.png){kind=spacer} Transnistria[f] | On 26 February, Vadim Krasnoselski, the president of the breakaway state of Transnistria internationally recognized as part of Moldova, in response to what he called rumors and false information that Transnistria would attack Ukraine, said that Transnistria was a peaceful state, never had plans to attack its neighbours and called those who spread these claims people without control over the situation or provocateurs with malicious intentions. Krasnoselski also noted the large ethnically Ukrainian population in Transnistria and that Ukrainian is taught in Transnistrian schools and is one of the official languages of the republic.[424] |
Supports Russia
| State | Notes |
|---|---|
 Belarus | Belarus has taken an active stance of supporting Russia in its invasion of Ukraine. Belarus has let Russian troops freely use their territory to cross the border into the northern side of Ukraine (see Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine). |
 Burkina Faso | President Ibrahim Traoré stated "There is a desire to change politics which leads us to turn our backs on our traditional partners and turn towards our true friends like Russia."[425] |
 Burundi | Burundi's foreign minister insisted that his country would not take sides in Russia's war against Ukraine.[426] However, in December 2023, Burundi reversed this position and voted against condemning Russia at the United Nations.[427] |
 Central African Republic | On November 14, 2022, the Central African Republic sided with the Russian Federation on a UN General Assembly vote calling for Russia to pay war reparations to Ukraine.[416] In 2023, President Faustin-Archange Touadéra expressed support for Russian involvement in Ukraine.[428] |
 Cuba | The Cuban government blamed the United States for the crisis in Ukraine and backed Russia's right to "self-defense", but said the conflict should be resolved diplomatically.[429] |
 Eritrea | Eritrea was one of five countries that voted against the UN General Assembly resolution condemning Russia.[430] In 2023, President Isaias Afwerki expressed support for the Russian involvement in Ukraine.[428][425] |
 Iran | Iranian president Ebrahim Raisi phoned Putin to support stopping NATO expansion.[431][432] Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amirabdollahian tweeted, "The #Ukraine crisis is rooted in NATO's provocations. We don't believe that resorting to war is a solution. Imperative to establish ceasefire & to find a political and democratic resolution."[433] Additionally, he stated that Iran would not be recognizing Crimea, or the other regions of Ukraine as property of Russia, because "Iran recognizes the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the countries."[434][435] Mohammad Javad Larijani, secretary of the High Council for Human Rights in Iran, told IRNA that the government had not backed the military operation against Ukraine, but Tehran "has not closed eyes on the plots hatched by the US and its allies."[436] Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei said that "in Ukraine, we are in favour of stopping the war", and that the crisis showed that the West could not be trusted, and its support for "administrations and politicians that have been installed by them" was a "mirage". He also implied that the Ukrainian government lacked the full support of its people.[437] He blamed US policies for the invasion and accused Washington of meddling in the "internal affairs of the country, setting up demonstrations against the government, creating velvet revolutions, creating colour coup d'etats".[438] |
 Mali | In 2023, Malian military junta leader, Assimi Goïta expressed support for Russian involvement in Ukraine.[428] |
| Myanmar | The spokesperson for Myanmar's State Administration Council, Zaw Min Tun, supported Russia, stating that it "was acting to protect its sovereignty" and praised Russia's role in "balancing global power".[439][440] |
 Nicaragua | President Daniel Ortega and his wife, Vice President Rosario Murillo, expressed their support to Putin's deployment of troops to Ukraine after its recognition of the separatist Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics. Ortega accused NATO and the United States of allegedly conspiring the 2014 Revolution of Dignity which resulted in the removal from office of pro-Russian president Viktor Yanukovych.[441] |
 Niger | Since the 2023 Nigerien coup d'état, the ruling National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland has voted against condemning Russia at the United Nations.[347] Under the previous government, Niger was one of 87 signatories to the UN letter condemning Russia's invasion of Ukraine.[72] |
