La siguiente lista de los artistas musicales con mayores ventas incluye artistas musicales desde el siglo XX hasta la actualidad que afirman haber vendido 75 millones de discos o más en todo el mundo. Las cifras de ventas se calculan según la fórmula que se detalla a continuación.
Las tablas contienen las cifras de ventas declaradas de cada artista y sus unidades totales certificadas de forma independiente, y están clasificadas en orden descendente por ventas declaradas. Si dos o más artistas tienen las mismas ventas declaradas, se clasifican por unidades certificadas. La cifra de ventas declarada y el total de unidades certificadas (para cada país) dentro de las fuentes proporcionadas incluyen las ventas de álbumes, sencillos, álbumes recopilatorios, videos musicales, así como las descargas de sencillos y álbumes completos. Las cifras de ventas, como las de SoundScan , que a veces publica la revista Billboard , no se han incluido en la columna de unidades certificadas.
Definiciones
Las certificaciones de Oro/Platino emitidas después de 2016, especialmente en sencillos, en algunos casos se generan en más del 50% de las transmisiones en directo. Algunos de los artistas del siglo XX también pueden tener una cantidad significativa de certificaciones basadas en la transmisión en directo. Las unidades certificadas de los artistas más nuevos a veces pueden ser más altas que las cifras declaradas. Esto se debe a que la Asociación de la Industria Discográfica de Estados Unidos (RIAA) y casi todos los demás organismos de certificación cuentan las transmisiones en directo para los umbrales de Oro y Platino requeridos para la certificación del Digital Single Award. [1] [2] [3] Por esta razón, algunos sencillos e incluso álbumes obtienen cientos de miles de unidades de más de la certificación. Sin embargo, las cifras de más de la certificación suelen estar en millones de unidades para las certificaciones de la RIAA; un ejemplo de ello es el sencillo de Rihanna " We Found Love ", que está certificado nueve veces Platino por la RIAA, pero durante el momento de la certificación, había vendido 5,4 millones de descargas. [4] [5]
Las unidades certificadas para algunos artistas/bandas que tienen álbumes de varios discos pueden ser más altas que las cifras declaradas debido a que la RIAA cuenta cada unidad dentro del conjunto como una unidad para la certificación. Las unidades certificadas también pueden inflarse por la redundancia de las certificaciones, porque cada una de las descargas y transmisiones de las pistas contribuyeron a las certificaciones tanto del sencillo como del álbum respectivo. La RIAA cuenta 10 descargas de una pista individual, así como 1500 transmisiones de audio/video como equivalentes a una unidad de álbum, incluidas las de los sencillos lanzados antes del lanzamiento del álbum. [6] Teóricamente, si una canción se transmitiera 1500 millones de veces en YouTube , el sencillo recibiría Diamante y todo el álbum podría ser certificado Platino, [7] creando así un total combinado de 11 millones de unidades certificadas sin ninguna venta. El álbum de Kanye West The Life of Pablo logró el Platino sin vender una sola copia y solo estaba disponible para transmisión. [8]
Las certificaciones emitidas para canciones que han sido grabadas por varios artistas, incluidos los artistas destacados, se suman a la cantidad total de unidades certificadas de cada artista, ya que todos los artistas habrían jugado un papel importante en una canción. Por ejemplo, " This Is What You Came For " y " Where Them Girls At " incluyen a Rihanna, Flo Rida y Nicki Minaj como artistas destacados respectivamente, por lo que las certificaciones emitidas para estas canciones se suman a la cantidad total de unidades certificadas para todos los artistas involucrados. Sin embargo, las certificaciones emitidas para canciones que han sido grabadas por cuatro o más artistas no se incluyen ya que los artistas involucrados habrían jugado papeles menores; ejemplos de tales canciones son " Monster " y/o " All Day " de Kanye West. [a]
Normas
Las cifras de unidades totales certificadas dentro de las tablas siguientes se basan en unidades certificadas de álbumes, sencillos (incluidas descargas digitales) y vídeos.
El orden de los mercados dentro de las tablas se basa en el valor minorista : cada mercado genera respectivamente, el mercado más grande en la parte superior y el más pequeño en la parte inferior. [9] [10]
La columna de ventas certificadas incluye los mercados cuyas bases de datos contienen certificaciones que representan cifras de 100.000 y más.
^Below you can get an understanding as to when certifications for songs are added to the total certified sales of the listed artists.
One lead artist and one featured artist. (The issued certification(s) should be added to the total of both, the lead artist and the featured artist as both will have almost equal amount of part).
