El artículo resume la producción mundial de acero por país .
En 2023, la producción mundial total de acero crudo fue de casi 1.900 millones de toneladas ( Gt ). El mayor país productor de acero es actualmente China, que representó el 54% de la producción mundial de acero en 2023. [1] En 2020, a pesar de la pandemia de COVID-19 , China se convirtió en el primer país en producir más de mil millones de toneladas de acero. [2] En 2008, 2009, 2015 y 2016, la producción cayó en la mayoría de los países productores de acero como resultado de la recesión mundial. En 2010 y 2017, comenzó a aumentar de nuevo. La producción de acero crudo se contrajo en todas las regiones en 2019, excepto en Asia y Oriente Medio. India es el segundo productor líder de industrias de hierro y acero. [ cita requerida ]
Esta es una lista de países por producción de acero en 1967, 1980, 1990, 2000 y de 2007 a 2021, basada en datos proporcionados por la Asociación Mundial del Acero . [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] Todos los países con una producción anual de acero crudo de al menos 2 millones de toneladas métricas.
Posición (2021) | País/Región | 2023 [9] | 2022 | 2021 [10] | 2020 [1] | 2019 [11] [12] | 2018 [13] [14] | 2017 [1] [15] | 2016 [1] [16] | 2015 [17] | 2014 [18] | 2013 [19] | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2000 | 1990 | 1980 | 1967 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
— | Mundo | 1.888,2 | 1.887,6 | 1.951,9 | 1.877,5 | 1.874,4 | 1.808,4 | 1.674,8 | 1.606,3 | 1.620,4 | 1.670,1 | 1.649,3 | 1.552,9 | 1.490,1 | 1.413,6 | 1.219,7 | 1.326,5 | 1.351,3 | 850.1 | 770.4 | 716.4 | 497.2 |
1 | Porcelana | 1.019,1 | 1.018,0 | 1.032,8 | 1.064,8 | 995.4 | 920.0 | 831.7 | 786.9 | 803.8 | 822.7 | 779.0 | 724,7 | 683.3 | 626.7 | 573.6 | 500.3 | 494.9 | 128,5 | 66.4 | 37.1 | 14.0 |
2 | India | 140.2 | 125.4 | 118.2 | 100.3 | 111.4 | 109.3 | 101.5 | 95,5 | 89.6 | 87.3 | 81.2 | 77.3 | 72.2 | 68.3 | 62.8 | 57.8 | 53.5 | 26.9 | 15.0 | 9.5 | 6.3 |
3 | Japón | 87.0 | 89.2 | 96.3 | 83.2 | 99.3 | 104.3 | 104.7 | 104.8 | 105.2 | 110.7 | 110.6 | 107.2 | 107.6 | 109.6 | 87,5 | 118,7 | 120.2 | 106.4 | 110.3 | 111.4 | 62.0 |
4 | Estados Unidos | 80.7 | 80.5 | 85.8 | 72,7 | 87.8 | 86.6 | 81.6 | 78,5 | 78,9 | 88.2 | 87.0 | 88.6 | 86.2 | 80.6 | 58.2 | 91.4 | 98.1 | 101.8 | 89.7 | 101.4 | 115.0 |
5 | Rusia | 75.8 | 71.7 | 75.6 | 71.6 | 71.7 | 72.0 | 71.3 | 70.5 | 71.1 | 71.5 | 69.4 | 70.6 | 68,7 | 66,9 | 60.0 | 68,5 | 72.4 | 59.1 | 89.6 [20] | n/a [20] | n/a [20] |
6 | Corea del Sur | 66,7 | 65,8 | 70.4 | 67.1 | 71.4 | 72,5 | 71.1 | 68.6 | 69,7 | 71.5 | 66.0 | 69.3 | 68,5 | 58,5 | 48.6 | 53.6 | 51.5 | 43.1 | 23.1 | 8.5 | 0.3 |
7 | Pavo | 33.7 | 35.1 | 40.4 | 35.8 | 33.7 | 37.3 | 37.5 | 33.2 | 31.5 | 34.0 | 34.7 | 35.9 | 34.1 | 29.0 | 25.3 | 26.8 | 25.8 | 14.3 | 9.4 | 2.5 | 1.0 |
8 | Alemania | 35.4 | 36.9 | 40.1 | 35.7 | 39.6 | 42.4 | 43.6 | 42.1 | 42.7 | 42.9 | 42.6 | 42.7 | 44.3 | 43.8 | 32.7 | 45.8 | 48.6 | 46.4 | 44.0 | 51.1 | 41.3 |
9 | Brasil | 31.9 | 34.1 | 36.2 | 31.0 | 32.6 | 35.4 | 34.4 | 30.2 | 33.3 | 33.9 | 34.2 | 34.7 | 35.2 | 32.8 | 26.5 | 33.7 | 33.8 | 27.9 | 20.6 | 15.3 | 3.6 |
10 | Irán | 31.1 | 30.6 | 28.5 | 29.0 | 25.6 | 24.5 | 21.8 | 17.9 | 16.1 | 16.3 | 15.4 | 14.5 | 13.0 | 12.0 | 10.9 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 6.6 | 1.4 | 0,5 | — |
11 | Italia | 21.1 | 21.6 | 24.4 | 20.4 | 23.2 | 24.5 | 24.0 | 23.3 | 22.0 | 23.7 | 24.1 | 27.2 | 28.7 | 25.8 | 19.7 | 30.6 | 31.6 | 26.8 | 25.5 | 26.5 | 15.9 |