 North Korea | North Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs published a commentary on 26 February titled "The United States must not undermine the foundation of international peace and stability", ascribing the armed conflict to US "high-handedness and arbitrariness," and accusing Washington of pursuing "military supremacy" in disregard of Russian security concerns. In a post on the foreign ministry website, Ri Ji-song, a researcher at the Society for International Politics Study, made the remarks—the North's first public mention of the conflict following Russia's invasion of Ukraine earlier that week. "The root cause of the Ukrainian crisis also lies in the high-handedness and arbitrariness of the U.S. which has held on solely to the unilateral sanction and pressure while pursuing only global hegemony and military supremacy in disregard of the legitimate demand of Russia for its security," Ri wrote. The Yonhap News Agency quoted a North Korean studies professor at Ewha University in Seoul as calling the post a "cautious" official response from Pyongyang, since it was released in the name of an individual.[442] |
 Syria | Syrian President Bashar al-Assad praised the Russian invasion as a "correction of history" and accused Western nations of using "dirty methods to support terrorists in Syria and Nazis in Ukraine".[443] |
 Venezuela | The country's government blamed NATO and the United States for the crisis in Ukraine, stating that they had violated the Minsk agreements. Nicolás Maduro said before the invasion was launched that Venezuela was with Putin, but also urged a diplomatic dialogue to avoid an increase in the conflict.[444][445] President Maduro officially sent "a hug of solidarity" to President Putin, a "brother of Venezuela."[446] |
 Zimbabwe | Zimbabwe evacuated 256 nationals from Ukraine, advising nationals to leave Ukraine if safe to do so.[447] On November 14, 2022, Zimbabwe sided with the Russian Federation on a UN General Assembly vote calling for Russia to pay war reparations to Ukraine.[416] In 2023, Zimbabwe's President Emmerson Mnangagwa voiced support for the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[428] |
Non UN members
| State | Notes |
|---|---|
 Abkhazia[g] | President Aslan Bzhaniya stated that Russia's invasion of Ukraine was "absolutely justified."[448] |
 South Ossetia[h] | The Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement: "The Republic of South Ossetia expresses its support for the decision of the Russian Federation to conduct the special military operation to protect the residents of Donbas from the current nationalist regime of Kyiv."[449] On 26 March 2022, South Ossetian President Anatoly Bibilov began sending troops to Ukraine to assist Russia with the invasion.[450][451] |
Expulsion of diplomats
More than a dozen countries expelled Russian diplomats following the invasion, citing espionage activities incompatible with diplomatic status,[452] and then also Russian killing of civilians in the Bucha massacre.[453][454] Additionally, the European Union declared 19 Russian diplomats personae non-gratae.[455]
| Country | Diplomats expelled | Date announced | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | 4[456] | 7 April | |
| Belgium | 21[457] | 29 March | |
| Bulgaria | 10[458] + 70 | 18 March | On 28 June 2022, Bulgaria additionally expelled 70 diplomats for espionage and interference in internal affairs.[459] |
| Croatia | 24[460] | 11 April | 18 diplomats and six members of the administrative staff at the Russian Embassy: 24 employees in total. |
| Czech Republic | 1[461] | 30 March | |
| Denmark | 15[454] | 5 April | |
| Estonia | 3[462] + 14 | 18 March | On 5 April 2022, Estonia closed two consulates and expelled additional 14 diplomats/staff.[463] |
| Finland | 2[464] | 8 April | In addition, one Russian embassy employee has been denied a visa extension. |
| France | 35[453] + 6 | 4 April | On 11 April 2022, France expelled six more Russian diplomats.[465] |
| Germany | 40[466] | 4 April | |
| Greece | 12[467] | 6 April | |
| Republic of Ireland | 4[457] | 29 March | |
| Italy | 30[468] | 5 April | |
| Japan | 8[469] | 8 April | |
| Latvia | 3[462] + 13 | 18 March | On 5 April 2022, Latvia closed two consulates and expelled additional 13 diplomats/staff.[470] |
| Lithuania | 4[462] + 1 | 18 March | On 4 April 2022, Lithuania also expelled the Russian ambassador and closed one consulate.[471] |
| Luxembourg | 1[472] | 6 April | |
| Montenegro | 1[473] + 4 | 4 March | On 7 April 2022, Montenegro expelled four more Russian diplomats.[474] |
| Netherlands | 17[457] | 29 March | |
| North Macedonia | 5[475] + 6 | 28 March | On 15 April 2022, North Macedonia expelled six more Russian diplomats.[476] |
| Norway | 3[467] | 6 April | |
