Auditor (eclesiástico)

En terminología eclesiástica, un Auditor (de una palabra latina que significa "oyente") es una persona a la que se le da autoridad para escuchar casos en un tribunal eclesiástico .

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En la Iglesia Católica Romana , un Auditor es la persona (hombre o mujer) encargada de reunir las pruebas (preparar el caso) para presentarlas al juez, por lo que se le podría llamar juez instructor. A menos que el juez determine lo contrario, el auditor decide qué pruebas se deben reunir y la forma de hacerlo. ^[1]

Se ha descrito al Auditor como "el funcionario judicial imparcial que reúne todos los documentos necesarios para el caso y puede complementar las actas del caso con más interrogatorios a las partes y a los testigos". ^[2]

El Auditor podrá ser elegido entre los jueces del tribunal o entre personas, clérigos o laicos, aprobadas por el Obispo para este cargo. Las personas elegidas por el Obispo deben destacarse por su buena conducta, prudencia y erudición. ^[3]

El modo en que el Auditor debe realizar el interrogatorio de los testigos está indicado en los cánones 1558-1571 del Código de Derecho Canónico.

Cuando el Ordinario recibe noticias, al menos aparentemente ciertas, sobre un delito punible, debe investigar las circunstancias, por sí mismo o por medio de otra persona idónea, que tiene entonces las mismas facultades que el Auditor. Si posteriormente se inicia un proceso judicial, dicha persona no puede ser juez en la causa. ^[4]

A los jueces de la Rota Romana se les da el título de Auditor o Prelado Auditor. ^[5]

Hasta finales del siglo XX, el título de Auditor se utilizaba en el servicio diplomático de la Santa Sede para designar un rango superior al de Primer Secretario, pero inferior al de Consejero.

En la Iglesia de Inglaterra , el Auditor es un juez que es miembro tanto del Tribunal Arches de Canterbury como del Tribunal de Cancillería de York . ^[6]

En la Iglesia de Scientology , un Auditor es un consejero espiritual que está autorizado a utilizar la tecnología de Scientology mientras brinda asesoramiento religioso (auditoría).