12 | Taiwán | 18.9 | 20.8 | 23.2 | 21.0 | 22.0 | 23.2 | 23.2 | 21.8 | 21.4 | 23.1 | 22.3 | 20.7 | 20.2 | 19.8 | 15.8 | 19.9 | 20.9 | ||||
13 | Vietnam | 19.0 | 20.0 | 23.0 | 19.5 | 17.5 | 15.5 | 10.3 | 7.8 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 0,1 | 0,1 | — |
14 | Ucrania | 6.2 | 6.3 | 21.4 | 20.6 | 20.8 | 21.1 | 22.7 | 24.2 | 22.9 | 27.2 | 32.8 | 32.9 | 35.3 | 33.6 | 29.9 | 37.3 | 42.8 | 31.8 | 54.6 [20] | 52.3 [20] | n/a [20] |
15 | México | 16.3 | 18.4 | 18.5 | 16.8 | 18.4 | 20.2 | 20.0 | 19.0 | 18.3 | 19.0 | 18.2 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 17.0 | 14.2 | 17.2 | 17.6 | 15.6 | 8.7 | 7.1 | 3.0 |
16 | Indonesia | 16.0 | 15.6 | 14.3 | 9.3 | 7.8 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 0,5 | — |
17 | España | 11.3 | 11.6 | 14.2 | 11.0 | 13.6 | 14.3 | 14.5 | 13.6 | 14.9 | 14.3 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 15.6 | 16.3 | 14.3 | 18.6 | 19.0 | 15.8 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 4.5 |
18 | Francia | 10.0 | 12.1 | 13.9 | 11.6 | 14.4 | 15.4 | 15.5 | 14.6 | 15.0 | 16.1 | 15.7 | 15.6 | 15.8 | 15.4 | 12.8 | 17.9 | 19.3 | 21.0 | 19.0 | 23.1 | 19.6 |
19 | Canadá | 12.3 | 12.1 | 13.0 | 11.0 | 12.9 | 13.4 | 13.7 | 12.7 | 12.5 | 12.7 | 12.4 | 13.5 | 13.1 | 13.0 | 9.0 | 14.8 | 15.6 | 16.6 | 12.3 | 15.9 | 8.8 |
20 | Egipto | 10.4 | 9.8 | 10.3 | 8.2 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 6.8 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 0,4 |
21 | Arabia Saudita | 9.9 | 9.9 | 8.7 | 7.8 | 8.2 | 5.2 | 4.8 [21] | 5.5 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 3.0 | 1.8 | 0,1 | — |
22 | Polonia | 6.4 | 7.4 | 8.5 | 7.9 | 9.0 | 10.8 | 10.3 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 8.6 | 8.0 | 8.4 | 8.8 | 8.0 | 7.2 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 10.5 | 13.6 | 19.5 | 10.4 |
23 | Austria | 7.1 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 6.9 | 8.1 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 7.2 | 5.7 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 5.7 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 3.0 |
24 | Reino Unido | 5.6 | 6.0 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 10.8 | 12.1 | 11.9 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 9.7 | 10.1 | 13.5 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 17.8 | 11.3 | 24.3 |
25 | Bélgica | 5.9 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 7.8 | 8.0 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 7.4 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 5.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 11.5 | 12.3 | 9.7 |
26 | Malasia | 7.5 | 7.2 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 4.1 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 0,2 | 0,1 |
27 | Países Bajos | 4.7 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 5.2 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 3.4 |
28 | Australia | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 5.2 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 7.1 | 6.6 | 7.6 | 6.3 |
29 | Bangladés | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 3.5 | ||||||||||||||
30 | Tailandia | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 6.4 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 2.1 | 0,7 | 0,5 | — |
31 | Pakistán | 5.3 | 6.0 | 5.3 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0,8 | — | — |