| Poland | 45[477] | 23 March | |
| Portugal | 10[454] | 5 April | |
| Romania | 10[478] | 5 April | |
| Slovakia | 3[479] + 35 | 14 March | On 30 March 2022, Slovakia expelled 35 more Russian diplomats.[480] |
| Slovenia | 33[454] | 5 April | |
| Spain | 25 (about)[481] | 5 April | |
| Sweden | 3[454] | 5 April | |
| United States | 12[482] | 28 February | Expelled diplomats are from the UN delegation. |
Intergovernmental and international organizations
Countries that have introduced sanctions on Russia in 2014:[needs update]
Countries that have introduced sanctions
European Union countries that have collectively introduced sanctions
United Nations – Secretary-General António Guterres stated that the Russian invasion was "the saddest moment in my tenure" and called on Putin to withdraw his troops "in the name of humanity".[483] On 25 February, the Security Council failed to adopt a draft resolution which would have "deplored, in the strongest terms, the Russian Federation's aggression" on Ukraine. Of the 15 member states on the Security Council, 11 were in support, whilst three abstained from voting. The draft resolution failed due to a Russian veto.[484][485] Due to the deadlock, the Security Council passed a resolution to convene the General Assembly for the eleventh emergency special session.[486] On 2 March, the General Assembly voted to deplore "in the strongest possible terms" Russia's aggression against Ukraine by a vote of 141 to 5, with 35 abstentions.[487] The resolution also called for the Russian Federation to "immediately cease its use of force against Ukraine" and "immediately, completely and unconditionally withdraw all of its military forces."[487] Only Russia, Belarus, Syria, North Korea and Eritrea voted against the resolution.[488] On 4 March, the UN Human Rights Council adopted a resolution by a vote of 32 to 2, with 13 abstentions, calling for the withdrawal of Russian troops and Russian-backed armed groups from Ukraine and humanitarian access to people in need. The resolution also established a commission to investigate alleged rights violations committed during Russia's military attack on Ukraine.[489] On 23 March, the UN Security Council failed to back a Russian humanitarian resolution calling for the protection of civilians and their safe passage. It was criticised by French and American representatives for not mentioning Russia's role in the ongoing crisis.[490] On 24 March, the UN General Assembly voted 140 to 5 in favor of a resolution approving aid access and civilian protection in Ukraine, which again criticized Russia's invasion of Ukraine.[491] On 7 April, the UN General Assembly voted 93–24, with 58 abstentions, to suspend Russia from the UN Human Rights Council.[492]- African Union – Chairman of the African Union Commission Moussa Faki and Chair of the African Union and Senegalese president Macky Sall called on Russia and "any other regional or international actor to imperatively respect international law, territorial integrity and national sovereignty of Ukraine" and urged both parties to the conflict to establish an immediate ceasefire and start political negotiations without delay.[493]
- Arctic Council – On 3 March, all member states of the Arctic Council besides Russia (Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the United States) released a joint statement condemning the Russian invasion of Ukraine, describing it as a flagrant violation of the organization's "core principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity". They also noted, "the grave impediments to international cooperation, including in the Arctic, that Russia's actions have caused". The seven members announced they would no longer attend meetings of the Council in Russia, which currently holds the organization's rotating chairmanship.[494]
- ASEAN – Foreign ministers of ASEAN expressed grave concern over Russia-Ukraine tensions and urged maximum restraint and dialogue.[495]
- Baltic Assembly – The Baltic Assembly published a statement in which it "firmly condemns the Russian invasion of Ukraine".[496]
- Caribbean Community – A statement issued on behalf of the Caribbean Community condemned the invasion of Ukraine and demanded an "immediate and complete withdrawal" of Russia's military from Ukraine.[497][498]
