Estilos arquitectónicos no residenciales australianos

Los estilos arquitectónicos no residenciales australianos son un conjunto de estilos arquitectónicos australianos que se aplican a edificios utilizados para fines distintos al residencial y han existido solo desde los primeros edificios del gobierno colonial de los primeros asentamientos europeos en Australia en 1788.

Su distribución sigue de cerca el establecimiento y crecimiento de las diferentes colonias de Australia, de modo que los primeros edificios coloniales se pueden encontrar en Nueva Gales del Sur y Tasmania .

Las clasificaciones que se exponen a continuación se derivan de un importante texto australiano. [1]

Antiguo período colonial (1788–do. 1840)

  • Antiguo estilo colonial georgiano; Antiguo estilo colonial regencia; Antiguo estilo colonial griego; Antiguo estilo colonial gótico pintoresco

Antigua casa colonial georgiana

Antigua regencia colonial

Clásico colonial temprano

Gótico colonial temprano pintoresco

Período victoriano (do. 1840–do. 1890)

El período victoriano, generalmente alineado con el reinado de la reina Victoria , cubre el período de c.  1840 a c.  1890 y comprende quince estilos, todos precedidos por la palabra "victoriano", y son a saber, en orden cronológico suelto, georgiano, regencia, egipcio, clásico académico, clásico libre, filigrana, manierista, segundo imperio, italianizante, románico, bizantino, gótico académico, gótico libre, Tudor, gótico rústico y gótico carpintero.

Victoriano georgiano

Una extensión y continuación del estilo georgiano colonial antiguo en la era victoriana. [17] Las casas de estilo georgiano construidas antes de 1840 aproximadamente se caracterizan como georgiano colonial antiguo, mientras que los edificios construidos entre 1840 y 1890 aproximadamente se caracterizan como georgiano victoriano. Ambos estilos son esencialmente iguales y se caracterizan por fachadas simétricas, formas rectangulares y prismáticas simples y orden. Eran comunes las ventanas de seis y ocho paneles. [17]

Regencia victoriana

Al igual que la arquitectura georgiana victoriana , el estilo Regencia victoriana fue una continuación del antiguo estilo Regencia colonial en la era victoriana (c.1840 – c.1890). [18] Una forma más elegante y refinada del estilo georgiano.

Egipcio victoriano

Clásico académico victoriano

Clásico libre victoriano

Filigrana victoriana

Manierista victoriano

Entre los ejemplos notables en Australia se incluyen: Culwulla Chambers (Sídney); Old Police Station, The Rocks Block Arcade (Melbourne); Stalbridge Chambers (Melbourne); National Bank Pall Mall (Bendigo); RESI Chambers (Melbourne); Lygon Buildings, Medley Hall (Carlton, Victoria); Former Money Order Post Office and Savings Bank (Melbourne); Mutual Store (Melbourne);

Segundo Imperio Victoriano

Entre los ejemplos más destacados se incluyen: el Ayuntamiento de Sídney (Sídney); el Hotel Windsor (Melbourne); el Princess Theatre (Melbourne); la antigua Oficina de Registros (Melbourne); la Oficina General de Correos de Melbourne (Melbourne); el Ayuntamiento de Melbourne (Melbourne); la Sinagoga de East Melbourne (East Melbourne, Victoria); el Royal Exhibition Building (Carlton, Victoria); el Ayuntamiento de Collingwood (Collingwood, Victoria); el Ayuntamiento de South Melbourne (South Melbourne, Victoria); el Ayuntamiento de Malvern (Malvern, Victoria); el antiguo Rechabite Hall (Prahran, Victoria); el Ayuntamiento de Brunswick (Brunswick, Victoria); el Ayuntamiento de Camberwell (Camberwell, Victoria); el Ayuntamiento de Bendigo (Bendigo, Victoria); el Hotel Shamrock (Bendigo, Victoria); el Palacio de Justicia de Bendigo (Bendigo, Victoria); la Oficina de Correos de Bendigo (Bendigo, Victoria); el Instituto de Tecnología (Bendigo, Victoria); el Parlamento de Queensland (Brisbane).

Estilo victoriano italiano

Románico victoriano

Renacimiento victoriano

Bizantino victoriano

Gótico académico victoriano

Gótico libre victoriano

Tudor victoriano (jacobetano)

Gótico rústico victoriano

Carpintero gótico victoriano

Período eduardiano (do. Década de 1890–1910)

La arquitectura eduardiana es generalmente menos ornamentada que la arquitectura victoriana tardía o de estilo alto , [47] con excepción de un subconjunto (utilizado para edificios importantes) conocido como arquitectura barroca eduardiana .