32 | Sudáfrica | 4.9 | 4.4 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 7.6 | 6.6 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 8.3 | 9.1 | 8.5 | 8.7 | 9.1 | 3.7 |
33 | Argentina | 4.9 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 1.3 |
34 | Eslovaquia | 4.5 | 3.9 | 4.9 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 3.7 | 5.1 [22] | n/a [22] | n/a [22] |
35 | República Checa | 3.4 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 6.4 | 7.1 | 6.2 | 9.7 [22] | n/a [22] | n/a [22] |
36 | Suecia | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.62 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 2.8 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.7 |
37 | Kazajstán | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 7.4 [20] | n/a [20] | n/a [20] |
38 | Finlandia | 3.8 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 0,4 |
39 | Argelia | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 0,4 | 4.62 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 2.8 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.7 |
40 | Rumania | 1.6 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 5.0 | 6.3 | 4.7 | 9.7 | 13.2 | 4.1 |
41 | Emiratos Árabes Unidos | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 0,5 | 0,2 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 | — | — | n / A |
42 | Bielorrusia | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 [20] | — | — |
43 | Luxemburgo | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 4.5 | ||
44 | Omán | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0,8 | 0,7 | 0.3 |
45 | Portugal | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0,8 | 0,7 | 0.3 |
46 | Corea del Norte | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.28 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 7.0 | 5.8 | 1.5 | ||||
— | Unión Soviética | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 154,4 | 147,9 | 96.9 [23] |
— | Otros [24] | 24.8 | 27.7 | n / A | n / A | n / A | n / A | n / A | n / A | 28.4 | 29.5 | 29.9 | 29,5 (estimado) | 23,3 (estimado) | 28,6 (estimado) | 30,7 (estimado) | n / A | n / A | n / A | n / A |
neto: exportaciones - importaciones
Rango | País | Monte |
---|---|---|
1 | Porcelana | 51.4 |
2 | Rusia | 31.5 |
3 | Japón | 29.8 |
4 | Corea del Sur | 27.6 |
- | Unión Europea [25] | 22.6 |
5 | Alemania | 21.2 |
6 | Pavo | 18.5 |
7 | India | 17.1 |
8 | Ucrania | 15.2 |
9 | Italia | 14.9 |
10 | Bélgica | 12.9 |
11 | Brasil | 10.6 |
12 | Francia | 10.2 |
13 | Taiwán | 10.0 |
Rango | País | Monte |
---|---|---|
1 | Rusia | 26.4 |
2 | Japón | 24.8 |
3 | Corea del Sur | 16.1 |
4 | Ucrania | 13.9 |
5 | Porcelana | 13.5 |
6 | India | 12.1 |
7 | Brasil | 8.7 |
8 | Pavo | 6.0 |
9 | Egipto | 4.4 |
10 | Alemania | 3.0 |
Neto: importaciones − exportaciones
Rango | País | Monte |
---|---|---|
1 | Porcelana | 37.9 |
- | Unión Europea [25] | 32.6 |
2 | Estados Unidos | 19.9 |
3 | Alemania | 18.2 |
4 | Italia | 15.5 |
5 | Vietnam | 13.6 |
6 | Pavo | 12.5 |
7 | Francia | 11.8 |
8 | Corea del Sur | 11.5 |
9 | Polonia | 10.8 |
10 | Bélgica | 10.4 |
Rango | País | Monte |
---|---|---|
1 | Estados Unidos | 13.6 |
- | Unión Europea [25] | 10.0 |
2 | Arabia Saudita | 7.2 |
3 | Filipinas | 6.6 |
4 | Vietnam | 6.6 |
5 | Polonia | 5.6 |
6 | Indonesia | 4.2 |
7 | Israel | 3.3 |
8 | Bangladés | 2.5 |
9 | Uzbekistán | 2.5 |
10 | Emiratos Árabes Unidos | 2.4 |
Evolución de la producción mundial de acero en millones de toneladas.
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