- Council of Europe – The Committee of Ministers passed a resolution that "condemned in the strongest terms the armed attack on Ukraine" and called for Russia to "immediately and unconditionally cease its military operations"[499] On 25 February, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe suspended Russia from its rights of representation in the Committee of Ministers and in the Parliamentary Assembly.[500][501] In the following days, the European Court of Human Rights granted interim measures indicating to Russia that it should refrain from military attacks against civilians and civilian objects and should ensure access to safe evacuation routes, healthcare, food and other essential supplies, rapid and unconstrained passage of humanitarian aid, and movement of humanitarian workers.[502] Russia accused NATO and EU members of having undermined the Council of Europe, and announced its intention to withdraw from the organisation.[503][504] On 15 March, Russia notified the council of its decision to withdraw and to denounce the European Convention on Human Rights by the end of 2022.[505][506] The following day, the Committee of Ministers decided to expel Russia from the Council of Europe with immediate effect.[507]
- European Union – President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen tweeted; "We will not let President Putin tear down Europe's security architecture" and Foreign Policy Chief Josep Borrell called on Putin to stop the "senseless aggression". President of the European Parliament, Roberta Metsola called for "immediate, quick, solid and swift action" and convened an extraordinary session of Parliament for 1 March.[508][509][510]
- Economic Community of West African States – ECOWAS released a statement that condemned the invasion and called for both parties to stop the fighting. Instead, ECOWAS urged for both parties to use dialogue to solve differences for sake of the interest of peace in the region.[511]
- International Criminal Court – Neither Ukraine nor Russia are parties to the Rome Statute, however, the Ukrainian government has voluntarily accepted the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court since 2015 for any possible war crimes committed on Ukrainian territory since 20 February 2014.[512] The Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, Karim Ahmad Khan, issued a statement on 25 February reminding all parties involved that the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) has jurisdiction to investigate any act of genocide, war crimes, or crimes against humanity and that "any person who commits such crimes, including by ordering, inciting, or contributing in another manner to the commission of these crimes, may be liable to prosecution before the Court."[513] Khan issued a follow-up statement on 28 February that the OTP had a reasonable basis to begin an investigation under article 15(3) of the Rome Statute pending approval from the Pre-Trial Chamber of the court.[514] The approval requirement was bypassed after 39 states parties[i] referred the situation in Ukraine to the OTP and the formal investigation commenced on 2 March.[515] On 17 March 2023, International Criminal Court Issued arrest warrants for Vladimir Putin and Maria Lvova-Belova.[516]
- International Energy Agency – On 25 February, the IEA's thirty-one member countries "expressed great concern over the destruction and loss of life" and said they would closely monitor impacts on energy markets.[517] In response to the threat the Russian invasion posed to global oil markets, on 1 March the IEA Governing Board authorized the release of 61.7 million barrels of oil from member countries' strategic petroleum reserves. IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol said, "The situation in energy markets is very serious and demands our full attention. Global energy security is under threat, putting the world economy at risk during a fragile stage of recovery."[518][519] On 1 April, the Governing Board announced a second release of emergency oil stocks, making another 120 million barrels available for oil markets.[520]
- NATO – Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg condemned the attack and called it a "grave breach of international law". A separate statement announced an intention to deploy defensive forces and condemned Belarus for enabling the attack.[508] On 8 March, Stoltenberg warned that "if there is any attack against any NATO country, NATO territory, that will trigger Article 5" of the North Atlantic Treaty.[521] On 13 March, Joe Biden's national security adviser Jake Sullivan warned of a full-fledged NATO response if Russia hit any part of NATO territory.[522]
- Nordic Council – President Erkki Tuomioja condemned the invasion as "completely unjust" and stated that it was "contrary to both international law and the order of European security."[523]
- Organization of American States – The OAS condemned the attack as an affront to mankind and an attack on civilised international relations.[524] On 21 April OAS voted to suspend Russian permanent observer status in the organization. 25 nations voted in favour, 8 abstained and none voted against the motion.