Barroco eduardiano

Entre los ejemplos notables se incluyen el edificio de administración de tierras en Brisbane , el Hospital Queen Victoria en Melbourne (pabellón principal, ahora Centro de Mujeres Queen Victoria), las Oficinas de la Commonwealth en Treasury Place en Melbourne , el edificio del Departamento de Educación en Sydney (1912) [48] y la Oficina General de Correos en Hobart .

Federation period (c. 1890–c. 1915)

12 styles, each style name prefaced by "Federation":

Academic Classical, Free Classical, Filigree, Anglo-Dutch, Romanesque, Gothic, Carpenter Gothic, Warehouse, Queen Anne, Free Style, Arts and Crafts, Bungalow

Federation Academic Classical

Federation Free Classical

Notable examples include: Sydney Hospital (Sydney), Taronga Zoo Pavilion (Sydney), the main terminus building of the Central railway station in Sydney,[49] Flinders Street station (Melbourne), Sacred Heart Church (St Kilda, Victoria), Read's Emporium (Prahran, Victoria), Old Royal Hotel (Williamstown, Victoria), the former Queensland Lands Administration Building (Brisbane).

Federation Second Empire

Federation Filigree

Federation Anglo-Dutch

Federation Romanesque

Federation Gothic

Federation Carpenter Gothic

Federation Warehouse

  • The Big Store, Prahran, completed 1902.
    The Big Store, Prahran, completed 1902.
  • Former 'David Cohen & Co. warehouse, Newcastle. Built 1901.[20]
    Former 'David Cohen & Co. warehouse, Newcastle. Built 1901.[20]
  • Former Edwards Dunlop & Co Ltd stores, Kent Street, Sydney. Built c.1897.[20]
    Former Edwards Dunlop & Co Ltd stores, Kent Street, Sydney. Built c.1897.[20]
  • Former Farmers & Graziers Building, Ultimo. Built from 1895.[20]
    Former Farmers & Graziers Building, Ultimo. Built from 1895.[20]

Federation Queen Anne

Federation Free Style

Federation Arts and Crafts

Federation Bungalow

Inter-War period (c. 1915–c. 1940)

16 styles, each style name prefaced by "Inter-War":

Georgian Revival, Academic Classical, Free Classical, Beaux-Arts, Stripped Classical, Commercial Palazzo, Mediterranean, Spanish Mission, Chicagoesque, Functionalist & Modern, Art-Deco, Skyscraper Gothic, Romanesque, Interwar Gothic, Old English, California Bungalow

Inter-war Georgian Revival

Inter-war Academic Classical

Inter-war Free Classical

Inter-war Beaux Arts

Inter-war Stripped Classical

Inter-war Commercial Palazzo

Inter-war Mediterranean

Inter-War Spanish Mission

Inter-war Art Deco

Skyscraper Gothic

Inter-war Chicagoesque

  • Ballarat House, Wentworth Avenue, Surry Hills; 1915[87]
  • Former Cleveland Shoe Company Factory, Victoria Street, Erskineville; 1923[88]
  • Former Wrigley's Factory, Crewe Place, Rosebery; 1919[89]

Inter-war Functionalist & Moderne

  • Lonsdale House, Lonsdale Street, Melbourne; architect IG Anderson; completed 1937; demolished 2010
    Lonsdale House, Lonsdale Street, Melbourne; architect IG Anderson; completed 1937; demolished 2010
  • Presgrave Building, Little Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1938
    Presgrave Building, Little Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1938
  • Former Victoria carpark, Little Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1939; Melbourne's oldest multi-storey carpark in the streamline moderne style
    Former Victoria carpark, Little Collins Street, Melbourne; completed 1939; Melbourne's oldest multi-storey carpark in the streamline moderne style
  • Hastings Deering, Crown Street, Woolloomooloo; Architects Lipson & Kaad; completed 1938; refurbished 2013
    Hastings Deering, Crown Street, Woolloomooloo; Architects Lipson & Kaad; completed 1938; refurbished 2013
  • Mitchell House, a 1937 Streamline Moderne style building built in 1937 Melbourne
    Mitchell House, a 1937 Streamline Moderne style building built in 1937 Melbourne

Interwar Gothic

Inter-war Old English (20th Century Tudorbethan)

Inter-War Functionalist & Moderne

The functionalist and moderne style often used combinations of blonde and brown bricks in linear vertical or horizontal patterns. Notable examples include: Museum of Contemporary Art (Sydney); Captain's Flat Hotel (NSW); Russell Street Police Headquarters (Melbourne); Astor Theatre (St Kilda, Victoria); Ballarat Law Courts (Ballarat);

Post-War Period (c. 1940–1960)

5 styles, each style name prefaced by "Post-War":