Two lead artists.(The issued certification(s) should be added to the total of both lead artists as both will have almost equal amount of part).
Two lead artists and one featured artist. (The issued certification(s) should be added to the total of both lead artists as well as the featured artist. Both lead artists will play a significant part in a song and the part of the featured artist also should be significant enough).
One lead artist and two featured artists. (The issued certification(s) should be added to the total of the lead artist and to the total of both featured artists as almost all should have equal amount of part).
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz oa ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq or os ot ou ov ow ox oy oz pa pb pc pd pe pf pg ph pi pj pk pl pm pn po pp pq pr ps pt pu pv pw px py pz qa qb qc qd qe qf qg qh qi qj qk ql qm qn qo qp qq qr qs qt qu qv qw qx qy qz ra rb rc rd re rf rg rh ri rj rk rl rm rn ro rp rq rr rs rt ru rv rw rx ry rz sa sb sc sd se sf sg sh si sj sk sl sm sn so sp sq sr ss st su sv sw sx sy sz ta tb tc td te tf tg th ti tj tk tl tm tn to tp tq tr ts tt tu tv tw tx ty tz ua ub uc ud ue uf ug uh ui uj uk ul um un uo up uq ur us ut uu uv uw ux uy uz va vb vc vd ve vf vg vh vi vj vk vl vm vn vo vp vq vr vs vt vu vv vw vx vy vz wa wb wc wd we wf wg wh wi wj wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe xf xg xh xi xj xk xl xm xn xo xp xq xr xs xt xu xv xw xx xy xz ya yb yc yd ye yf yg yh yi yj yk yl ym yn yo yp yq yr ys yt yu yv yw yx yy yz za zb zc zd ze zf zg zh zi zj zk zl zm zn zo zp zq zr zs zt zu zv zw zx zy zz aaa aab aac aad aae aaf aag aah aai aaj aak aal aam aan aao aap aaq aar aas aat aau aav aaw aax aay aaz aba abb abc abd abe abf abg abh abi abj abk abl abm abn abo abp abq abr abs abt abu abv abw abx aby abz aca acb acc acd ace acf acg ach aci acj ack acl acm acn aco acp acq acr acs act acu acv acw acx acy acz ada adb adc add ade adf adg adh adi adj adk adl adm adn ado adp adq adr ads adt adu adv adw adx ady adz aea aeb aec aed aee aef aeg aeh aei aej aek ael aem aen aeo aep aeq aer aes aet aeu aevCertification systems have been established periodically throughout the past half century; thus, certification databases are not able to cover all sales. Some (or all) records released and sold prior to a certification system's establishment year may not be found within the available searchable certification databases. Year of establishment (from largest market to smallest based on Retail Value each market generates respectively):[9][10]
Italy: 2009[23] (online certification-database covers certifications issued since 2009. Certifications; however, have existed in Italy since the 1980s)[57]
Portugal:[42](online certification-database covers certifications issued since 2004. Certifications; however, have existed in Portugal since the 1980s)[57]
Certified sales might sometimes be larger than actual sales, if stores order more albums than they are able to sell, due to certifications generally being determined by shipments and not actual sales. Often, however, actual sales are larger than certified sales, since record labels must pay a fee to obtain certifications. Record companies often apply for certifications only when a record reaches a multiple-certification level, meaning certifications might not be visible in the databases for more than a short period of time after an album reached a certification level.[463][464]As global music sales declined in the 2000s mostly due to CD burning and downloading from unauthorized sites, certification bodies opted to reduce their certification levels.[465] See the changes in Certification-award-levels in the following markets:
United States[466] (Note, U.S. certification-award-levels for singles before 1989 were: 1,000,000 for Gold and 2,000,000 for Platinum.[467] Also, U.S. certification-awards for Shortform albums before September 1996 were: 250,000 for Gold and 500,000 for Platinum[468])
Germany[471] (Note, German certification-award-levels for singles before 1988 were: 500,000 for Gold and 1,000,000 for Platinum.[472][473][474][75][57])
New Zealand: (NZ certification-levels for singles before 1989 were: 10,000 for Gold, 20,000 for Platinum)[506](NZ certification-levels for singles before June 2007 were: 5,000 for Gold, 10,000 for Platinum)[507] (The levels for singles were adjusted again on June 17, 2016 from previous 7,500 for Gold, 15,000 for Platinum, to 15,000 for Gold, 30,000 for Platinum)[508]
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