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development – The OECD Council formally terminated accession negotiations with Russia and ordered the closure of OECD offices in Moscow.[525]
- Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe – OSCE Chairman Zbigniew Rau and Secretary General Helga Schmid issued a joint statement on 24 February 2022 condemning the invasion.[526] All international members of the multi-national OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine, which had been deployed in the country since 21 March 2014, were evacuated beginning 24 February.[527] A Ukrainian member of the OSCE mission, Maryna Fenina, was killed on 1 March during the shelling of Kharkiv.[528]
- Pacific Islands Forum – In a statement, Secretary-General Henry Puna condemned the invasion, saying the group "observed from afar the violation of Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity, as well as Russia's blatant disregard for international law."[529]
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NATO
Following the 24 February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, eight NATO member states – Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia – triggered security consultations under Article 4.[531] The Estonian government issued a statement by Prime Minister Kaja Kallas saying: "Russia's widespread aggression is a threat to the entire world and to all NATO countries, and NATO consultations on strengthening the security of the Allies must be initiated to implement additional measures for ensuring the defence of NATO Allies. The most effective response to Russia's aggression is unity."[532] On 24 February, Stoltenberg announced new plans that "will enable us to deploy capabilities and forces, including the NATO Response Force, to where they are needed".[533] Following the invasion, NATO announced plans to increase military deployments[534] in the Baltics, Poland, and Romania.[535][536]
After the 25 February UN Security Council meeting, Stoltenberg announced that parts of the NATO Response Force would be deployed, for the first time ever, to NATO members along the eastern border. He stated that forces would include elements of the Very High Readiness Joint Task Force (VJTF), led by France.[537] The US announced on 24 February that it would deploy 7,000 troops to join the 5,000 already in Europe.[537] NATO forces included the USS Harry S. Truman's Carrier Strike Group 8, which entered the Mediterranean Sea the previous week as part of a planned exercise. The carrier strike group was placed under NATO command, the first time this had occurred since the Cold War.[538]
As Russia began to build forces on Ukraine's border in the lead-up to the invasion, Finland and Sweden, both neutral states, increased their cooperation with NATO.[539] Both countries attended the emergency NATO summit as members of NATO's Partnership for Peace, and both condemned the invasion and provided assistance to Ukraine. On 25 February, Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova threatened Finland and Sweden with "military and political consequences" if they attempted to join NATO.[540] Both Finnish and Swedish public opinion shifted in favour of joining NATO after the invasion.[541] A public petition asking the Parliament of Finland to hold a referendum to join NATO reached the required 50,000 signatures, prompting a parliamentary discussion on 1 March.[542]
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On 8 March, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg warned that "any attack against any NATO country [or] NATO territory ... will trigger Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty.[543] On 11 March, Biden proclaimed that while the United States would, as part of NATO, "defend every single inch of NATO territory with [its] full might", NATO would not "fight a war against Russia in Ukraine", as such "direct conflict between NATO and Russia is World War III, something we must strive to prevent".[544]
On 13 March, Jake Sullivan, the United States National Security Advisor to President Biden, warned of a full-fledged NATO response if Russia were to hit any part of NATO territory.[545] Sullivan added on 22 March, during Biden's trip to Europe to discuss updating NATO's posture towards Russia, that Biden would emphasize three key issues: new sanctions against Russia and tightening existing sanctions, longer-term adjustments to NATO force posture and contingencies in the case of nuclear weapons use, and 'joint action' on enhancing energy security in Europe, which is highly reliant on Russian gas.[546] Zelenskyy repeatedly urged NATO to impose a no-fly zone over Ukraine, which was rejected by the organization as it would involve shooting down Russian aircraft, an act that would significantly escalate the war to involve NATO.[547][548]
On 16 March, a meeting of NATO defence ministers agreed to continue supplying Ukraine with military, financial and humanitarian aid, though Stoltenberg ruled out the deployment of forces in Ukraine or a no-fly-zone, saying NATO has "a responsibility" not to escalate the war beyond Ukraine.[549]
Upon his arrival for the 2022 Brussels extraordinary summit on 24 March, Biden increased the amount of new aid offered to Ukraine by one billion dollars and announced added guarantees for NATO obligations to protect all NATO-allied nations which border Ukraine.[550] On 28 March, Biden, at the end of his NATO trip to Europe, reaffirmed his condemnation of Putin, saying that he would "'make no apologies'" for previously stating that "'Putin cannot remain in power'".[551] On 29 March, Kallas sided with Biden's condemnation and called for the further isolation of Putin from international politics.[552] As part of the NATO Enhanced Forward Presence, NATO countries agreed to establish four multinational battalion-sized battlegroups in Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia, on top of four existing battlegroups in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland.[553]
On 6 and 7 April, foreign ministers from NATO member states as well as Ukraine, the European Union, Finland, Sweden, Japan, New Zealand and Australia convened to discuss further sanctions on Russia and additional arms deliveries to Ukraine.[554]
European Union