Ecclesiastical, International, Modern

Ecclesiastical

International Style


Modern

Late Twentieth-Century Period 1960–2000

14 styles, each style name prefaced by "Late Twentieth Century":

Stripped Classical, Ecclesiastical, International, Organic, Brutalist, Structuralist, Late Modern, Post Modern, Immigrants' Nostalgic

Stripped Classical

International

Organic

Brutalist

Notable examples include: Sydney Masonic Centre/Civic Tower (Sydney); Suncorp Place (Sydney); Sydney Law School (Sydney); Cameron Offices (Canberra); High Court of Australia (Canberra); State Library of Queensland (Brisbane); Queensland Performing Arts Centre (Brisbane); Law Courts (Brisbane); Suncorp Plaza (Brisbane); National Gallery of Victoria (Melbourne); Total carpark (Melbourne); WTC Wharf; Harold Holt Memorial Swimming Centre (Malvern, Victoria); St Kilda Public Library (St Kilda, Victoria); Plumbing Trades Employees Union of Australia Building (Melbourne); University of Melbourne Faculty of Engineering (Melbourne); Metropolitan Fire Brigade (East Melbourne, Victoria); R.A.W. Woodgate Centre (Kew, Victoria); Olivetti Building (Sydney); UTS Tower (University of Technology, Sydney); St Anthony's Church (Marsfield, Sydney). See Category:Brutalist architecture in Australia.

Structuralist

Late Modern

Post Modern

A subset of postmodernism is mock-historicism tries to imitate historic styles using modern materials to the point where it is difficult to tell them apart from historic buildings. The most imitated styles are those that are easiest to clone (including the Georgian style).

Deconstructivist

Notable examples include Green Building RMIT; Deakin University main building; Australian Centre for Contemporary Art; Gottlieb House (Melbourne)

  • Storey Hall (The Green Building). RMIT. Swanston Street, Melbourne. Completed 1994. One of the earliest examples of Deconstructivist design in Australia.
    Storey Hall (The Green Building). RMIT. Swanston Street, Melbourne. Completed 1994. One of the earliest examples of Deconstructivist design in Australia.
  • 450 Swan Street. Completed 1995. Deconstructivist form integrates an old bank with new offices.
    450 Swan Street. Completed 1995. Deconstructivist form integrates an old bank with new offices.

Immigrant's Nostalgic

21st-century architecture

Several new and continued 20th-century styles, all prefaced with "21st-century" - Deconstructivist, Post modern, Structuralist, Sustainable, Modern

Deconstructivist

Notable examples include Federation Square; Shrine of Remembrance crypt; Sofo House (Melbourne) Swan Bells (Perth)

Post Modern

Structuralist

Advanced structuralism facilitated by Computer Aided Design

Sustainable

Notable examples in Australia include: 60L (Melbourne); CH2 (Melbourne); K2 Apartments (Windsor, Victoria); Dunc Gray Velodrome (Sydney); Forest EcoCentre (Tasmania); Rozak House (Noonamah, Northern Territory).

  • K2 Apartments. Windsor, Victoria. Completed 2006. Highly visible solar panels, prominent natural ventilators and use of natural materials.
    K2 Apartments. Windsor, Victoria. Completed 2006. Highly visible solar panels, prominent natural ventilators and use of natural materials.
  • Council House 2. Little Collins Street, Melbourne. Completed 2006. World's first 6 star green rating building features louvered facade, natural and recycled materials, solar panels and thermal mass cooling.
    Council House 2. Little Collins Street, Melbourne. Completed 2006. World's first 6 star green rating building features louvered facade, natural and recycled materials, solar panels and thermal mass cooling.
  • Dunc Gray Velodrome
    Dunc Gray Velodrome

Green building

Modern

See also

References

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Bibliography

  • Apperly, Richard; Irving, Robert; Reynolds, Peter (1989). "A Pictorial Guide to Identifying Australian Architecture: Styles and Terms from 1788 to the Present," Angus & Robertson.
  • Ulrike Laule, Rolf Toman, Achim Bednorz - Architecture of the Middle Ages - Background to the Gothic Revival style.
  • George Wilkie - Building Your Own Home - Section on Architectural Styles
  • https://web.archive.org/web/20091024003216/http://geocities.com/asiedydd/styles.htm
  • http://www.canberrahouse.com.au/organic.html
  • http://www.wiki.jeremymacpherson.net/index.php?title=Research_Guide_1:_Buildings#Key_Architectural_Styles
  • sydneyarchitecture.com Cronología de estilos en la arquitectura australiana - https://web.archive.org/web/20140908110249/http://sydneyarchitecture.com/STYLES/search-style.htm
  • Fotografía de la Catedral de San Pablo tomada desde las escaleras de la estación de Flinders Street [ enlace muerto permanente ]
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