On 27 February 2022, European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen announced that the European Union would ban Russian state-owned media outlets RT and Sputnik in response to disinformation and their coverage of the conflict in Ukraine.[555] She also said that the EU would finance the purchase and delivery of military equipment to Ukraine and proposed a ban on Russian aircraft using EU airspace.[556] The following day, the Council of the European Union adopted two assistance measures to strengthen Ukraine's military capabilities.[557][558] The measures, for a total value of €500 million, financed the provision of military equipment to the Ukrainian armed forces including – for the first time in EU history – weapons and other lethal equipment.[559]
On 28 February, the EU imposed a ban on transactions with the Russian Central Bank and a ban on the overflight of EU airspace and on access to EU airports by Russian carriers.[560] On 2 March, a SWIFT ban for certain Russian banks was adopted, ensuring that they were disconnected from the international financial system, and the broadcasting activities in the EU of the outlets Sputnik and RT were suspended.[561] On 10 March, additional measures targeting the Belarusian financial sector were agreed upon,[562] and the EU imposed restrictive measures, including an asset freeze and a travel ban on 160 prominent businesspeople ("oligarchs") and members of the Russian Federation Council.[563] At the onset of the war, similar measures had already been applied on members of Russia's Security Council and Duma, and on other individuals.[564]
On 15 March, the EU decided to impose a fourth package of economic and individual sanctions, including trade restrictions for iron, steel, and luxury goods.[565] The European Commission claimed that restricting steel imports could lead to a loss of €3.3 billion in revenue for Russia,[566] and von der Leyen explained that the EU was working to suspend Russia's membership rights in multilateral institutions such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.[567] On 23 March, the Council decided to double the funding for the Ukrainian armed forces, bringing the total amount from €500 million to €1 billion.[568] On 1 April, President of the European Parliament Roberta Metsola visited Kyiv to "show the EU's support for Ukraine" and to meet with Ukrainian officials.[569]
On 8 April, the EU passed the fifth round of sanctions, which included an embargo on Russian coal, restrictions on Russian-flagged ships in EU ports, restrictions on Russian and Belarusian road transport in the EU, a ban on four Russian banks, export bans of high-tech goods and expanded sanctions on family members of individuals already sanctioned.[570] The same day, a delegation including European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen, EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell and prime minister of Slovakia Eduard Heger visited Ukraine.[571] Von der Leyen presented Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy with a questionnaire to join the EU; she also visited the city of Bucha to observe the aftermath of the Bucha massacre.[571] Borrell announced that the EU delegation to Ukraine, headed by Matti Maasikas, would return to Kyiv after it was evacuated at the outbreak of war.[572]
International Criminal Court
On 17 March 2023, International Criminal Court (ICC) judges issued an arrest warrant for Russian leader Vladimir Putin for war crimes committed during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[516][573] Among the charges includes having the taking of Ukrainian children by Russian forces.[574] In addition to Putin, ICC also issued an arrest warrant for Russia's Presidential Commissioner for Children's Rights Maria Lvova-Belova on charges of deporting Ukrainian children to Russia.[516][575]
On 25 June 2024, the ICC issued an arrest warrant for Russia's former defence minister, Sergei Shoigu, and the chief of general staff, Valery Gerasimov, on charges of alleged war crimes for missile strikes against Ukrainian energy infrastructure.[576][577]
See also
- Reactions to the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis
- 2022 boycott of Russia and Belarus
- Corporate responses to the Russian invasion of Ukraine
- List of companies that applied sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War
- Legality of Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Protests against the Russian invasion of Ukraine
- List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War
- Foreign involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
- International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic
Notes
- ^ This includes Jersey, Anguilla, British Virgin Islands and Gibraltar.
- ^ Indonesian: "Setop perang. Perang itu menyengsarakan umat manusia, dan membahayakan dunia."
- ^ Northern Cyprus is a disputed state recognized by only one UN member, Turkey. It is internationally considered to be part of the Republic of Cyprus.
- ^ For the status of Taiwan, see: De facto and de jure states, Political status of Taiwan, List of sovereign states#Taiwan, One China, Two Chinas and List of states with limited recognition
- ^ Artsakh (or the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic) was a self-proclaimed breakaway state in the South Caucasus, whose territory was internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan.
- ^ Transnistria's political status is disputed. It considers itself to be an independent state, but this is not recognised by any UN member state. The Moldovan government and the international community consider Transnistria a part of Moldova's territory.
- ^ Abkhazia's status is disputed. It is internationally recognized in whole as part the country of Georgia. Abkhazia is recognized as independent by five UN member states as well as four partially or wholly unrecognized states.
- ^ South Ossetia's status is disputed. It is internationally recognized in whole as part of the country of Georgia. South Ossetia is recognized as independent by five UN member states as well as four partially or wholly unrecognized states.
- ^ 38 states parties (Albania, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, New Zealand, Norway, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom) jointly referred the matter to the OTP on 2 March; Lithuania submitted an earlier, separate referral on 28 February.
References
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External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to International reactions to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
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